Cognitive Work Analysis Coping With Complexity

Author : Daniel P. Jenkins
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1317164709
Total Pages : 298 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Cognitive Work Analysis: Coping with Complexity written by Daniel P. Jenkins and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 298 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Complex sociotechnical systems' are systems made up of numerous interacting parts, both human and non-human, operating in dynamic, ambiguous and safety critical domains. Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) is a structured framework specifically developed for considering the development and analysis of these complex socio-technical systems. Unlike many human factors approaches, CWA does not focus on how human-system interaction should proceed (normative modelling) or how human-system interaction currently works (descriptive modelling). Instead, through a focus on constraints, it develops a model of how work can be conducted within a given work domain, without explicitly identifying specific sequences of actions (formative modelling). The framework leads the analyst to consider the environment the task takes place within, and the effect of the imposed constraints on the way work can be conducted. It provides guidance through the process of answering the questions of why the system exists, what activities can be conducted within the domain as well as how these activities can be achieved, and who can perform them. The first part of the book contains a comprehensive description of CWA, introducing it to the uninitiated. It then presents a number of applications in complex military domains to explore and develop the benefits of CWA. Unlike much of the previous literature, particular attention is placed on exploring the CWA framework in its entirety. This holistic approach focuses on the system environment, the activity that takes place within it, the strategies used to conduct this activity, the way in which the constituent parts of the system (both human and non-human) interact and the behaviour required. Each stage of this analysis identifies the constraints governing the system; it is contended that through this holistic understanding of constraints, recommendations can be made for the design of system interaction; increasing the ability of users to cope with unanticipated, unexpected situations. This book discusses the applicability of the approach in system analysis, development and evaluation. It provides process to what was previously a loosely defined framework.

Author : Neville A. Stanton
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1317164733
Total Pages : 605 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Cognitive Work Analysis written by Neville A. Stanton and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-07-14 with total page 605 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) has been one of the popular human factors approaches for complex systems evaluation and design applications. This is reflected by a diverse range of applications across safety critical domains. The book brings together a series of CWA applications and discussions from world-leading human factors researchers and practitioners. It begins with an overview of the CWA framework, including its theoretical underpinnings, the methodological approaches involved (including practical guidance on each phase), and previous applications of the framework. The core of the book is a series of CWA applications, undertaken in a wide range of safety critical domains for a range of purposes. These serve to demonstrate the contribution that CWA can make to real-world projects and provide readers with inspiration for how such analyses can be practically carried out. Following this, a series of applications in which new approaches or adaptations have been added to the framework are presented. These show how practical applications feedback into the theories/approaches underpinning CWA. The closing chapter then speculates on future applications of the framework and on a series of new research directions required in order to enhance its utility. In emphasising the practical realities of performing CWA, and the real-world impacts it can provide, the book tackles several common misconceptions in a constructive and persuasive way. It provides a welcome demonstration of how CWA can be a powerful ally in tackling complexity-related problems that afflict systems in all areas.

Author : Erik Hollnagel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1420038192
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Joint Cognitive Systems written by Erik Hollnagel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-28 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing has been more prolific over the past century than human/machine interaction. Automobiles, telephones, computers, manufacturing machines, robots, office equipment, machines large and small; all affect the very essence of our daily lives. However, this interaction has not always been efficient or easy and has at times turned fairly hazardous.

Author : Raya Fidel
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262300702
Total Pages : 365 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Human Information Interaction written by Raya Fidel and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-03-23 with total page 365 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fresh research approach that bridges the study of human information interaction and the design of information systems. Human information interaction (HII) is an emerging area of study that investigates how people interact with information; its subfield human information behavior (HIB) is a flourishing, active discipline. Yet despite their obvious relevance to the design of information systems, these research areas have had almost no impact on systems design. One issue may be the contextual complexity of human interaction with information; another may be the difficulty in translating real-life and unstructured HII complexity into formal, linear structures necessary for systems design. In this book, Raya Fidel proposes a research approach that bridges the study of human information interaction and the design of information systems: cognitive work analysis (CWA). Developed by Jens Rasmussen and his colleagues, CWA embraces complexity and provides a conceptual framework and analytical tools that can harness it to create design requirements. CWA offers an ecological approach to design, analyzing the forces in the environment that shape human interaction with information. Fidel reviews research in HIB, focusing on its contribution to systems design, and then presents the CWA framework. She shows that CWA, with its ecological approach, can be used to overcome design challenges and lead to the development of effective systems. Researchers and designers who use CWA can increase the diversity of their analytical tools, providing them with an alternative approach when they plan research and design projects. The CWA framework enables a collaboration between design and HII that can create information systems tailored to fit human lives.

Author : Kathleen L. Mosier
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1136945105
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.06/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Informed by Knowledge written by Kathleen L. Mosier and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2011-01-07 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this book is on how experts adapt to complexity, synthesize and interpret information in context, and transform or "fuse" disparate items of information into coherent knowledge. The chapters examine these processes across experts (e.g. global leaders, individuals in extreme environments, managers, police officers, pilots, commanders, doctors, inventors), across contexts (e.g. space and space analogs, corporate organizations, command and control, crisis and crowd management, air traffic control, the operating room, product development), and for both individual and team performance. Successful information integration is a key factor in the success of diverse endeavors, including team attempts to climb Mt. Everest, crowd control in the Middle East, and remote drilling operations. This volume is divided into four sections, each with a specific focus on an area of expert performance, resulting in a text that covers a wide range of useful information. These sections present well-researched discussions, such as: the management of complex situations in various fields and decision contexts; technological and training approaches to facilitate knowledge management by individual experts and expert teams; new or neglected perspectives in expert decision making; and the importance of ‘modeling’ expert performance through techniques and frameworks such as Cognitive Task Analysis, computational architectures based on the notion of causal belief mapping such as ‘Convince Me,’ or the data/frame model of sensemaking. The volume provides essential reading for researchers and practitioners of Naturalistic Decision Making and those who study Expertise; Organizational and Cognitive Psychologists; and researchers and students in Business and Engineering.

Author : John Zinkin
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110670607
Total Pages : 349 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book The Challenge of Sustainability written by John Zinkin and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-08-10 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Challenge of Sustainability: Corporate Governance in a Complicated World reviews the evolution of five types of corporate governance and their different sustainability objectives. It discusses the challenges for boards in achieving sustainability from an environmental, economic, employment, and social perspective and introduces the concept of a political tragedy of the commons if boards do what is in the best interests of their profitability only, without considering their responsibilities and unintended consequences for their stakeholders. It explains how volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity complicate making sustainable decisions. This book explores ways of helping prevent such negative outcomes. John Zinkin asserts the director’s need to reconcile volatility with vision, uncertainty with understanding, complexity with courage and commitment, and ambiguity with adaptability. To prevent a potential political tragedy of the commons, the book suggests new decision-making processes; treating employees differently; and makes the case for reforming capitalism. It is aimed at managers, board members and all those who influence them, including shareholder activists, corporate legal personnel, politicians, activists and general readers interested in applying some of these suggestions in their roles as stakeholders, managers and directors.

Author : John D. Lee
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199757186
Total Pages : 659 pages
Book Rating : 4.83/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Cognitive Engineering written by John D. Lee and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-03-07 with total page 659 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook is the first to provide comprehensive coverage of original state-of-the-science research, analysis, and design of integrated, human-technology systems.

Author : Nicholas Rescher
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781412820080
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.81/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Complexity written by Nicholas Rescher and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1998 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This volume explores the nature of complexity and considers its bearing on our world and how we manage our affairs within it." "Rescher's overall lesson is that the management of our affairs within a socially, technologically, and cognitively complex environment is plagued with vast management problems and risks of mishap. Although Rescher offers a sobering outlook, he also believes that complexity entails mixed blessings: our imperfect knowledge provides a rationale for putting forth our best efforts. This volume will be of interest to those interested in philosophy, the philosophy of science, science policy studies, and future studies." --Book Jacket.

Author : Ann M. Bisantz
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 0805861513
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.18/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Applications of Cognitive Work Analysis written by Ann M. Bisantz and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2008-10-29 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite continued interest in Cognitive Work Analysis (CWA) techniques for the analysis and design of complex, human-technology systems, few published accounts exist that document all of the five recommended phases of CWA in real world applications. Delineating a work-centered conceptual framework that guides the design of technology, Applications of Cognitive Work Analysis provides the understanding necessary to apply these robust techniques to real world, large scale system design problems in a variety of domains. The book provides a complete CWA analysis for a complex, simulated air traffic control environment and a three phase analysis of an actual healthcare system. It includes detailed applications of work domain, control tasks, and strategies analysis for systems including military command and control, transportation, and emergency management. The contributors present discussions and examples of techniques drawn from research and design traditions other than CWA that can be used to complement and enrich CWA analyses in areas of social and organization analysis, and knowledge and skills analysis. They emphasize important theoretical and application oriented advances in CWA related to the integration of CWA within a larger system design. The concluding chapter examines the progress of CWA as a cognitive engineering tool, then outlines its theoretical underpinnings and a path for the future of this approach. The book demonstrates how these methods can be applied in complex, real world design contexts, subject to constraints of cost, time, and information. It shows the how, when, and where CWA techniques can be integrated into the systems engineering design process and provides concrete evidence for the value that the CWA approach provides in every domain.

Author : Paul Cilliers
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134743297
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.92/5 ( download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Download or read book Complexity and Postmodernism written by Paul Cilliers and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Complexity and Postmodernism, Paul Cilliers explores the idea of complexity in the light of contemporary perspectives from philosophy and science. Cilliers offers us a unique approach to understanding complexity and computational theory by integrating postmodern theory (like that of Derrida and Lyotard) into his discussion. Complexity and Postmodernism is an exciting and an original book that should be read by anyone interested in gaining a fresh understanding of complexity, postmodernism and connectionism.