Proofs And Refutations

Author : Imre Lakatos
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521290388
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Proofs and Refutations written by Imre Lakatos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1976 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proofs and Refutations is for those interested in the methodology, philosophy and history of mathematics.

Author : Imre Lakatos
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107268109
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Proofs and Refutations written by Imre Lakatos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proofs and Refutations is essential reading for all those interested in the methodology, the philosophy and the history of mathematics. Much of the book takes the form of a discussion between a teacher and his students. They propose various solutions to some mathematical problems and investigate the strengths and weaknesses of these solutions. Their discussion (which mirrors certain real developments in the history of mathematics) raises some philosophical problems and some problems about the nature of mathematical discovery or creativity. Imre Lakatos is concerned throughout to combat the classical picture of mathematical development as a steady accumulation of established truths. He shows that mathematics grows instead through a richer, more dramatic process of the successive improvement of creative hypotheses by attempts to 'prove' them and by criticism of these attempts: the logic of proofs and refutations.

Author : Imre Lakatos
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521290388
Total Pages : 188 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Proofs and Refutations written by Imre Lakatos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 1976-01-01 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proofs and Refutations is essential reading for all those interested in the methodology, the philosophy and the history of mathematics. Much of the book takes the form of a discussion between a teacher and his students. They propose various solutions to some mathematical problems and investigate the strengths and weaknesses of these solutions. Their discussion (which mirrors certain real developments in the history of mathematics) raises some philosophical problems and some problems about the nature of mathematical discovery or creativity. Imre Lakatos is concerned throughout to combat the classical picture of mathematical development as a steady accumulation of established truths. He shows that mathematics grows instead through a richer, more dramatic process of the successive improvement of creative hypotheses by attempts to 'prove' them and by criticism of these attempts: the logic of proofs and refutations.

Author : Arie Hinkis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3034802242
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Proofs of the Cantor-Bernstein Theorem written by Arie Hinkis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-02-26 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers an excursion through the developmental area of research mathematics. It presents some 40 papers, published between the 1870s and the 1970s, on proofs of the Cantor-Bernstein theorem and the related Bernstein division theorem. While the emphasis is placed on providing accurate proofs, similar to the originals, the discussion is broadened to include aspects that pertain to the methodology of the development of mathematics and to the philosophy of mathematics. Works of prominent mathematicians and logicians are reviewed, including Cantor, Dedekind, Schröder, Bernstein, Borel, Zermelo, Poincaré, Russell, Peano, the Königs, Hausdorff, Sierpinski, Tarski, Banach, Brouwer and several others mainly of the Polish and the Dutch schools. In its attempt to present a diachronic narrative of one mathematical topic, the book resembles Lakatos’ celebrated book Proofs and Refutations. Indeed, some of the observations made by Lakatos are corroborated herein. The analogy between the two books is clearly anything but superficial, as the present book also offers new theoretical insights into the methodology of the development of mathematics (proof-processing), with implications for the historiography of mathematics.

Author : Imre Lakatos
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107113466
Total Pages : 197 pages
Book Rating : 4.66/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Proofs and Refutations written by Imre Lakatos and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-10-15 with total page 197 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This influential book discusses the nature of mathematical discovery, development, methodology and practice, forming Imre Lakatos's theory of 'proofs and refutations'.

Author : Imre Lakatos
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226467031
Total Pages : 465 pages
Book Rating : 4.30/5 ( download)

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Download or read book For and Against Method written by Imre Lakatos and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2010-05-27 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work that helped to determine Paul Feyerabend's fame and notoriety, Against Method, stemmed from Imre Lakatos's challenge: "In 1970 Imre cornered me at a party. 'Paul,' he said, 'you have such strange ideas. Why don't you write them down? I shall write a reply, we publish the whole thing and I promise you—we shall have a lot of fun.' " Although Lakatos died before he could write his reply, For and Against Method reconstructs his original counter-arguments from lectures and correspondence previously unpublished in English, allowing us to enjoy the "fun" two of this century's most eminent philosophers had, matching their wits and ideas on the subject of the scientific method. For and Against Method opens with an imaginary dialogue between Lakatos and Feyerabend, which Matteo Motterlini has constructed, based on their published works, to synthesize their positions and arguments. Part one presents the transcripts of the last lectures on method that Lakatos delivered. Part two, Feyerabend's response, consists of a previously published essay on anarchism, which began the attack on Lakatos's position that Feyerabend later continued in Against Method. The third and longest section consists of the correspondence Lakatos and Feyerabend exchanged on method and many other issues and ideas, as well as the events of their daily lives, between 1968 and Lakatos's death in 1974. The delight Lakatos and Feyerabend took in philosophical debate, and the relish with which they sparred, come to life again in For and Against Method, making it essential and lively reading for anyone interested in these two fascinating and controversial thinkers and their immense contributions to philosophy of science. "The writings in this volume are of considerable intellectual importance, and will be of great interest to anyone concerned with the development of the philosophical views of Lakatos and Feyerabend, or indeed with the development of philosophy of science in general during this crucial period."—Donald Gillies, British Journal for the Philosophy of Science (on the Italian edition) "A stimulating exchange of letters between two philosophical entertainers."—Tariq Ali, The Independent Imre Lakatos (1922-1974) was professor of logic at the London School of Economics. He was the author of Proofs and Refutations and the two-volume Philosophical Papers. Paul Feyerabend (1924-1994) was educated in Europe and held numerous teaching posts throughout his career. Among his books are Against Method; Science in a Free Society; Farewell to Reason; and Killing Time: The Autobiography of Paul Feyerabend, the last published by the University of Chicago Press.

Author : R.S. Michalski
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 366212405X
Total Pages : 564 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Machine Learning written by R.S. Michalski and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 564 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ability to learn is one of the most fundamental attributes of intelligent behavior. Consequently, progress in the theory and computer modeling of learn ing processes is of great significance to fields concerned with understanding in telligence. Such fields include cognitive science, artificial intelligence, infor mation science, pattern recognition, psychology, education, epistemology, philosophy, and related disciplines. The recent observance of the silver anniversary of artificial intelligence has been heralded by a surge of interest in machine learning-both in building models of human learning and in understanding how machines might be endowed with the ability to learn. This renewed interest has spawned many new research projects and resulted in an increase in related scientific activities. In the summer of 1980, the First Machine Learning Workshop was held at Carnegie-Mellon University in Pittsburgh. In the same year, three consecutive issues of the Inter national Journal of Policy Analysis and Information Systems were specially devoted to machine learning (No. 2, 3 and 4, 1980). In the spring of 1981, a special issue of the SIGART Newsletter No. 76 reviewed current research projects in the field. . This book contains tutorial overviews and research papers representative of contemporary trends in the area of machine learning as viewed from an artificial intelligence perspective. As the first available text on this subject, it is intended to fulfill several needs.

Author : Karl Raimund Popper
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780415285940
Total Pages : 614 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Conjectures and Refutations written by Karl Raimund Popper and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002 with total page 614 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Conjectures and Refutations is one of Karl Popper's most wide-ranging and popular works, notable not only for its acute insight into the way scientific knowledge grows, but also for applying those insights to politics and to history. It provides one of the clearest and most accessible statements of the fundamental idea that guided his work: not only our knowledge, but our aims and our standards, grow through an unending process of trial and error.

Author : Karl Popper
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134470029
Total Pages : 545 pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Logic of Scientific Discovery written by Karl Popper and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-11-04 with total page 545 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work of 'great originality and power', this book revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as the now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists, as well as post-war philosophy. This astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.

Author : John Kadvany
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822380447
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.43/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Imre Lakatos and the Guises of Reason written by John Kadvany and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2001-04-09 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Hungarian émigré Imre Lakatos (1922–1974) earned a worldwide reputation through the influential philosophy of science debates involving Thomas Kuhn, Paul Feyerabend, and Sir Karl Popper. In Imre Lakatos and the Guises of Reason John Kadvany shows that embedded in Lakatos’s English-language work is a remarkable historical philosophy rooted in his Hungarian past. Below the surface of his life as an Anglo-American philosopher of science and mathematics, Lakatos covertly introduced novel transformations of Hegelian and Marxist ideas about historiography, skepticism, criticism, and rationality. Lakatos escaped Hungary following the failed 1956 Revolution. Before then, he had been an influential Communist intellectual and was imprisoned for years by the Stalinist regime. He also wrote a lost doctoral thesis in the philosophy of science and participated in what was criminal behavior in all but a legal sense. Kadvany argues that this intellectual and political past animates Lakatos’s English-language philosophy, and that, whether intended or not, Lakatos integrated a penetrating vision of Hegelian ideas with rigorous analysis of mathematical proofs and controversial histories of science. Including new applications of Lakatos’s ideas to the histories of mathematical logic and economics and providing lucid exegesis of many of Hegel’s basic ideas, Imre Lakatos and the Guises of Reason is an exciting reconstruction of ideas and episodes from the history of philosophy, science, mathematics, and modern political history.