Markets And Organization

Author : John F. Padgett
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691148872
Total Pages : 607 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Emergence of Organizations and Markets written by John F. Padgett and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-14 with total page 607 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The social sciences have sophisticated models of choice and equilibrium but little understanding of the emergence of novelty. Where do new alternatives, new organizational forms, and new types of people come from? Combining biochemical insights about the origin of life with innovative and historically oriented social network analyses, John Padgett and Walter Powell develop a theory about the emergence of organizational, market, and biographical novelty from the coevolution of multiple social networks. In the short run, they argue, actors make relations, but in the long run, they argue, actors make actors. Organizational novelty arises from spillover across intertwined networks, which tips reproducing biographical and production flows. This theory is developed through formal deductive modeling and through a wide range of careful and original historical case studies, ranging from early capitalism and state formation, to the transformation of communism, to the emergence of contemporary biotechnology and Silicon Vally. -- from back cover.

Author : Oliver E. Williamson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.06/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Markets and Hierarchies written by Oliver E. Williamson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study analyzes organization of economic activity within and between markets and hierarchies. It considers the transaction to be the ultimate unit of microeconomic analysis, and defines hierarchical transactions as ones for which a single administrative entity spans both sides of the transaction, some form of subordination prevails and, typically, consolidated ownership obtains. Discusses the advantages of the transactional approach by examining three issues: price discrimination, insurance, and vertical integration. Develops the concept of the organizational failure framework, and demonstrates why it is always the combination of human with environmental factors, not either taken by itself, that causes transactional problems. The study also describes each of the transactional relations of interest, and presents the advantages of internal organization with respect to the transactional condition. The analysis explains why primary work groups of the peer group and simple hierarchy types arise. The same transactional factor which impede autonomous contracting between individuals also impede market exchange between technologically separable work groups. Peer groups can be understood as an internal organizational response to the frictions of intermediate product markets, while conglomerate organization can be seen as a response to failures in the capital market. In both contexts, the same human factors, such as bounded rationality and opportunism, occur. Examines the reasons for and properties of the employment relation, which is commonly associated with voluntary subordination. The analysis attempts better to assess the employment relation in circumstances where workers acquire, during the course of the employment, significant job-specific skills and knowledge. The study compares alternative labor-contracting modes and demonstrates that collective organization is helpful in enhancing the acquisition of idiosyncratic knowledge and skills by the work force. The study then examines more complex structures -- the movement from simple hierarchies to the vertical integration of firms, then multidivisional structures, conglomerates, monopolies and oligopolies. Discusses the market structure in relation to technical and organizational innovation. The study proposes a systems approach to the innovation process. Its purpose is to permit the realization of the distinctive advantages of both small and large firms which apply at different stages of the innovation process. The analysis also examines the relation of organizational innovation to technological innovation. (AT).

Author : Richard N. Langlois
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134804962
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.62/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Firms, Markets and Economic Change written by Richard N. Langlois and published by Routledge. This book was released on 1995-07-06 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traditonal western forms of corporate organization have been called into question by the success of Japanese keiretsu. Firms, Markets and Economic Change draws on industrial economics, business strategy, and economic history to develop an evolutionary model to show when innovation is best undertaken. The authors argue that innovation is a complex p

Author : Keith Roberts
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231526857
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.52/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Origins of Business, Money, and Markets written by Keith Roberts and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: To understand business and its political, cultural, and economic context, it helps to view it historically, yet most business histories look no further back than the nineteenth century. The full sweep of business history actually begins much earlier, with the initial cities of Mesopotamia. In the first book to describe and explain these origins, Roberts depicts the society of ancient traders and consumers, tracing the roots of modern business and underscoring the relationship between early and modern business practice. Roberts's narrative begins before business, which he defines as selling to voluntary buyers at a profit. Before business, he shows, the material conditions and concepts for the pursuit of profit did not exist, even though trade and manufacturing took place. The earliest business, he suggests, arose with the long distance trade of early Mesopotamia, and expanded into retail, manufacturing and finance in these command economies, culminating in the Middle Eastern empires. (Part One) But it was the largely independent rise of business, money, and markets in classical Greece that produced business much as we know it. Alexander the Great's conquests and the societies that his successors created in their kingdoms brought a version of this system to the old Middle Eastern empires, and beyond. (Part Two) At Rome this entrepreneurial market system gained important new features, including business corporations, public contracting, and even shopping malls. The story concludes with the sharp decline of business after the 3rd century CE. (Part Three) In each part, Roberts portrays the major new types of business coming into existence. He weaves these descriptions into a narrative of how the prevailing political, economic, and social culture shaped the nature and importance of business and the status, wealth, and treatment of business people. Throughout, the discussion indicates how much (and how little) business has changed, provides a clear picture of what business actually is, presents a model for understanding the social impact of business as a whole, and yields stimulating insights for public policy today.

Author : Malcolm Morley
Publisher : Kogan Page Publishers
ISBN 13 : 0749471530
Total Pages : 274 pages
Book Rating : 4.38/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Understanding Markets and Strategy written by Malcolm Morley and published by Kogan Page Publishers. This book was released on 2014-08-03 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to expand your business in existing and into new and diverse markets, it is vital that strategies and plans can be developed with realistic prospects of success. Understanding Markets and Strategy explains the context, meaning and value of markets. It shows you how to analyze them, develop appropriate strategies and respond appropriately to changing competitive dynamics, ensuring that resources are used to create the greatest chances of success. Debunking myths around how markets are defined, it explores how to exploit the assets you currently possess and how to develop new assets for the target market. It also explores the implications for the strategies, resources, competencies and capabilities of expansion into international territories on your organization. The author explains, with practical tools and techniques, how marketing needs to be a product of, and consistent with, strategic competitive and corporate analysis. Ideal for Directors and senior managers as well as strategic planners and marketing managers, it provides you with everything you need to understand markets and to create a strategic context for the development of credible and robust commercial strategies and plans to exploit them.

Author : Oliver E. Williamson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780814792407
Total Pages : 310 pages
Book Rating : 4.05/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Economic Organization written by Oliver E. Williamson and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Paul Belleflamme
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139485245
Total Pages : 725 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Industrial Organization written by Paul Belleflamme and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-07 with total page 725 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Industrial Organization: Markets and Strategies provides an up-to-date account of modern industrial organization that blends theory with real-world applications. Written in a clear and accessible style, it acquaints the reader with the most important models for understanding strategies chosen by firms with market power and shows how such firms adapt to different market environments. It covers a wide range of topics including recent developments on product bundling, branding strategies, restrictions in vertical supply relationships, intellectual property protection, and two-sided markets, to name just a few. Models are presented in detail and the main results are summarized as lessons. Formal theory is complemented throughout by real-world cases that show students how it applies to actual organizational settings. The book is accompanied by a website containing a number of additional resources for lecturers and students, including exercises, answers to review questions, case material and slides.

Author : Patricia H. Thornton
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780804740210
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Markets from Culture written by Patricia H. Thornton and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Institutional logics, the underlying governing principles of societal sectors, strongly influence organizational decision making. Any shift in institutional logics results in a similar shift in attention to alternative problems and solutions and in new determinants for executive decisions. Examining changes in institutional logics in higher-education publishing, this book links cultural analysis with organizational decision making to develop a theory of attention and explain how executives concentrate on certain market characteristics to the exclusion of others. Analyzing both qualitative and quantitative data from the 1950s to the 1990s, the author shows how higher education publishing moved from a culture of independent domestic publishers focused on creating markets for books based on personal, relational networks to a culture of international conglomerates that create markets from corporate hierarchies. This book offers broader lessons beyond publishing--its theory is applicable to explaining institutional changes in organizational leadership, strategy, and structure occurring in all professional services industries.

Author : James E. Rauch
Publisher : Russell Sage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1610444671
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.75/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Networks and Markets written by James E. Rauch and published by Russell Sage Foundation. This book was released on 2001-06-21 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Networks and Markets argues that economists' knowledge of markets and sociologists' rich understanding of networks can and should be combined. Together they can help us achieve a more coherent view of economic life, where transactions follow both the logic of economic incentives and the established channels of personal relationships. Market exchange is impersonal, episodic, and carried out at arm's length. All that matters is how much the seller is asking, and how much the buyer is offering. An economic network, by contrast, is based upon more personalized and enduring relationships between people tied together by more than just price. Networks and Markets focuses on how the two concepts relate to each other: Are social networks an essential precondition for successful markets, or do networks arise naturally out of markets, as faceless traders build reputations and gain confidence in each other? The book includes contributions by both sociologists and economists, applying the concepts of markets and networks to concrete empirical phenomena. Among the topics analyzed, the book explains how, in Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan, firms combine into tightly-knit business blocs, how wholesalers in a Marseille fish market earn the loyalty of customers, and how ethnic retailers in the U.S. share valuable market information with other shopkeepers from their ethnic group. A response to each chapter discusses the issue from the standpoint of the other discipline. Sociologists are challenged to go beyond small-scale economic exchange and to integrate their concept of networks into a broader understanding of the economic system as a whole, while economists are challenged to consider the economic implications of network ties, which can be strong or weak, unconditional or highly contingent. This book proves that both economics and sociology provide stronger insights when they study markets and networks as parallel forms of exchange. But it also clarifies the healthy division of labor that remains between the two disciplines. Sociologists are adept at showing how markets are framed by social institutions; economists specialize in explaining how markets perform, taking the social context as a given. Networks and Markets showcases what each discipline does best and reveals where each discipline would do better by borrowing from the other.

Author : George S Day
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 0684872897
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.96/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Market Driven Organization written by George S Day and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 1999-11-19 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For forty years managers have been exhorted to "stay close to the customer and ahead of the competition." And with good reason Research now shows that market driven organizations outperform their rivals. Given the obvious benefits, why do so many companies fail to become market driven? Because their internal processes, structures, incentives, and controls get in the way, says George Day, one of the world's leading authorities on mar keting Strategy. Building on his pathbreaking book Market Driven Strategy and a decade of experience in coaching firms to deliver superior customer value, Day presents for the first time a battle tested hame work for creating the market-driven organization. In eminently readable prose, Day argues that in successful market driven organizations, three key elements -- capabilities, culture, and configuration -- are aligned to the market. Day explores the distinctive market sensing and market relating capabilities that are at the heart of the market-driven companies. He draws on examples of such market-driven firms as Intuit, Wal-Mart, Virgin Airlines, Disney, and Gillette to illustrate how intimate knowledge of their customers and markets gives these firms a powerful advantage over rivals. By contrast, Day shows how failure to align the organization to the market can result in such mishaps as IBM's loss of leadership of the computer market or Motorola's stumble in shifting from analog to digital cellular phone systems. Using case studies of Owens Corning, Sears, and the Eurotunnel, Day provides a concise roadmap to managers who want to strengthen the orientation of their organizations to the market. He concludes with a detailed diagnostic questionnaire to help managers assess their own progress Here at last are all the insights and tools necessary to construct a company with superior skills for understanding, attracting, and keeping valuable customers.