Heinrich Caro And The Creation Of Modern Chemical Industry

Author : Carsten Reinhardt
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401593531
Total Pages : 469 pages
Book Rating : 4.33/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry written by Carsten Reinhardt and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 469 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heinrich Caro (1834-1910) was the inventor of new chemical processes that in the two decades commencing in 1869 enabled BASF of Ludwigshafen, Germany, to take first place among manufacturers of synthetic dyestuffs. The cornerstones of Caro's success were his early training as calico (cotton) printer in Germany, and his employment at a chemical firm in Manchester, England. Caro was a creative research chemist, a highly knowledgeable patent specialist and expert witness, and a brilliant manager of science-based chemical technology. This first full-length scientific biography of Heinrich Caro delineates his role in the emergence of the industrial research laboratory, the forging of links between academic and industrial chemistry, and the development of modern patent law. Major chemical topics include the rise of classical organic chemistry, collaboration with Adolf Baeyer, artificial alizarin and indigo, aniline dyes, and other coal-tar products, particularly intermediates.

Author : Carsten Reinhardt
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789401593540
Total Pages : 476 pages
Book Rating : 4.4X/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Heinrich Caro and the Creation of Modern Chemical Industry written by Carsten Reinhardt and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-15 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Ernst Homburg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401732531
Total Pages : 338 pages
Book Rating : 4.36/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850–1914 written by Ernst Homburg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe is the cradle of the modem international chemical industry. From the middle of the nineteenth century until the outbreak of World War I, the European chemical industry influenced not only the production and control of science and technology, but also made significant contributions towards economic development, as well as bringing about profound changes in working and living enviromnents. It is a highly complex heritage, both rich and threatening, that calls for close scrutinity. Fortunately, a unique opportunity to explore the historical development of the European chemical industry from a variety of novel standpoints, was made possible during 1993 as part of the European Science Foundation (ESF) programme called 'The Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939.' This process of exploration has taken place through three workshops, each dealing with different time periods. The workshop concerned with the period 1850-1914, which corresponds roughly to the so-called Second Industrial Revolution, was held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, on 23-25 March 1995. This volume is the outcome of that workshop. The other workshops dealing with European chemical industry were held in Liege in 1994, covering the First Industrial Revolution period, 1789-1850, and Strasbourg in 1996, covering the period between the two World Wars.

Author : Peter J. T. Morris
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 9780854044795
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.95/5 ( download)

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Download or read book From Classical to Modern Chemistry written by Peter J. T. Morris and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2002 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most chemists today have either taken part in, or been affected by, the chemical revolution that has taken place over the course of the last century. Developments in instrumentation have changed not just what chemists do, but also how they think about chemistry. New and exciting areas of previously inaccessible research have been opened up as a direct result of this revolution. This is the first book to examine this instrumental revolution and goes on to assess the impact on chemical practice in areas ranging from organic chemistry and biochemistry to environmental analysis and process control, thus demonstrating how fundamental and extensive are the changes that have occurred. With contributions from internationally recognised specialists, this lavishly illustrated book provides a focal point for any historian of chemistry or chemist with an interest in this fascinating topic. This book is published in association with the Science Museum, London, UK and the Chemical Heritage Foundation, Philadelphia.

Author : U. Klein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401597375
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.71/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Tools and Modes of Representation in the Laboratory Sciences written by U. Klein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: constitutive of reference in laboratory sciences as cultural sign systems and their manipulation and superposition, collectively shared classifications and associated conceptual frameworks,· and various fonns of collective action and social institutions. This raises the question of how much modes of representation, and specific types of sign systems mobilized to construct them, contribute to reference. Semioticians have argued that sign systems are not merely passive media for expressing preconceived ideas but actively contribute to meaning. Sign systems are culturally loaded with meaning stemming from previous practical applications and social traditions of applications. In new local contexts of application they not only transfer stabilized meaning but also can be used as active resources to add new significance and modify previous meaning. This view is supported by several analyses presented in this volume. Sign systems can be implemented like tools that are manipulated and superposed with other types of signs to forge new representations. The mode of representation, made possible by applying and manipulating specific types of representational tools, such as diagrammatic rather than mathematical representations, or Berzelian fonnulas rather than verbal language, contributes to meaning and forges fine-grained differentiations between scientists' concepts. Taken together, the essays contained in this volume give us a multifaceted picture of the broad variety of modes of representation in nineteenth-century and twentieth-century laboratory sciences, of the way scientists juxtaposed and integrated various representations, and of their pragmatic use as tools in scientific and industrial practice.

Author : Kathryn Steen
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469612917
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.11/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The American Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry written by Kathryn Steen and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-08-03 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Prior to 1914, Germany dominated the worldwide production of synthetic organic dyes and pharmaceuticals like aspirin. When World War I disrupted the supply of German chemicals to the United States, American entrepreneurs responded to the shortages and high prices by trying to manufacture chemicals domestically. Learning the complex science and industry, however, posed a serious challenge. This book explains how the United States built a synthetic organic chemicals industry in World War I and the 1920s. Kathryn Steen argues that Americans' intense anti-German sentiment in World War I helped to forge a concentrated effort among firms, the federal government, and universities to make the United States independent of "foreign chemicals." Besides mobilization efforts to make high explosives and war gases, federal policies included protective tariffs, gathering and publishing market information, and, most dramatically, confiscation of German-owned chemical subsidiaries and patents. Meanwhile, firms and universities worked hard to develop scientific and manufacturing expertise. Against a backdrop of hostilities and intrigue, Steen shows how chemicals were deeply entwined with national and international politics and policy during the war and subsequent isolationism of the turbulent early twentieth century.

Author : Ulrich Charpa
Publisher : Mohr Siebeck
ISBN 13 : 9783161491214
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.11/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Jews and Sciences in German Contexts written by Ulrich Charpa and published by Mohr Siebeck. This book was released on 2007 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The authors examine the relationship between the cultural, religious and social situation of German Jews on the one hand and their scientific activities on the other. They discuss the sensitive question of the specificity of the approaches of Jewish scientists and draw attention to the debate concerning the relationship between Judaism and academic research, ranging from the early 19th century theorizing on science and Judaism to 20th century issues, e.g. the controversies on 'Jewish' physics, mathematics etc. in the 1920s and 30s. Contributors: Ute Deichmann, Anthony S. Travis, Moritz Epple, Raphael Falk, Ulrich Charpa, Nurit Kirsch, Yael Hashiloni-Dolev, Aharon Loewenstein, Ruth Sime, Simone Wenkel

Author : Anthony S. Travis
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319689630
Total Pages : 411 pages
Book Rating : 4.30/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Nitrogen Capture written by Anthony S. Travis and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-04-24 with total page 411 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph provides an account of how the synthetic nitrogen industry became the forerunner of the 20th-century chemical industry in Europe, the United States and Asia. Based on an earlier SpringerBrief by the same author, which focused on the period of World War I, it expands considerably on the international aspects of the development of the synthetic nitrogen industry in the decade and a half following the war, including the new technologies that rivalled the Haber-Bosch ammonia process. Travis describes the tremendous global impact of fixed nitrogen (as calcium cyanamide and ammonia), including the perceived strategic need for nitrogen (mainly for munitions), and, increasingly, its role in increasing crop yields, including in Italy under Mussolini, and in the Soviet Union under Stalin. The author also reviews the situation in Imperial Japan, including the earliest adoption of the Italian Casale ammonia process, from 1923, and the role of fixed nitrogen in the industrialization of colonial Korea from the late 1920s. Chemists, historians of science and technology, and those interested in world fertilizer production and the development of chemical industry during the first four decades of the twentieth century will find this book of considerable value.

Author : Peter J. Ramberg
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350251542
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.40/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century written by Peter J. Ramberg and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-12-14 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Cultural History of Chemistry in the Nineteenth Century covers the period from 1815 to 1914 and the birth of modern chemistry. The elaboration of atomic theory - and new ideas of periodicity, structure, bonding, and equilibrium - emerged in tandem with new instruments and practices. The chemical industry expanded exponentially, fuelled by an increasing demand for steel, aluminium, dyestuffs, pharmaceuticals, and consumer goods. And the chemical laboratory became established in its two distinct modern settings of the university and industry. At the turn of the century, the discovery of radioactivity took hold of the public imagination, drawing chemistry closer to physics, even as it threatened to undermine the whole concept of atomism. The 6 volume set of the Cultural History of Chemistry presents the first comprehensive history from the Bronze Age to today, covering all forms and aspects of chemistry and its ever-changing social context. The themes covered in each volume are theory and concepts; practice and experiment; laboratories and technology; culture and science; society and environment; trade and industry; learning and institutions; art and representation. Peter J. Ramberg is Professor of the History of Science at Truman State University, USA. Volume 5 in the Cultural History of Chemistry set. General Editors: Peter J. T. Morris, University College London, UK, and Alan Rocke, Case Western Reserve University, USA.

Author : Stephen M. Burkinshaw
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118725697
Total Pages : 642 pages
Book Rating : 4.96/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Physico-chemical Aspects of Textile Coloration written by Stephen M. Burkinshaw and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2016-02-08 with total page 642 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The production of textile materials comprises a very large and complex global industry that utilises a diverse range of fibre types and creates a variety of textile products. As the great majority of such products are coloured, predominantly using aqueous dyeing processes, the coloration of textiles is a large-scale global business in which complex procedures are used to apply different types of dye to the various types of textile material. The development of such dyeing processes is the result of substantial research activity, undertaken over many decades, into the physico-chemical aspects of dye adsorption and the establishment of ‘dyeing theory’, which seeks to describe the mechanism by which dyes interact with textile fibres. Physico-Chemical Aspects of Textile Coloration provides a comprehensive treatment of the physical chemistry involved in the dyeing of the major types of natural, man-made and synthetic fibres with the principal types of dye. The book covers: fundamental aspects of the physical and chemical structure of both fibres and dyes, together with the structure and properties of water, in relation to dyeing; dyeing as an area of study as well as the terminology employed in dyeing technology and science; contemporary views of intermolecular forces and the nature of the interactions that can occur between dyes and fibres at a molecular level; fundamental principles involved in dyeing theory, as represented by the thermodynamics and kinetics of dye sorption; detailed accounts of the mechanism of dyeing that applies to cotton (and other cellulosic fibres), polyester, polyamide, wool, polyacrylonitrile and silk fibres; non-aqueous dyeing, as represented by the use of air, organic solvents and supercritical CO2 fluid as alternatives to water as application medium. The up-to-date text is supported by a large number of tables, figures and illustrations as well as footnotes and widespread use of references to published work. The book is essential reading for students, teachers, researchers and professionals involved in textile coloration.