Evolution Of Wild Emmer And Wheat Improvement

Author : E. Nevo
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3662071401
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.03/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Evolution of Wild Emmer and Wheat Improvement written by E. Nevo and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is about the contribution to evolutionary theory and agricultural technology of one of humankind's most dramatic imitations of the evolu tionary process, namely crop domestication, as exemplified by the progenitor of wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. This species is a major model organism and it has been studied at the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, since 1979. The domestication by humans of wild plants to cultivated ones during the last ten millennia is one of the best demonstrations of evolution. It is a process that has been condensed in time and advanced by artificial rather than natural selection. Plant and animal domestication revolutionized human cultural evolution and is the major factor underlying human civilization. A post-Pleistocene global rise in temperature following the ice age, i.e., climatic-environmental factors, may have induced the expansion of econom ically important thermophilous plants and in turn promoted complex forag ing and plant cultivation. The shift from foraging to steady production led to an incipient agriculture varying in time in various part of the world. In the Levant, agriculture developed out of an intensive specialized exploitation of plants and animals. Natufian sedentism, followed by rapid population growth and resource stress, induced by the expanding desert, coupled with available grinding technology, may have triggered plant domestication.

Author : Chad Michael Jorgensen
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780355763348
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Assessing the Role of Karaca Dağ Wild Emmer in Wheat Domestication and Wheat Improvement written by Chad Michael Jorgensen and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild emmer (Triticum turgidum ssp. dicoccoides) is the progenitor of all domesticated wheat grown today, both tetraploid and hexaploid. The understanding of wild emmer's origin, the evolution of its genome, the structure and evolution of its genetic diversity, and the ways it contributed to the evolution of domesticated wheat is essential for advancing the basic and applied biology of wheat. It has been hypothesized that emmer was domesticated in the Karaca Dağ region in southeastern Turkey, yet, no analysis of domestication genes has been reported in this population. To fill this knowledge gap, accession PI 428082 from the Karaca Dağ region was crossed to durum 'Langdon' (LDN) to construct a genetic mapping population and genetic linkage maps, and map loci controlling domestication traits. First, using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, the relationship of this accession to other accessions of wild emmer in the Karaca Dağ region and domesticated wheat was determined. PI 428082 was embedded in the Karaca Dağ wild emmer branch in the phylogenetic tree, indicating that it is representative of the Karaca Dağ wild emmer population. Recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from the cross LDN x PI 428082 were developed, a genetic map comprising 2,650 unique SNP markers and spanning 1727.93 cM was constructed and compared to the genome sequence of Aegilops tauschii, a wild relative of the wheat D genome, to investigate chromosomal rearrangements and evolution of wild emmer genome. A major structural change observed in the PI 428082 genome was a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 3B and 6B, in addition to the already known 4A-5A-7B translocations and 4A pericentric and paracentric inversions. In addition to these rearrangements, the most common type of chromosome rearrangement was an intrachromosomal translocation. The genetic map was inconsistent with the current model of the evolution of chromosome 4A. The origin of 4A rearrangements was shown to be contemporary with the speciation of wild emmer. The study of diversity in chromosome 4A in the Karaca Dağ wild emmer uncovered a selective sweep in this chromosome that was absent from hexaploid wheat. The absence of diversity from a large portion of chromosome 4A of wild emmer population that is proposed to be the ancestor of all domesticated wheat calls into question the ancestral nature of this wild emmer population. To further characterize the relationship of PI 428082 to domesticated wheat, the LDN x PI 428082 RIL population was grown in the field for three years and measured a suite of domestication-related traits. Domestication-related QTLs were discovered and mapped. To compare them with domestication QTLs on homoeologous chromosomes and QTLs published by others, the 64 QTLs discovered here and 60 domestication QTLs discovered by others were aligned on the Ae. tauschii genome sequence. This allowed for the more precise determination of the locations of some of the QTLs and the identification of candidate genes among genes isolated in other grass genomes. Virtually all QTLs described by others in wild emmer QTL studies segregated in the LDN x PI 428082 RIL population, suggesting the presence of wild alleles at most of the domestication loci in PI 428082. This is consistent with PI 428082 and other wild emmer in the Karaca Dağ region being a wild population, and argues against the possibility that the population was derived from hybridization with domesticated wheat. Segregation for wild traits, such as brittle rachis and glume tenacity, in the RIL population made it unsuitable for the analysis of agronomic traits. Therefore, reciprocal inbred backcross lines (IBLs) from the cross LDN x PI 428082 were developed. By merging two IBL populations derived from backcrosses to the wild and domesticated parents, the creation of a genotyping matrix suitable for genetic mapping was possible. The LDN x PI 428082 map consisted of 1,830 unique markers and spanned 2,057 cM of the tetraploid genome. It was consistent with the map made using the RIL population, as 98% of markers that could be compared were in the same order. QTL analysis was also performed with this map and QTLs were aligned on the Aegilops tauschii genome sequence for comparison. The locations of QTL shared by the IBL and RIL maps were consistent. Hence, both marker order and QTL locations validated the approach to the IBL map construction and QTL mapping.

Author : Moshe Feldman
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031301757
Total Pages : 689 pages
Book Rating : 4.59/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wheat Evolution and Domestication written by Moshe Feldman and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-10-03 with total page 689 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book covers a century of research on wheat genetics and evolution, starting with the discovery in 1918 of the accurate number of chromosomes in wheat. We re-evaluate classical studies that are pillars of the current knowledge considering recent genomic data in the wheat group comprising 31 species from the genera Amblyopyrum, Aegilops, Triticum, and other more distant relatives. For these species, we describe morphology, ecogeographical distribution, phylogeny as well as cytogenetic and genomic features. For crops, we also address evolution under human selection, namely pre-domestication cultivation and domestication. We re-examine the genetic and archeological evidence of where, when, and how domestication occurred. We discuss unique aspects of genome evolution and maintenance under polyploidization, in natural and synthetic allopolyploids of the wheat group. Finally, we propose some thoughts on the future prospects of wheat improvement. As such, it can be of great interest to wheat researchers and breeders as well as to plant scientists and students interested in plant genetics, evolution, domestication, and polyploidy.

Author : Solomon P. Wasser
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323907539
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.38/5 ( download)

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Download or read book New Horizons in Evolution written by Solomon P. Wasser and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-07-30 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Horizons in Evolution is a compendium of the latest research, analyses, and theories of evolutionary biology. Chapters are collected from the international symposium held by the Board of Governors of the University of Haifa to honor Dr. Eviatar Nevo, founder and director of the Institute of Evolution. This book includes material written by top global scientists. Such detailed summaries and recent advances include topics like genomics, epigenetics, evolutionary theory, and the evolution of cancer. This book analyzes evolutionary biology of animals, such as lizards and subterranean mammals. It also discusses agricultural evolution, specifically the vital wheat crop in various climates and locations. Each chapter contributes the most up-to-date knowledge of evolution’s role in speciation, adaptation, and regulation. New Horizons in Evolution is a valuable resource for researchers involved in evolution, evolutionary biology, and evolutionary theory. Advanced undergraduate and graduate students in evolutionary biology courses will also find this useful due to the high expertise level and latest knowledge available through this resource. Examines the evolution of species in extreme conditions Discusses the role of evolution in medicine and cancer research Features the latest data and advances in evolution theory

Author : Brett F. Carver
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0813819237
Total Pages : 615 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wheat written by Brett F. Carver and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-09-15 with total page 615 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat: Science and Trade is an up-to-date, comprehensive reference work designed to expand the current body of knowledge on this staple crop, incorporating new information made available by genetic advances, improvements in the understanding of wheat's biology, and changes in the wheat trade industry. Covering phylogeny and ontogeny, manipulation of the environment and optimal management, genetic improvement, and utilization and commercialization, the book focuses on the most economically significant diseases and impacts

Author : Chittaranjan Kole
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642142281
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources written by Chittaranjan Kole and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-04 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild crop plants play a significant part in the elucidation and improvement of the genomes of their cultivated counterparts. The 10-volume Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources offers a comprehensive examination of wild crops as a gold mine for breeding. It details the status, origin, distribution, morphology, cytology, genetic diversity and available genetic and genomic resources of numerous wild crop relatives, as well as of their evolution and phylogenetic relationship. Further topics include their role as model plants, genetic erosion and conservation efforts, and their domestication for the purposes of bioenergy, phytomedicines, nutraceuticals and phytoremediation. Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources comprises 10 volumes on cereals, millets and grasses, oilseeds, legume crops and forages, vegetables, temperate fruits, tropical and subtropical fruits, industrial crops, plantation and ornamental crops, and forest trees. It contains 126 chapters contributed by 380 authors from 39 countries.

Author : Muhammad Tehseen Azhar
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128221704
Total Pages : 408 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants written by Muhammad Tehseen Azhar and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-03-10 with total page 408 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wild Germplasm for Genetic Improvement in Crop Plants addresses the need for an integrated reference on a wide variety of crop plants, facilitating comparison and contrast, as well as providing relevant relationships for future research and development. The book presents the genetic and natural history value of wild relatives, covers what wild relatives exist, explores the existing knowledge regarding specific relatives and the research surrounding them and identifies knowledge gaps. As understanding the role of crop wild relatives in plant breeding expands the genetic pool for abiotic and biotic stress resistance, this is an ideal reference on this important topic. Provides a single-volume resource to important crops for accessible comparison and research Explores both conventional and molecular approaches to breeding for targeted traits and allows for expanded genetic variability Guides the development of hybrids for germplasm with increased tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Author : Nusret Zencirci
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031072855
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Ancient Wheats written by Nusret Zencirci and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-29 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wheat (Triticum L.), an annual herbaceous plant in Poacae (Gramineae) family, settles in the Triticeae (Hordeae) subfamily. The grasses (Poaceae Barnhart) are the fifth largest (monocotyledonous flowering) plant family and of great importance for human civilization and life. Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, rice, barley, and millet are the domesticated ones in the family. It is still the most vital economical plant family in modern times, providing food, forage, building materials (bamboo, thatch), and fuel (ethanol). Wheat has many accessions in national and international gene banks. The estimated number of wheats by FAO in 2010 is 856,000, and, followed by rice (774,000), and barley (467,000). However, the recent consumer's (misdirected) focus on gluten content and nutritional value urges scientists to reexamine their knowledge about wheat (i.e., origin, evolution, and general and special quality characteristics), as well as their wild relatives and landraces for newer possible genetic resources. Cultured or non-cultured ancestral wheats: einkorn, emmer, wild emmer, spelt, macha, and vavilovii are still limitedly grown on the higher areas in Turkey, Italy, Germany, Morocco, Israel, and Balkan countries. They are exploited mostly for their desired agronomic, and specific quality. In some cultures, wheat species are believed to be therapeutic, with bioactive compounds that reduce and inhibit stubborn illnesses such as diabetes, cancer, Alzheimer, and cardiovascular diseases. In this book, we summarize the importance of ancestral wheat species, and provide a prospect for their future with special considerations in terms of species conservation and improvement.

Author : Thomas Miedaner
Publisher : Woodhead Publishing
ISBN 13 : 0081022131
Total Pages : 380 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Applications of Genetic and Genomic Research in Cereals written by Thomas Miedaner and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2018-11-19 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Applications of Genetic and Genomic Research in Cereals covers new techniques for practical breeding, also discussing genetic and genomic approaches for improving special traits. Additional sections cover drought tolerance, biotic stress, biomass production, the impact of modern techniques on practical breeding, hybrid breeding, genetic diversity, and genomic selection. Written by an international team of top academics and edited by an expert in the field, this book will be of value to academics working in the agricultural sciences and essential reading for professionals working in plant breeding. Provides in-depth and comprehensive coverage of a rapidly developing field Presents techniques used in genetic and genomics research, with coverage of genotyping, gene cloning, genome editing and engineering and phenotyping in various cereals Includes the latest genetic and genomic approaches for improving special traits - drought tolerance, biotic stress and biomass production Covers breeding practices, with chapters on the genetic diversity of wheat, hybrid breeding and the potential of rye and barley crops

Author : Om Prakash Gupta
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000923509
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.06/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Wheat Science written by Om Prakash Gupta and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-09-04 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Globally, significant work has been done to enhance our current understanding of the nutritional and anti-nutritional properties, processing, storage, bioactivity, and product development of wheat, opening new frontiers for further improvement. Wheat Science: Nutritional and Anti-Nutritional Properties, Processing, Storage, Bioactivity, and Product Development addresses the topics associated with the advances in understanding the wheat biochemical, nutritional, and rheological quality. Improving crop varieties by either conventional breeding or transgenic methods to obtain nutritionally enhanced crops has the advantage of making a one-time investment in research and development to have sustainable products. Features: Includes topics associated with the nutritional composition and anti-nutritional properties Addresses the effects of different processing technologies on flour yield and end products Reviews the effects of storage on nutritional, baking and rheological quality, organoleptic quality, etc. Processing and storage technologies have impacted the nutritional quality and the bioavailability of nutrients in wheat. Due to its peculiar grain protein composition, especially gluten protein, wheat has extensive usage in making numerous end products, eaten round the clock. Researchers have demonstrated a significant effect of alteration of flour-processing technologies on the rheological quality of end products. This book provides a holistic understanding and covers recent developments of wheat science under one umbrella. Emphasis is placed on current trends and advances in nutritional and anti-nutritional properties, processing, storage, bioactivity, and product development. Additionally, efforts have been made to compile the available information on the application of different ingredients of wheat in the industry and pharma sectors.