Bedouin Bureaucrats

Author : Nora Barakat
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503635635
Total Pages : 433 pages
Book Rating : 4.30/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Bedouin Bureaucrats written by Nora Barakat and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2023-04-25 with total page 433 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the late nineteenth century, the Ottoman government sought to fill landscapes they legally defined as "empty." Both land and people were incorporated into territorially bounded grids of administrative law. Bedouin Bureaucrats examines how tent-dwelling, seasonally migrating Bedouin engaged in these processes of Ottoman state transformation on local, imperial, and global scales. As the "tribe" became a category of Ottoman administration, Bedouin in the Syrian interior used this category both to gain political influence and to organize community resistance to maintain control over land. Narrating the lives of Bedouin individuals involved in Ottoman administration, Nora Elizabeth Barakat brings this population to the center of modern state-making, from their involvement in the pilgrimage administration in the eighteenth century and their performance of land registration and taxation as the Ottoman bureaucracy expanded in the nineteenth, to their eventual rejection of Ottoman attempts to reallocate the "empty land" they inhabited in the twentieth. She places the Syrian interior in a global context of imperial expansion into regions formerly deemed marginal, especially in relation to American and Russian empires. Ultimately, the book illuminates Ottoman state formation attempts within Bedouin communities and the unique trajectory of Bedouin in Syria, who maintained their control over land.

Author : Vladimir Hamed-Troyansky
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503637751
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Empire of Refugees written by Vladimir Hamed-Troyansky and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2024-02-20 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between the 1850s and World War I, about one million North Caucasian Muslims sought refuge in the Ottoman Empire. This resettlement of Muslim refugees from Russia changed the Ottoman state. Circassians, Chechens, Dagestanis, and others established hundreds of refugee villages throughout the Ottoman Balkans, Anatolia, and the Levant. Most villages still exist today, including what is now the city of Amman. Muslim refugee resettlement reinvigorated regional economies, but also intensified competition over land and, at times, precipitated sectarian tensions, setting in motion fundamental shifts in the borderlands of the Russian and Ottoman empires. Empire of Refugees reframes late Ottoman history through mass displacement and reveals the origins of refugee resettlement in the modern Middle East. Vladimir Hamed-Troyansky offers a historiographical corrective: the nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire created a refugee regime, predating refugee systems set up by the League of Nations and the United Nations. Grounded in archival research in over twenty public and private archives across ten countries, this book contests the boundaries typically assumed between forced and voluntary migration, and refugees and immigrants, rewriting the history of Muslim migration in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.

Author : Fida J. Adely
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226833933
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Working Women in Jordan written by Fida J. Adely and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2024-06-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A surprising look at the meaningful social changes in Jordan as lived and navigated by educated women. Jordan has witnessed tremendous societal transformation in its relatively short history. Today it has one of the most highly educated populations in the region, and women have outnumbered and outperformed their male counterparts for more than a decade. Yet, despite their education and professional status, many women still struggle to build a secure future and a life befitting of their aspirations. In Working Women in Jordan anthropologist Fida J. Adely turns to college-educated women in Jordan who migrate from rural provinces to Amman for employment opportunities. Building on twelve years of ethnographic research and extensive interviews with dozens of women, as well as some of their family members, Adely analyzes the effects of developments such as expanded educational opportunities, urbanization, privatization, and the restructuring of the labor market on women’s life trajectories, gender roles, the institution of marriage, and kinship relations. Through these rich narrative accounts and the analysis of broader socio-economic shifts, Adely explains how educational structures can act as both facilitators and obstacles to workforce entry—along with cascading consequences for family and social life. Deeply thorough and compelling, Working Women in Jordan asks readers to think more critically about what counts as development, and for whom.

Author : Elizabeth R. Williams
Publisher : Stanford University Press
ISBN 13 : 1503635937
Total Pages : 602 pages
Book Rating : 4.37/5 ( download)

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Download or read book States of Cultivation written by Elizabeth R. Williams and published by Stanford University Press. This book was released on 2023-08-22 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The final decades of the Ottoman Empire and the period of the French mandate in Syria and Lebanon coincided with a critical period of transformation in agricultural technologies and administration. Chemical fertilizers and mechanized equipment inspired model farms while government officials and technocratic elites pursued new land tenure, credit-lending, and tax collection policies to maximize revenue. These policies transformed rural communities and environments and were central to projects of reform and colonial control—as well as to resistance of that control. States of Cultivation examines the processes and effects of agrarian transformation over more than a century as Ottoman, Syrian, Lebanese, and French officials grappled with these new technologies, albeit with different end goals. Elizabeth Williams investigates the increasingly fragmented natures produced by these contrasting priorities and the results of their intersection with regional environmental limits. Not only did post–World War I policies realign the economic space of the mandate states, but they shaped an agricultural legacy that continued to impact Syria and Lebanon post-independence. With this book, Williams offers the first comprehensive account of the shared technocratic ideals that animated these policies and the divergent imperial goals that not only reshaped the region's agrarian institutions, but produced representations of the region with repercussions well beyond the mandate's end.

Author : Allen James Fromherz
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520398564
Total Pages : 335 pages
Book Rating : 4.66/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Center of the World written by Allen James Fromherz and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2024-09-03 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This sweeping history reorients our understanding of the Middle East, placing the Gulf at the heart of globalized trade and cross-cultural encounters. World history began in the Persian Gulf. The ancient port cities that dotted its coastlines created the first global seaboard, a place from where faiths and cultures from around the world set sail and made contact. More than a history, The Center of the World shows us that contradictions that define our modern age have always been present. For over four thousand years, the Gulf—sometimes called the Persian Gulf, sometimes the Arabian Gulf—has been a global crossroads while managing to avoid control by the world’s greatest empires. In its history, we see a world of rapid change, fluctuating centers of trade, a dependency on uncertain global markets, and intense cross-cultural encounters that hold a mirror to the contemporary world. Focusing each chapter on a different port around the Gulf, The Center of the World shows how the people of the Gulf adapted to larger changes in world history, creating a system of free trade, merchant rule, and commerce that continues to define the region today.

Author : Roman Kolkowicz
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000263525
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.27/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Soldiers, Peasants, and Bureaucrats written by Roman Kolkowicz and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-01-27 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1981, is a comprehensive examination of the main theoretical, methodological and empirical approaches to the study of the military in modernising political systems, in socialist and non-socialist countries. It analyses civil-military relations in the Middle East, Eastern Europe and China, and in doing so sheds new light on the comparative politics and strategic affairs of the Cold War period.

Author : Yoav Gelber
Publisher : Liverpool University Press
ISBN 13 : 183764232X
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Palestine 1948, 2nd Edition written by Yoav Gelber and published by Liverpool University Press. This book was released on 2006-01-26 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1970s, the Latin Based on new or newly interpreted Israeli, British and Arab documents, this book attempts to integrate present controversies concerning the development of the Jewish-Palestinian war from December 1947 to mid-May 1948 and the consecutive Israeli-Arab war. It follows the organization of both sides at the beginning of the war and the shaping of their respective war policies. Further, it describes the creation of the invading coalition and its disintegration in the wake of the Arab armies' military failure. The book stresses mainly the processes that led Palestinian society to its collapse and mass flight and the Israeli reactions and policies that turned this temporary escape into a long-lasting refugee problem. Emphasizing the different historical and cultural perspectives of the adversaries and the context of the war's development, it criticises the approach of the Israeli 'New Historians' who tend to isolate the refugee problem from the broader issues of the war and treat it separately. Includes a glossary of Arab/Israeli wartime operations.

Author : Ellen Kay Trimberger
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780878551361
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.60/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Revolution from Above written by Ellen Kay Trimberger and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1978 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Forfatteren er lektor i sociologi ved California State College, Sonoma. Hun har udviklet en teori om sociale betingelser, som fremmer revolutionære handlinger af officerer i tredie verdenlande.

Author : Yael Berda
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009062417
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.11/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Colonial Bureaucracy and Contemporary Citizenship written by Yael Berda and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2022-11-17 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Colonial Bureaucracy and Contemporary Citizenship examines how the legacies of colonial bureaucracy continue to shape political life after empire. Focusing on the former British colonies of India, Cyprus, and Israel/Palestine, the book explores how post-colonial states use their inherited administrative legacies to classify and distinguish between loyal and suspicious subjects and manage the movement of populations, thus shaping the practical meaning of citizenship and belonging within their new boundaries. The book offers a novel institutional theory of 'hybrid bureaucracy' to explain how racialized bureaucratic practices were used by powerful administrators in state organizations to shape the making of political identity and belonging in the new states. Combining sociology and anthropology of the state with the study of institutions, this book offers new knowledge to overturn conventional understandings of bureaucracy, demonstrating that routine bureaucratic practices and persistent colonial logics continue to shape unequal political status to this day.

Author : Georgios Andreu Kurbetares
Publisher : Transaction Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781412841832
Total Pages : 204 pages
Book Rating : 4.36/5 ( download)

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Download or read book World Perspectives in the Sociology of the Military written by Georgios Andreu Kurbetares and published by Transaction Publishers. This book was released on 1977-01-01 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A truly unique compilation, World Perspectives in the Sociology of the Military explores both age-old and con­temporary issues pertaining to the sociology of military institutions and civil-military relations. At the same time it deals with major conceptual, research-empirical, and methodological issues in the field of sociology devoted to military aspects. A concise overview with a socio­logical-political science framework and a perspective utilizing international factors is provided, along with analyses of the major issues of the internal dynamics of military organizations as these issues are reflected in evolving military organizations around the world. The interrelationship between social and political changeand the military, and the way the armed forces responds to and internalizes these changes are also fully treated. The principal focus is on the concepts of professional and organizational perspectives and of civil-military rela­tions. Comparative international factors are provided by chapters on African, European, Middle Eastern, Latin American, and United States militaries, and also included is a section devoted to the methodological aspects of the measurement of military intervention in developing na­tions. In Part I the editors have written an integrated overview and sociological framework for analyzing and critically assessing military sociology. Part II explores the internal dynamics of military organizations, with an emphasis upon professionalism, politics, recruitment, and sociali­zation. Larson first provides an excellent discussion of two major interpretations of military professionalism and civic control. In the following contribution career pat­terns and occupational structure is the topic, and Lang notes that technological and organizational devel­opments in the U.S. military have led to a shift away from combat orientations to "resource management." While technological change has had important effects on the American military, Gamier warns against generalizing about the effects of technology on other militaries; he argues that changes in the technology can be mediated by cultural and organizational factors. Kourvetaris and Do­bratz address themselves to the issues of social recruit­ment and political orientation of off icer corps in fourteen countries; they find that the broadening of the social base of recruitment has not been followed by a concomitant process of political democratization of the officers' politi­cal attitudes and/or behavior. Lucas delineates the nature and content of the military images important in the professional socialization of Army ROTC cadets. Cockerham's research on airborne paratroopers argues against the importance of the sociali­zation process; using interview data, he analyzes the context of airborne socialization in the United States as a status passage. Ben-Dor outlines a behaviorally oriented theoretical approach to the study of military intervention in the Mid­dle East to begin Part III. Likewise, Thompson advances a synthetic approach for explaining Arab military coups along systemic and subsystemic dimensions of military and civilian structures and regimes. Event data from a number of sub-Saharan African nations were researched by McKown, who suggests analyzing elite political be­havior in order to explain the cause of coups d'etat. In particular she recommends further examination of the variables of elite cohesion and coercive ability and poten­tial. Segal, et al. explore the thesis of convergence and suggest that the emerging pattern for industrial nations of the West may be one of divergence. Convergence can be seen as making the military functionally more indepen­dent of its host society and therefore insulated from it. Using Moskos's developmental construct of convergent, divergent, and segmented patterns of civil-military rela­tions, Kourvetaris traces the linkages between armed forces and society in the context of the military role in Greek politics, both in diachronic and synchronic terms. Drury assesses the effectiveness of military rule in Brazil during 1964-70 and Herspring provides back­ground information on socialist countries, while consid­ering the effect that an increasing reliance on modern technology has had on civil-military relations in East Germany. Sigelman examines five indicators of the extent of military intervention and derives his own Military In­tervention Index. The final contribution by Tannahill dis­cusses new operationalism of military intervention and provides an application of this new variable in the context of military intervention in Latin America.