Transgenic And Knockout Models Of Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Author : Gene S. Fisch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1597450588
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Transgenic and Knockout Models of Neuropsychiatric Disorders written by Gene S. Fisch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-11-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this up-to-date survey and critical assessment of transgenic and knockout models in neuropsychiatry and behavior, a panel of leading researchers comprehensively assesses how and whether the genetic abnormalities produced from these models manifest the neuropsychiatric disorders to which they correspond. The authors focus on transgenic and knockout models of neurocognitive dysfunction and neuropsychiatric dysfunction. The discussion of neurobiological problems covers mental retardation, polyglutamate, and speech disorders, as well as disorders that involve cognitive, social, speech, and language dysfunction. The neuropsychiatric dysfunctions examined include psychosis and schizophrenia, anxiety, depression, and bipolar disorder.

Author : Jim J. Hagan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642197035
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.31/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Molecular and Functional Models in Neuropsychiatry written by Jim J. Hagan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-04-02 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The development of more effective treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders requires scientific progress on a broad front. Animal models have a vital role to play in advancing the field. When deployed in conjunction with detailed study of these diseases in man they bring the power to make controlled experimental interventions which allow the functional consequences of genetic variations and polymorphisms to be understood in terms of their cellular, systems and behavioural effects. Further, they provide a means by which complex cognitive and behavioural phenomena may be dissected and understood. Finally, they provide a bridge to understanding the effects of drugs on the functioning of the central nervous system, thereby improving our understanding of the actions of those drugs in man.

Author : Sylvie Granon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788178954028
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Endophenotypes Of Psychiatric And Neurodegenerative Disorders In Rodent Models written by Sylvie Granon and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Psychiatric disorders are uniquely human. Yet we need animal models to test hypotheses about biological mechanisms. Treatment development relies on model systems to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutics. How can such a profound paradox be resolved? Dr. Sylvie Granon of the Institute Pasteur in Paris has successfully assembled a collection of fifteen review chapters that address multiple aspects of rodent models of neuropsychiatric disorders. Outstanding experts describe paradigms relevant to Alzheimer s disease, mental retardation, schizophrenia, autism, attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder, impulsivity, drug addiction, post-traumatic stress disorder, multiple sclerosis, and sudden infant death syndrome. Traditional lesioning and pharmacological methods are contrasted with newer targeted gene mutation strategies for generating rodent models. Strengths and limitations of transgenic and knockout mouse models are discussed by many of the insightful authors. In Alice in Wonderland, the Cheshire Cat speaks English and tell us We re all mad here. Unfortunately, real animals do not talk, and cannot tell us about their abnormal internal emotional or mental states, if any. It is essential to recognize that researchers will never be able to replicate schizophrenia or autism or depression in a mouse. Many psychiatric dysfunctions appear to originate primarily in the human frontal cerebral cortex, a highly developed structure that dramatically eclipses the modest frontal cortex of rodents. Numbers of synapses and available pathways for making neural connections that permit higher executive functions are enormously greater in humans as compared to other species. Expansion of the human prefrontal cortex is an evolutionary recent phenomenon. There has not been enough time for thorough trouble-shooting and beta-testing of its neural circuitry. No wonder so much can go so wrong. Endophenotypes offer a neat solution to our conundrum. Rather than trying to replicate the full human syndrome, specific components of behavioral symptoms and neuroanatomical abnormalities can be modeled in rodents. While mental illnesses that are primarily caused by incorrect developmental neuroanatomy or aberrant neurotransmitter pharmacology in the prefrontal cortex may be difficult to model in mice, whose prefrontal cortex is minimal, connections between frontal cortex and other brain regions such as thalamus are similar across species. Homologies between rodents and primates in frontal cortex connections and specific behavioral functions have been extensively described by Bryan Kolb. The inability of Alzheimer s patients to store new memories represents a discrete characteristic that can be paralleled in rats and mice, who store new memories using similar neurophysiological mechanisms. Schizophrenic patients display deficits in sensorimotor gating and errors in working memory. Very similar procedures and equipment are available to assay prepulse inhibition and working memory in humans, monkeys, rats, and mice. Neuropharmacological pathways mediating the biological actions of abused drugs are similar in humans and rats. Drug addicts show poor impulse control and poor decision making in tasks that are analogous to some forms of errors in the five choice serial reaction time task for rats and mice. Genetic mutations that produce synaptic dysfunctions or amyloid plaques in the human brain are inserted into the mouse genome to create mouse models of mental retardation, which are then evaluated on learning and memory tasks. Thus, a simpler focus on individual endophenotype components of a human disease permits reasonable analogies to be generated in model organisms. The ideal animal model of a human syndrome is quantitative, readily replicated across laboratories, and incorporates three types of validity. Face validity is the conceptual analogy to a human symptom or endophenotype. Some unusual social behaviors in mice offer a conceptual analogy to the first diagnostic symptom of autism, abnormal reciprocal social interactions. Construct validity employs the same cause or precipitating event in the animal model and the human disease. Inflammatory demyelination presents construct validity for a rodent model of multiple sclerosis. Predictive validity confirms the specific therapeutic response. Treatments that work in the human disease also work in the animal model. For example, antidepressants that are effective in treating post-traumatic stress disorder should effectively reverse the behavioral traits of a rat model of this syndrome. Very few animal models of neuropsychiatric diseases incorporate all three types of validity. The authors contributing to this volume explain the challenges, failures and successes of an impressively wide range of model organisms. As the true causes of mental illnesses are identified, neuroscientists and pharmaceutical researchers will design more targeted model systems with true construct validity to the etiologies of neuropsychiatric syndromes. Behavioral assays will continue to be invented and refined to optimize face validity to the endophenotypes of the human disease. Ultimately these endeavors will result in model organisms with high predictive validity and translational value, to enhance the discovery of effective cures for debilitating major mental illnesses.

Author : Murray B. Stein
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642029124
Total Pages : 552 pages
Book Rating : 4.27/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Behavioral Neurobiology of Anxiety and Its Treatment written by Murray B. Stein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-07-30 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book is part of a series on Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, which has as its focus anxiety and its treatment. We have brought together a distinguished cadre of authors with the aim of covering a broad array of topics related to anxiety disorders, ranging from clinical diagnosis, epidemiology, preclinical neuroscience, and animal models to established and innovative therapeutic approaches. The book aims at bridging these disciplines to provide an update of literature relevant to understanding anxiety, its consequences, and its management. Following is a brief overview of the chapters and their content, meant to serve as a guide to navigating the book. The ?rst section covers clinical aspects of anxiety disorders. Joe Bienvenu and colleagues provide an incisive overview of diagnostic considerations in the anxiety disorders in which they emphasize the strengths and shortcomings of our current nosologic systems. This is followed by a review and update of the epidemiology of anxiety disorders by Ron Kessler and colleagues, which provides an authoritative survey of anxiety disorder incidence, prevalence, and risk factors. This is comp- mented by a comprehensive review of the literature on disorders that co-occur with anxiety disorders by Kathleen Merikangas and Sonja Alsemgeest Swanson. Their review highlights the tremendous comorbidity that occurs not only within the anxiety disorders, but also with other mental and physical health conditions.

Author : Yong-Kyu Kim
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387767274
Total Pages : 557 pages
Book Rating : 4.77/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Handbook of Behavior Genetics written by Yong-Kyu Kim and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-25 with total page 557 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This handbook provides research guidelines to study roles of the genes and other factors involved in a variety of complex behaviors. Utilizing methodologies and theories commonly used in behavior genetics, each chapter features an overview of the selected topic, current issues, as well as current and future research.

Author : Kenneth Aitken
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN 13 : 9780857003881
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.87/5 ( download)

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Download or read book An A-Z of Genetic Factors in Autism written by Kenneth Aitken and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2011-01-15 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept of a single condition known as 'autism' is quickly becoming outdated, and is now understood to be an umbrella term for a variety of predominantly genetic conditions. This can be confusing for parents of children who have been diagnosed as having an 'autism spectrum disorder'. An A-Z of Genetic Factors in Autism provides parents with a complete overview of the main genetic disorders associated with autism, including those linked to growth differences, cardiovascular issues, neurodevelopmental problems, immune dysfunction, gastrointestinal disturbances and epilepsy. Kenneth Aitken demystifies the umbrella term 'autism' by alphabetically listing these conditions along with information about how common they are, their causes, signs, and symptoms, and for many, appropriate methods of treatment and management. Information on support groups and sources of further information are also included to help parents obtain any additional support they need, and keep up to date with new developments in research and practice. This is a must-have book for any parent or carer who feels confused by their child's diagnosis, or who seeks a better understanding of the many genetic conditions linked to autism.

Author : Kenneth J. Aitken
Publisher : Jessica Kingsley Publishers
ISBN 13 : 184310976X
Total Pages : 546 pages
Book Rating : 4.61/5 ( download)

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Download or read book An A-Z of Genetic Factors in Autism written by Kenneth J. Aitken and published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers. This book was released on 2010 with total page 546 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explains the biology and genetics of ASD, and provides clinicians and researchers with a comprehensive summary of each genetic factor including the research that links it to ASD, diagnosis and treatment issues, and related animal models, as well as detailing relevant professional organisations and avenues for further research.

Author : Michael Koch
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 1783260068
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.65/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Animal Models Of Neuropsychiatric Diseases written by Michael Koch and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2006-05-11 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal models of neuro- and psychopathological states in humans are an indispensable part of both experimental neurology and biological psychiatry. Written by a team of experts, this book provides an up-to-date detailed overview of the current approaches to the design of viable animal models for eight prominent neuropsychiatric diseases. The book is specifically written with the research-oriented reader in mind — both in academia and the pharmaceutical industry. It contains first-hand information on how to design viable animal models for Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, addiction, depression, fear and anxiety, and schizophrenia. Each chapter also critically discusses the limitations of the animal experimental approach towards an understanding of human neuropsychiatric disorders.The book is an essential source of reference for researchers who seek to successfully continue and elaborate the experimental work that will finally lead to a better understanding of the neurobiological basis of the diseases, as well as to an improvement of both diagnosis and therapy.

Author : Jo Van Herwegen
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1317563603
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Jo Van Herwegen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2014-12-05 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interest in the field of neurodevelopmental disorders has grown exponentially in recent years across a range of disciplines, including psychology, psychiatry, education and neuroscience. The research itself has become more sophisticated, using multidisciplinary methods to probe interdisciplinary questions. Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Research Challenges and Solutions provides a thorough overview of the key issues involved in researching neurodevelopmental disorders. The volume includes 14 chapters, arranged over three sections. Chapters in the first section address general research challenges for the study of neurodevelopmental disorders. The second section draws upon specific disorders (such as Williams syndrome, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Down Syndrome, Fragile X Syndrome, ADHD, and Language Disorders) to consider the syndrome-specific issues or challenges that may be crucial to advancing our understanding of aspects of cognition and behavior associated with them. The final section considers how research evidence may be translated into practice to begin making an impact upon the lives of individuals who have neurodevelopmental disorders and their families. Each chapter in the book also includes ‘practical tips’ for either conducting research with individuals who have neurodevelopmental disorders or considering wider practical issues. The book will be indispensable reading for advanced students, researchers, and practitioners in the fields of developmental psychology, developmental psychopathology, special needs education, neuropsychology, and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0444641955
Total Pages : 232 pages
Book Rating : 4.53/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Genetic Models and Molecular Pathways Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorders written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-11-14 with total page 232 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Models and Molecular Pathways Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorders, Volume 241 provides the most recent information on the animal model systems that are available to study different forms of autism spectrum disorders. In addition to genetically engineered animals that uniquely model genetic forms of ASD, this volume also provides detailed chapters on a variety of specific topics, including An overview of genetic models of ASDs, Phenotypic modeling of ASD symptoms, Molecular mechanisms of NF1 model of ASD symptoms, Ube3a gene dosage disorders: molecular and circuit mechanisms of ASD, Circuit dysfunctions in ASD models, ERK signaling in genetic models of ASD, and more. Presents a timely, comprehensive assessment of the field Includes helpful summaries on current knowledge, gaps and future directions in autism research