Who Regulates Whom

Author : Mark Jickling
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437927610
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.10/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Who Regulates Whom? written by Mark Jickling and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-10 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Federal financial regulation in the U.S. has evolved through a series of piecemeal responses to developments and crises in financial markets. This report provides an overview of current U.S. financial regulation: which agencies are responsible for which institutions and markets, and what kinds of authority they have. Contents: (1) Intro.; (2) Financial Crises, Regulatory Jurisdiction, and Systemic Risk; (3) Capital Requirements: Non-Bank Capital Requirements; (4) The Federal Financial Regulators: Banking Regulators; Non-Bank Financial Regulators; Regulatory Umbrella Groups; (5) Unregulated Markets and Institutions: Foreign Exchange Markets; U.S. Treasury Securities; OTC Derivatives; Private Securities Markets; Nonbank Lenders; Hedge Funds.

Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
ISBN 13 : 9781976512360
Total Pages : 38 pages
Book Rating : 4.60/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Who Regulates Whom? written by Congressional Research Service and published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform. This book was released on 2017-09-18 with total page 38 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The financial regulatory system has been described as fragmented, with multiple overlapping regulators and a dual state-federal regulatory system. The system evolved piecemeal, punctuated by major changes in response to various historical financial crises. The most recent financial crisis also resulted in changes to the regulatory system through the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act in 2010 (Dodd-Frank Act; P.L. 111-203) and the Housing and Economic Recovery Act of 2008 (HERA; P.L. 110-289). To address the fragmented nature of the system, the Dodd-Frank Act created the Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC), a council of regulators and experts chaired by the Treasury Secretary. At the federal level, regulators can be clustered in the following areas: Depository regulators-Office of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC), Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), and Federal Reserve for banks; and National Credit Union Administration (NCUA) for credit unions; Securities markets regulators-Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC); Government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) regulators-Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), created by HERA, and Farm Credit Administration (FCA); and Consumer protection regulator-Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), created by the Dodd-Frank Act. These regulators regulate financial institutions, markets, and products using licensing, registration, rulemaking, supervisory, enforcement, and resolution powers. Other entities that play a role in financial regulation are interagency bodies, state regulators, and international regulatory fora. Notably, federal regulators generally play a secondary role in insurance markets. Financial regulation aims to achieve diverse goals, which vary from regulator to regulator: market efficiency and integrity, consumer and investor protections, capital formation or access to credit, taxpayer protection, illicit activity prevention, and financial stability. Policy debate revolves around the tradeoffs between these various goals. Different types of regulation-prudential (safety and soundness), disclosure, standard setting, competition, and price and rate regulations-are used to achieve these goals. Many observers believe that the structure of the regulatory system influences regulatory outcomes. For that reason, there is ongoing congressional debate about the best way to structure the regulatory system. As background for that debate, this report provides an overview of the U.S. financial regulatory framework. It briefly describes each of the federal financial regulators and the types of institutions they supervise. It also discusses the other entities that play a role in financial regulation.

Author : Congressional Research Service
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781507868416
Total Pages : 56 pages
Book Rating : 4.13/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Who Regulates Whom and How? an Overview of U.s. Financial Regulatory Policy for Banking and Securities Markets written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-01-30 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial regulatory policies are of interest to Congress because firms, consumers, and governments fund many of their activities through banks and securities markets. Furthermore, financial instability can damage the broader economy. Financial regulation is intended to protect borrowers and investors that participate in financial markets and mitigate financial instability. This report provides an overview of the regulatory policies of the agencies that oversee banking and securities markets and explains which agencies are responsible for which institutions, activities, and markets. Some agencies regulate particular types of institutions for risky behavior or conflicts of interest, some agencies promulgate rules for certain financial transactions no matter what kind of institution engages in them, and other agencies enforce existing rules for some institutions, but not for others. These regulatory activities are not necessarily mutually exclusive.

Author : Edward V. Murphy
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781490957739
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4.31/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Who Regulates Whom and How? written by Edward V. Murphy and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2013-07 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Financial regulatory policies are of interest to Congress because firms, consumers, and governments fund many of their activities through banks and securities markets. Furthermore, financial instability can damage the broader economy. Financial regulation is intended to protect borrowers and investors that participate in financial markets and mitigate financial instability. This report provides an overview of the regulatory policies of the agencies that oversee banking and securities markets and explains which agencies are responsible for which institutions, activities, and markets. Banking U.S. banking regulation traditionally focuses on prudence. Banks' business decisions are regulated for safety and soundness and adequate capital. In addition, banks are given access to a lender of last resort, and some bank creditors are provided guarantees (deposit insurance). Regulating the risks that banks take is believed to help smooth the credit cycle. The credit cycle refers to periodic booms and busts in lending. Prudential safety and soundness regulation and capital requirements date back to the 1860s when bank credit formed the money supply. The Federal Reserve as lender of last resort was created following the Panic of 1907. Deposit insurance was established in the 1930s to reduce the incentive of depositors to withdraw funds from banks during a financial panic. Securities, Derivatives, and Similar Contract Markets Federal securities regulation has traditionally focused on disclosure and conflicts of interest, rather than on prudence. Securities regulation is typically designed to ensure that market participants have access to enough information to make informed decisions, rather than to limit the riskiness of the business models of publicly traded firms. Firms that sell securities to the public must register with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). SEC registration in no way implies that an investment is safe, only that material risks have been disclosed. The SEC also registers several classes of securities market participants and firms. It has enforcement powers for certain types of industry misstatements or omissions and for certain types of conflicts of interest. Derivatives trading is supervised by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC), which oversees trading on the futures exchanges, which have self-regulatory responsibilities as well. The Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) required more disclosures in the over-the-counter derivatives market than prior to the financial crisis and has granted the CFTC and SEC authority over large derivatives traders. Government Sponsored Enterprises The Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) oversees a group of government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs). Two of the GSEs, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, securitize residential mortgages, and they were placed in conservatorship following mortgage losses in 2008. In the conservatorship, the Treasury provides financial support to the GSEs and FHFA and Treasury have managerial control over the enterprises. FHFA also regulates the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) system. Changes Following the 2008 Financial Crisis The Dodd-Frank Act created the interagency Financial Stability Oversight Council (FSOC) and authorized a permanent staff to monitor systemic risk and consolidated bank regulation from five agencies to four. The DFA granted the Federal Reserve oversight authority and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) resolution authority over the largest financial firms. The DFA consolidated consumer protection rulemaking, which had been dispersed among several federal agencies, in the new Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. Special Topics The appendices in this report include additional information on topics, such as the regulatory structure prior to the Dodd-Frank Act, organizational differences among financial firms, and the rating system that regulators use to evaluate the health of banks.

Author : Milton H. Lazarus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781616684341
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.48/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Who Regulates Whom written by Milton H. Lazarus and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Milton H. Lazarus
Publisher : Nova Science Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9781608769810
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.1X/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Who Regulates Whom: U. S. Finanial Oversight written by Milton H. Lazarus and published by Nova Science Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chapters 1-7 previously published and included as edited, excerpted and augmented editions of various U.S. government publications published in 2009.

Author : Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780894991967
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.65/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Federal Reserve System Purposes and Functions written by Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an in-depth overview of the Federal Reserve System, including information about monetary policy and the economy, the Federal Reserve in the international sphere, supervision and regulation, consumer and community affairs and services offered by Reserve Banks. Contains several appendixes, including a brief explanation of Federal Reserve regulations, a glossary of terms, and a list of additional publications.

Author : Canada. Parliament. House of Commons
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1226 pages
Book Rating : 4.64/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Official Report of the Debates of the House of Commons of the Dominion of Canada written by Canada. Parliament. House of Commons and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 1226 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Jack Goldsmith
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780198034803
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.06/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Who Controls the Internet? written by Jack Goldsmith and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2006-03-17 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is the Internet erasing national borders? Will the future of the Net be set by Internet engineers, rogue programmers, the United Nations, or powerful countries? Who's really in control of what's happening on the Net? In this provocative new book, Jack Goldsmith and Tim Wu tell the fascinating story of the Internet's challenge to governmental rule in the 1990s, and the ensuing battles with governments around the world. It's a book about the fate of one idea--that the Internet might liberate us forever from government, borders, and even our physical selves. We learn of Google's struggles with the French government and Yahoo's capitulation to the Chinese regime; of how the European Union sets privacy standards on the Net for the entire world; and of eBay's struggles with fraud and how it slowly learned to trust the FBI. In a decade of events the original vision is uprooted, as governments time and time again assert their power to direct the future of the Internet. The destiny of the Internet over the next decades, argue Goldsmith and Wu, will reflect the interests of powerful nations and the conflicts within and between them. While acknowledging the many attractions of the earliest visions of the Internet, the authors describe the new order, and speaking to both its surprising virtues and unavoidable vices. Far from destroying the Internet, the experience of the last decade has lead to a quiet rediscovery of some of the oldest functions and justifications for territorial government. While territorial governments have unavoidable problems, it has proven hard to replace what legitimacy governments have, and harder yet to replace the system of rule of law that controls the unchecked evils of anarchy. While the Net will change some of the ways that territorial states govern, it will not diminish the oldest and most fundamental roles of government and challenges of governance. Well written and filled with fascinating examples, including colorful portraits of many key players in Internet history, this is a work that is bound to stir heated debate in the cyberspace community.

Author : United States
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1508 pages
Book Rating : 4.63/5 ( download)

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Download or read book United States Code written by United States and published by . This book was released on 1952 with total page 1508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: