Why The Dose Matters

Author : Urs A. Boelsterli
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1000861414
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.19/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Why the Dose Matters written by Urs A. Boelsterli and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2023-04-18 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each day we are exposed to a myriad of natural and human-made chemicals in our food, drinking water, air, soil, at home or at the workplace—pesticide residues, food additives, drugs, household products—but how can we gauge the human health risk posed by these chemicals? Should we believe the somber headlines that depict a serious threat for humans and the environment, or should we follow the reassuring voices of others who claim that the angst is totally unfounded? Why the Dose Matters: Assessing the Health Risk of Exposure to Toxicants uses a rational, science-based approach to explain in plain language that a quantitative view is key for understanding and predicting potentially toxic effects of chemicals. Key Features: Explains the basics of toxicology in easily understandable terms. Includes numerous examples. Clears up common misconceptions and dispels myths. Provides take-home messages for each chapter. This book is aimed at interested laypeople. It uses numerous examples to illustrate the basic concepts and ensure that the reader will get a better understanding of why not only the hazard but also the overall exposure will determine whether some chemicals pose a serious risk while others are of little or negligible concern.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309120462
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.63/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Science and Decisions written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-03-24 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Risk assessment has become a dominant public policy tool for making choices, based on limited resources, to protect public health and the environment. It has been instrumental to the mission of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as other federal agencies in evaluating public health concerns, informing regulatory and technological decisions, prioritizing research needs and funding, and in developing approaches for cost-benefit analysis. However, risk assessment is at a crossroads. Despite advances in the field, risk assessment faces a number of significant challenges including lengthy delays in making complex decisions; lack of data leading to significant uncertainty in risk assessments; and many chemicals in the marketplace that have not been evaluated and emerging agents requiring assessment. Science and Decisions makes practical scientific and technical recommendations to address these challenges. This book is a complement to the widely used 1983 National Academies book, Risk Assessment in the Federal Government (also known as the Red Book). The earlier book established a framework for the concepts and conduct of risk assessment that has been adopted by numerous expert committees, regulatory agencies, and public health institutions. The new book embeds these concepts within a broader framework for risk-based decision-making. Together, these are essential references for those working in the regulatory and public health fields.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 9780309102834
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-01-08 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trichloroethylene is a chlorinated solvent widely used as a degreasing agent in industrial and manufacturing settings. It is also used as a chemical intermediate in making other chemicals and is a component of products such as typewriter correction fluid, paint removers, adhesives, and spot removers. In 2001, EPA issued a draft health risk assessment and proposed exposure standards for trichloroethylene. PA's Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) reviewed the draft and it was issued for public comment. A number of scientific issues were raised during the course of these reviews. Assessing the Human Health Risks of Trichloroethylene identifies and assesses the key scientific issues relevant to analyzing the human health risks of trichloroethylene, considering pertinent toxicologic, epidemiologic, population susceptibility, and other available information, including relevant published scientific literature, EPA's 2001 draft health risk assessment of trichloroethylene, scientific and technical comments received by EPA from public and private sources, and additional relevant information to be provided by the sponsoring agencies. This report highlights issues critical to the development of an objective, realistic, and scientifically balanced trichloroethylene health risk assessment. Guidance for hazard characterization of trichloroethylene is presented in Chapters 2 through 10. Chapter 2 provides guidance for evaluating large sets of epidemiologic data. In Chapter 3, the committee applies this guidance as an example in its evaluation of the epidemiologic data on trichloroethylene and kidney cancer, and this example should help guide evaluations of other cancer risks. Chapter 3 also assesses new information on the kidney toxicity of trichloroethylene and its metabolites and potential modes of action. Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 evaluate the key issues regarding liver toxicity and cancer, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, respiratory tract toxicity and cancer, and immunotoxicity, respectively. However, the committee's review focused on mode-of-action information to understand how trichloroethylene might affect certain processes differently in different species. Chapter 9 discusses susceptibility to trichloroethylene and its metabolites, and Chapter 10 describes important factors in considering trichloroethylene in mixtures. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic models are evaluated in Chapter 11, and guidance is provided on future directions for model development. Finally, Chapter 12 considers issues related to dose-response assessment and quantitative assessment of risk.

Author : Adrian Kilcoyne
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191510394
Total Pages : 473 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Pharmaceutical Medicine written by Adrian Kilcoyne and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2013-05-23 with total page 473 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The breadth of the pharmaceutical medicine can be daunting, but this book is designed to navigate a path through the speciality. Providing a broad overview of all topics relevant to the discipline of pharmaceutical medicine, it gives you the facts fast, in a user-friendly format, without having to dive through page upon page of dense text. With 136 chapters spread across 8 sections, the text offers a thorough grounding in issues ranging from medicines regulation to clinical trial design and data management. This makes it a useful revision aid for exams as well as giving you a taster of areas of pharmaceutical medicine adjacent to your current role. For healthcare professionals already working in the field, this book offers a guiding hand in difficult situations as well as supplying rapid access to the latest recommendations and guidelines. Written by authors with experience in the industry and drug regulation, this comprehensive and authoritative guide provides a shoulder to lean on throughout your pharmaceutical career.

Author : Ronald J. Tallarida
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468462652
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.54/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Dose—Response Relation in Pharmacology written by Ronald J. Tallarida and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is designed to meet the modern need for a better understanding of drug-receptor interaction as applied to the gathering and interpretation of dose-response data. It is an introduction suitable for any student who has had a first course in pharmacology. This book is an extension of the pharmacology course into one area of what is now known as molecular pharmacology. The material included is an outgrowth of courses that we have given in recent years to health-science students in several professional schools and universities. The area of drug-receptor theory, although just a part of molecular phar macology, is already very broad. One major line of investigation is concerned with the chemical and structural nature of specific receptors and with efforts to isolate specific receptors. Another line of investigation is concerned with the kinetic theories of drug-receptor interaction, the effort there being to provide a general theory that is applicable to wide classes of drugs. We have chosen to deal with the latter. There are several reasons for our choice of topics. First, the information is very practical; that is, it permits one to use properly and consistently terms such as "efficacy," "partial agonist," "pure antagonist," "potency," "pA2'" etc., when describing drug action. Second, many students fail to appreciate the differences in and the limitations of the various theories, beginning with the classical theory of A. J. Clark, on up to the very recent allosteric theories.

Author : Naitee Ting
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387337067
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.67/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Dose Finding in Drug Development written by Naitee Ting and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-12-29 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: If you have ever wondered when visiting the pharmacy how the dosage of your prescription is determined this book will answer your questions. Dosing information on drug labels is based on discussion between the pharmaceutical manufacturer and the drug regulatory agency, and the label is a summary of results obtained from many scientific experiments. The book introduces the drug development process, the design and the analysis of clinical trials. Many of the discussions are based on applications of statistical methods in the design and analysis of dose response studies. Important procedural steps from a pharmaceutical industry perspective are also examined.

Author : Robert C. Bast, Jr.
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111900084X
Total Pages : 2008 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates

Author : Jennifer Hamborsky, MPH, MCHES
Publisher : Public Health Foundation
ISBN 13 : 0990449122
Total Pages : 512 pages
Book Rating : 4.26/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 13th Edition E-Book written by Jennifer Hamborsky, MPH, MCHES and published by Public Health Foundation. This book was released on 2015-10-19 with total page 512 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Public Health Foundation (PHF) in partnership with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is pleased to announce the availability of Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases, 13th Edition or “The Pink Book” E-Book. This resource provides the most current, comprehensive, and credible information on vaccine-preventable diseases, and contains updated content on immunization and vaccine information for public health practitioners, healthcare providers, health educators, pharmacists, nurses, and others involved in administering vaccines. “The Pink Book E-Book” allows you, your staff, and others to have quick access to features such as keyword search and chapter links. Online schedules and sources can also be accessed directly through e-readers with internet access. Current, credible, and comprehensive, “The Pink Book E-Book” contains information on each vaccine-preventable disease and delivers immunization providers with the latest information on: Principles of vaccination General recommendations on immunization Vaccine safety Child/adult immunization schedules International vaccines/Foreign language terms Vaccination data and statistics The E-Book format contains all of the information and updates that are in the print version, including: · New vaccine administration chapter · New recommendations regarding selection of storage units and temperature monitoring tools · New recommendations for vaccine transport · Updated information on available influenza vaccine products · Use of Tdap in pregnancy · Use of Tdap in persons 65 years of age or older · Use of PCV13 and PPSV23 in adults with immunocompromising conditions · New licensure information for varicella-zoster immune globulin Contact [email protected] for more information. For more news and specials on immunization and vaccines visit the Pink Book's Facebook fan page

Author : M. Alice Ottoboni
Publisher : Wiley
ISBN 13 : 9780471288374
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.73/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Dose Makes the Poison written by M. Alice Ottoboni and published by Wiley. This book was released on 1997-05-15 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Dose Makes the Poison A Plain-Language Guide to Toxicology Second Edition M. Alice Ottoboni Increasing media coverage of reports on the effects of chemicals, new recognition within government and industry of the need to protect against exposure, and other current issues are elevating the public's concern about the health effects of synthetic chemicals in our environment. Unfortunately, much of this concern is based more on sensational news reports and half-truths than on scientific facts. This second edition of a widely read and highly acclaimed work reviews and explains the facts of chemical dangers in a clear and understandable manner. It objectively discusses the factors determining whether chemicals in our air, food, and water are harmful or harmless, and puts the dose - response relationship of chemicals in proper perspective. Effects of chemicals encountered at home and at work are presented in layman's language to assure understanding without having to turn to other references. Thoughtful discussions of controversial issues help you to understand news media reports on toxicology, avoid the half-truths that lead to "poison paranoia," and make informed judgments about our use and control of chemicals. Extensively revised, the second edition is also reorganized to expedite access to specific information. All experimental and analytical methods are in one section, and references to the origins of toxicology and regulation of chemicals are in another separate section to improve ease of reading. In addition, coverage of subjects such as public distrust of science, epidemiology, reproductive toxicology, and risk have been expanded to provide a better understanding of the relationship of toxicology to current environmental problems. All aspects of exposure and its effects are reviewed, including * How chemicals cause harm--toxicity, sensitization, corrosiveness, irritation, radioactivity, and other properties * Routes of exposure--skin, inhalation, oral, and combinations * Factors that influence degree of toxicity--species, age, sex, nutrition, state of health, presence of other chemicals, adaptation, and possibly, light * Chemicals that cause cancer and birth defects Chapters on toxicity of chemicals address no-effect levels and thresholds, margins of safety, and bioaccumulation. You'll see how the effects of chemicals are studied and how health problems are traced to environmental causes. Also clarified are differences between actual risk and perceived risk of various chemicals. With the media presenting us daily with new findings on chemical risks, this book provides a welcome "antidote" to the confusion. The Dose Makes the Poison is an easy-to-read review of toxicology that has become "required reading" for scientists and managers throughout industry; public health officials; environmental scientists; industrial hygienists; hazardous waste workers ; and anyone who wishes to improve his or her understanding of toxic chemicals without taking the time to go back to school.

Author : Steven Pinker
Publisher : Penguin UK
ISBN 13 : 0241380308
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.07/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Rationality written by Steven Pinker and published by Penguin UK. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A TIMES BOOK OF THE YEAR 2021 'Punchy, funny and invigorating ... Pinker is the high priest of rationalism' Sunday Times 'If you've ever considered taking drugs to make yourself smarter, read Rationality instead. It's cheaper, more entertaining, and more effective' Jonathan Haidt, author of The Righteous Mind In the twenty-first century, humanity is reaching new heights of scientific understanding - and at the same time appears to be losing its mind. How can a species that discovered vaccines for Covid-19 in less than a year produce so much fake news, quack cures and conspiracy theorizing? In Rationality, Pinker rejects the cynical cliché that humans are simply an irrational species - cavemen out of time fatally cursed with biases, fallacies and illusions. After all, we discovered the laws of nature, lengthened and enriched our lives and set the benchmarks for rationality itself. Instead, he explains, we think in ways that suit the low-tech contexts in which we spend most of our lives, but fail to take advantage of the powerful tools of reasoning we have built up over millennia: logic, critical thinking, probability, causal inference, and decision-making under uncertainty. These tools are not a standard part of our educational curricula, and have never been presented clearly and entertainingly in a single book - until now. Rationality matters. It leads to better choices in our lives and in the public sphere, and is the ultimate driver of social justice and moral progress. Brimming with insight and humour, Rationality will enlighten, inspire and empower. 'A terrific book, much-needed for our time' Peter Singer