Wood Formation In Trees

Author : Nigel J Chaffey
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1134485069
Total Pages : 858 pages
Book Rating : 4.62/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wood Formation in Trees written by Nigel J Chaffey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-01-10 with total page 858 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees are a major component of the biosphere and have played an important part in the world's history and culture. With the modern challenges of global warming and dwindling fossil fuel reserves, trees, and in particular their wood, can provide solutions. Unfortunately, too little is known about the biology of these plants, due largely to a lack of

Author : Nigel J Chaffey
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0203166442
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.44/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wood Formation in Trees written by Nigel J Chaffey and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2002-01-10 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trees are a major component of the biosphere and have played an important part in the world's history and culture. With the modern challenges of global warming and dwindling fossil fuel reserves, trees, and in particular their wood, can provide solutions. Unfortunately, too little is known about the biology of these plants, due largely to a lack of

Author : Nigel J. Chaffey
Publisher : Harwood Academic Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9789058231703
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wood Formation in Trees written by Nigel J. Chaffey and published by Harwood Academic Publishers. This book was released on 2001-01-01 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Barry Gardiner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642108148
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.43/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Biology of Reaction Wood written by Barry Gardiner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-01-08 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is a fundamental reference source on reaction wood for wood scientists and technologists, plant biologists, silviculturists, forest ecologists, and anyone involved in the growing of trees and the processing of wood. It brings together our current understanding of all aspects of reaction wood, and is the first book to discuss both compression wood and tension wood. Trees produce reaction wood to maintain the vertical orientation of their stems and the optimum angle of each branch. They achieve this by laying down fibre cell walls in which differences in physical and chemical structure from those of normal fibres are expressed as differential stresses across the stem or branch. This process, while of obvious value for the survival of the tree, causes serious problems for the utilisation of timber. Timber derived from trees containing significant amounts of reaction wood is subject to dimensional instability on drying, causing twisting, bending and splitting. It is also difficult to work as timber, and for the pulp and paper industry the cost of removing the increased amount of lignin in compression wood is substantial. This has both practical and economic consequences for industry. Understanding the factors controlling reaction wood formation and its effect on wood structure is therefore fundamental to our understanding of the adaptation of trees to their environment and to the sustainable use of wood. The topics covered include: -Morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of reaction wood -Cell-wall polymers in reaction wood and their biosynthesis -Changes in tree proteomes during reaction wood formation -The biomechanical action and biological functions of reaction wood - Physical and mechanical properties of reaction wood from the scale of cell walls to planks -The detection and characterisation of compression wood -Effects of reaction wood on the performance of wood and wood-based products - Commercial implications of reaction wood and the influence of forest management on its formation

Author : Martin H. Zimmermann
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 1483261689
Total Pages : 579 pages
Book Rating : 4.83/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Formation of Wood in Forest Trees written by Martin H. Zimmermann and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-09-03 with total page 579 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Formation of Wood in Forest Trees covers the proceedings of the second symposium held under the auspices of the Maria Moors Cabot Foundation for Botanical Research, conducted in Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts on April 15-19, 1963. The book focuses on the aspects of tree growth, such as the chemistry and submicroscopic morphology of wood and the effects of the environment on growth. The selection first offers information on the evolution of cambium in geologic time; a model for cell production by the cambium of conifers; and structure and development of the bark in dicotyledons. The text then ponders on the aspects of ultrastructure of phloem, stem structure in arborescent monocotyledons, and structure and formation of the cell wall in xylem. The publication takes a look at the general chemistry of cell walls and distribution of the chemical constituents across the walls and ultraviolet and fluorescence optics of lignified cell walls. The text also examines the role of endogenous hormones in cambial activity and xylem differentiation; indirect effects of environment on wood formation; and influence of external pressure on the differentiation of cells and tissues cultured in vitro. The selection is a dependable reference for readers interested in the formation of wood in forest trees.

Author : Jörg Fromm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642364918
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.14/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Cellular Aspects of Wood Formation written by Jörg Fromm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-11 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With today’s ever growing economic and ecological problems, wood as a raw material takes on increasing significance as the most important renewable source of energy and as industrial feedstock for numerous products. Its chemical and anatomical structure and the excellent properties that result allow wood to be processed into the most diverse products; from logs to furniture and veneers, and from wood chippings to wooden composites and paper. The aim of this book is to review advances in research on the cellular aspects of cambial growth and wood formation in trees over recent decades. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part covers the basic process of wood biosynthesis, focusing on five major steps that are involved in this process: cell division, cell expansion, secondary cell wall formation, programmed cell death and heartwood formation. The second part of the book deals with the regulation of wood formation by endogenous and exogenous factors. On the endogenous level the emphasis is placed on two aspects: control of wood formation by phytohormones and by molecular mechanisms. Apart from endogenous factors, various exogenous effects (such as climate factors) are involved in wood formation. Due to modern microscopic as well as molecular techniques, the understanding of wood formation has progressed significantly over the last decade. Emphasizing the cellular aspects, this book first gives an overview of the basic process of wood formation, before it focuses on factors involved in the regulation of this process.

Author : John M. Harris
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364273779X
Total Pages : 226 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Spiral Grain and Wave Phenomena in Wood Formation written by John M. Harris and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is widely recognized that spiral grain in trees severely reduces the value of sawn timber through warping and loss of strength, and that it also causes problems for other wood uses as diverse as transmission poles or plywood. Yet, paradoxically, there are highly valued grain patterns including wavy and interlocked grain, whose origins in the cambium invite direct comparison with those of spiral grain, so that many authorities believe them to be related phenomena. In recent years this concept has prompted extensive research into the anatomy, genetics, and physiology of all such grain patterns in wood. As a result it has become apparent that tree cambia provide excellent systems through which to study the origins of stem polarity and the complex processes of morphogenetic control in plants. Beside these and other pressing topics for research, the book examines methods of measuring grain deviations, and considers their influence on wood properties, on the economics of timber production, and on wood manufacturing.

Author : Noel Streatfeild
Publisher : Persephone Books
ISBN 13 : 9781906462086
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Saplings written by Noel Streatfeild and published by Persephone Books. This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "First published in 1945 by Collins"--Copyright page.

Author : Christoph Richter
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319074229
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wood Characteristics written by Christoph Richter and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-11-10 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad range of options for technically adapting, handling and processing wood with specific wood characteristics. It starts by discussing wood anatomy and the general factors leading to the formation of wood characteristics. The individual characteristics are then categorized into four groups: 1. Wood characteristics inherent in a tree’s natural growth. 2. Biotically-induced wood characteristics. 3. Abiotically-induced wood characteristics. 4. Types and causes of cracks. New to this English edition is a comparison of wood characteristics found in trees from the boreal, temperate and tropical climate zones. The results show a clear relationship between the effects of sunshine duration, the vertical and horizontal angle of radiation, and crown coverage and the way wood characteristics form. The book addresses all those who work with wood professionally: foresters, gardeners and arborists who want to be able to observe a living tree and identify its internal features and the causes of its prominent wood characteristics. Based on the findings described in this book they can determine how to avoid certain undesirable characteristics, or alternatively how to promote favorable ones as the tree and stand grow. Botanists and dendrologists will learn how wood characteristics arise, and how they affect living trees and wood products. The needs of wood technologists seeking to prevent adverse wood characteristics from influencing wood processing, or to enhance favorable wood characteristics, are also addressed.

Author : Daniel Trembly MacDougal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.23/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Growth in Trees written by Daniel Trembly MacDougal and published by . This book was released on 1933 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: