Tulsas Black Wall Street

Author : Hannibal B Johnson
Publisher : Eakin Press
ISBN 13 : 9781681792187
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Black Wall Street written by Hannibal B Johnson and published by Eakin Press. This book was released on 2021-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early in the twentieth century, the black community in Tulsa- the "Greenwood District"- became a nationally renowned entrepreneurial center. Frequently referred to as "The Black Wall Street of America," the Greenwood District attracted pioneers from all over America who sought new opportunities and fresh challenges. Legal segregation forced blacks to do business among themselves. The Greenwood district prospered as dollars circulated within the black community. But fear and jealousy swelled in the greater Tulsa community. The alleged assault of a white woman by a black man triggered unprecedented civil unrest. The worst riot in American history, the Tulsa Race Riot of 1921 destroyed people, property, hopes, and dreams. Hundreds of people died or were injured. Property damage ran into the millions. The Greenwood District burned to the ground. Ever courageous, the Greenwood District pioneers rebuilt and better than ever. By 1942, some 242 businesses called the Greenwood district home. Having experienced decline in the '60s, '70s, and early '80s, the area is now poised for yet another renaissance. Black Wall Street speaks to the triumph of the human spirit.

Author : Hannibal B. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781934645383
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Black Wall Street written by Hannibal B. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Black Wall Street tells the story of Tulsa's historic Greenwood district, chronicling its development in the early 1900s, the race riots that virtually destroyed it in 1921, and its return to vitality at the close of the century.

Author : Hannibal B. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781940130262
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.63/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Black Wall Street written by Hannibal B. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : David Payne
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781720176268
Total Pages : 202 pages
Book Rating : 4.64/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Tulsa's Black Wall Street written by David Payne and published by . This book was released on 2018-09-08 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout American history there are a lot of obscure stories that are hidden in clear sight. One such concealed story of guilt and shame is the story of Greenwood Oklahoma. Nicknamed the "Black Wall Street", it was a one square-mile community on the north side of Tulsa. As one of the most prominent concentrations of black businesses in the United States during the early 20th century, segregation ironically gave rise to a nationally renowned black entrepreneurial center. Seemingly escaping the harsh racism of a nation that had deprived black people of even the most basic dignities, in the 1900s, Greenwood was everything the South was not. Filled with black lawyers, doctors, business owners and flush with prosperity, Greenwood was an area where people of color finally had a chance to make something of themselves. Unfortunately the economic status of this proud community could not save its people from the racial hostility of their day. The community of Greenwood was a tale of two cities. Black residents saw Greenwood as their own Atlantis. Greenwood was a perfect society where everyone lived in harmony and everything is done for the good of its citizens; a perfect Utopian society. On the other hand, most white people refused to acknowledge the accomplishments of Greenwood maliciously calling it "Little Africa". Instead of accomplishment, white people were frightened and saw a community of uppity blacks lacking social control. Black success was an intolerable affront to the social order of white supremacy. On May 31, 1921, white atrocities were performed against the black residents nearly put an end to the thriving district. This book is the unbelievable and obscure story of Greenwood Oklahoma.

Author : Randy Krehbiel
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806165510
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Tulsa, 1921 written by Randy Krehbiel and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2019-09-19 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1921 Tulsa’s Greenwood District, known then as the nation’s “Black Wall Street,” was one of the most prosperous African American communities in the United States. But on May 31 of that year, a white mob, inflamed by rumors that a young Black man had attempted to rape a white teenage girl, invaded Greenwood. By the end of the following day, thousands of homes and businesses lay in ashes, and perhaps as many as three hundred people were dead. Tulsa, 1921 shines new light into the shadows that have long been cast over this extraordinary instance of racial violence. With the clarity and descriptive power of a veteran journalist, author Randy Krehbiel digs deep into the events and their aftermath and investigates decades-old questions about the local culture at the root of what one writer has called a white-led pogrom. Krehbiel analyzes local newspaper accounts in an unprecedented effort to gain insight into the minds of contemporary Tulsans. In the process he considers how the Tulsa World, the Tulsa Tribune, and other publications contributed to the circumstances that led to the disaster and helped solidify enduring white justifications for it. Some historians have dismissed local newspapers as too biased to be of value for an honest account, but by contextualizing their reports, Krehbiel renders Tulsa’s papers an invaluable resource, highlighting the influence of news media on our actions in the present and our memories of the past. The Tulsa Massacre was a result of racial animosity and mistrust within a culture of political and economic corruption. In its wake, Black Tulsans were denied redress and even the right to rebuild on their own property, yet they ultimately prevailed and even prospered despite systemic racism and the rise during the 1920s of the second Ku Klux Klan. As Krehbiel considers the context and consequences of the violence and devastation, he asks, Has the city—indeed, the nation—exorcised the prejudices that led to this tragedy?

Author : Hannibal B. Johnson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781681791791
Total Pages : 392 pages
Book Rating : 4.9X/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Black Wall Street 100: An American City Grapples With Its Historical Racial Trauma written by Hannibal B. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2020-07-20 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Jerrolyn S. Eulinberg
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1725296047
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Lynched Black Wall Street written by Jerrolyn S. Eulinberg and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2021-05-13 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book remembers one hundred years since Black Wall Street and it reflects on the 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre. Black Wall Street was the most successful Black business district in the United States; yet, it was isolated from the blooming white oil town of Tulsa, Oklahoma, because of racism. During the early twentieth century African-Americans lived in the constant threat of extreme violence by white supremacy, lynching, and Jim and Jane Crow laws. The text explores, through a Womanist lens, the moral dilemma of Black ontology and the existential crisis of living in America as equal human beings to white Americans. This prosperous Black business district and residential community was lynched by white terror, hate, jealousy, and hegemonic power, using unjust laws and a legally sanctioned white mob. Terrorism operated historically based on the lies of Black inferiority with the support of law and white supremacy. Today this same precedence continues to terrorize the life experiences of African-Americans. The research examines Native Americans and African-Americans, the Black migration west, the role of religion, Black women's contributions, lynching, and the continued resilience of Black Americans.

Author : Karlos K. Hill
Publisher : University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN 13 : 0806168862
Total Pages : 289 pages
Book Rating : 4.69/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre written by Karlos K. Hill and published by University of Oklahoma Press. This book was released on 2021-03-18 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the evening of May 31, 1921, and in the early morning hours of June 1, several thousand white citizens and authorities violently attacked the African American Greenwood District of Tulsa, Oklahoma. In the course of some twelve hours of mob violence, white Tulsans reduced one of the nation’s most prosperous black communities to rubble and killed an estimated 300 people, mostly African Americans. This richly illustrated volume, featuring more than 175 photographs, along with oral testimonies, shines a new spotlight on the race massacre from the vantage point of its victims and survivors. Historian and Black Studies professor Karlos K. Hill presents a range of photographs taken before, during, and after the massacre, mostly by white photographers. Some of the images are published here for the first time. Comparing these photographs to those taken elsewhere in the United States of lynchings, the author makes a powerful case for terming the 1921 outbreak not a riot but a massacre. White civilians, in many cases assisted or condoned by local and state law enforcement, perpetuated a systematic and coordinated attack on Black Tulsans and their property. Despite all the violence and devastation, black Tulsans rebuilt the Greenwood District brick by brick. By the mid-twentieth century, Greenwood had reached a new zenith, with nearly 250 Black-owned and Black-operated businesses. Today the citizens of Greenwood, with support from the broader community, continue to work diligently to revive the neighborhood once known as “Black Wall Street.” As a result, Hill asserts, the most important legacy of the Tulsa Race Massacre is the grit and resilience of the Black survivors of racist violence. The 1921 Tulsa Race Massacre: A Photographic History offers a perspective largely missing from other accounts. At once captivating and disturbing, it will embolden readers to confront the uncomfortable legacy of racial violence in U.S. history.

Author : Carole Boston Weatherford
Publisher : Carolrhoda Books ®
ISBN 13 : 172842464X
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.44/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Unspeakable written by Carole Boston Weatherford and published by Carolrhoda Books ®. This book was released on 2021-02-02 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Winner of the Coretta Scott King Book Awards for Author and Illustrator A Caldecott Honor Book A Sibert Honor Book Longlisted for the National Book Award A Kirkus Prize Finalist A Boston Globe-Horn Book Honor Book "A must-have"—Booklist (starred review) Celebrated author Carole Boston Weatherford and illustrator Floyd Cooper provide a powerful look at the Tulsa Race Massacre, one of the worst incidents of racial violence in our nation's history. The book traces the history of African Americans in Tulsa's Greenwood district and chronicles the devastation that occurred in 1921 when a white mob attacked the Black community. News of what happened was largely suppressed, and no official investigation occurred for seventy-five years. This picture book sensitively introduces young readers to this tragedy and concludes with a call for a better future. Download the free educator guide here: https://lernerbooks.com/download/unspeakableteachingguide

Author : Hannibal B. Johnson
Publisher : Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.56/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Black Wall Street written by Hannibal B. Johnson and published by Marion Koogler McNay Art Museum. This book was released on 1998 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From riot to renaissance in Tulsa's historic Greenwood district