The Quality Of Bureaucracy And Capital Account Policies

Author : Chong-En Bai
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Quality of Bureaucracy and Capital Account Policies written by Chong-En Bai and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2001 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The extent of bureaucracy varies extensively across countries, but the quality of bureaucracy within a country changes more slowly than economic policies. The authors propose that the quality of bureaucracy may be an important structural determinant of open economy macroeconomic policies - especially the imposition or removal of capital control. In their model, capital controls are an instrument of financial repression. They entail efficiency loss for the economy but also generate implicit revenue for the government. The results show that bureaucratic corruption translates into the government's reduced ability to collect tax revenues. Even if capital controls and financial repression are otherwise inefficient, the government still has to rely on them to raise revenues to provide public goods. Among the countries for which the authors could get relevant data, they find that the more corrupt ones are indeed more likely to impose capital controls, a pattern consistent with the model's prediction. To deal with possible reverse causality, they use the extent of corruption in a country's judicial system, and the degree of democracy, as the instrumental variables for bureaucratic corruption. The instrumental variable regressions show the same result: more corrupt countries are associated with more severe capital controls. The results suggest that as countries develop and improve their public institutions, reducing bureaucratic corruption over time, they will choose to gradually liberalize their capital accounts. Removing capital controls prematurely when forced by outside institutions to do so could reduce rather than improve their economic efficiency.

Author : Chong-En Bai
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.58/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Quality of Bureaucracy and Capital Account Policies written by Chong-En Bai and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The more corrupt a country, the more likely it is to impose capital controls. As a country improves its public institutions over time, it tends to gradually liberalize its capital accounts. Removing capital controls prematurely could reduce rather than improve the country's economic efficiency.The extent of bureaucracy varies extensively across countries, but the quality of bureaucracy within a country changes more slowly than economic policies. Bai and Wei propose that the quality of bureaucracy may be an important structural determinant of open economy macroeconomic policies - especially the imposition or removal of capital controls.In their model, capital controls are an instrument of financial repression. They entail efficiency loss for the economy but also generate implicit revenue for the government. The results show that bureaucratic corruption translates into the government's reduced ability to collect tax revenues. Even if capital controls and financial repression are otherwise inefficient, the government still has to rely on them to raise revenues to provide public goods.Among the countries for which the authors could get relevant data, they find that the more corrupt ones are indeed more likely to impose capital controls, a pattern consistent with the model's prediction. To deal with possible reverse causality, they use the extent of corruption in a country's judicial system, and the degree of democracy, as the instrumental variables for bureaucratic corruption. The instrumental variable regressions show the same result: more corrupt countries are associated with more severe capital controls.The results suggest that as countries develop and improve their public institutions, reducing bureaucratic corruption over time, they will choose to gradually liberalize their capital accounts. Removing capital controls prematurely when forced by outside institutions to do so could reduce rather than improve their economic efficiency.This paper - a product of the Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to understand the consequences of corruption and public governance.

Author : Andreas Bågenholm
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191899003
Total Pages : 881 pages
Book Rating : 4.03/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Quality of Government written by Andreas Bågenholm and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-20 with total page 881 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research demonstrates that the quality of public institutions is crucial for a number of important environmental, social, economic, and political outcomes, and thereby human well-being. The Quality of Government (QoG) approach directs attention to issues such as impartiality in the exercise of public power, professionalism in public service delivery, effective measures against corruption, and meritocracy instead of patronage and nepotism. This Handbook offers a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of this rapidly expanding research field and also identifies viable avenues for future research. The initial chapters focus on theoretical approaches and debates, and the central question of how QoG can be measured. A second set of chapters examines the wealth of empirical research on how QoG relates to democratization, social trust and cohesion, ethnic diversity, happiness and human wellbeing, democratic accountability, economic growth and inequality, political legitimacy, environmental sustainability, gender equality, and the outbreak of civil conflicts. The remaining chapters turn to the perennial issue of which contextual factors and policy approaches—national, local, and international—have proven successful (and not so successful) for increasing QoG. The Quality of Government approach both challenges and complements important strands of inquiry in the social sciences. For research about democratization, QoG adds the importance of taking state capacity into account. For economics, the QoG approach shows that in order to produce economic prosperity, markets need to be embedded in institutions with a certain set of qualities. For development studies, QoG emphasizes that issues relating to corruption are integral to understanding development writ large.

Author : Gurnain Kaur Pasricha
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Review of The Institutional View on The Liberalization and Management of Capital Flows — Background Note on Capital Flows and Capital Flow Management Measures — Benefits and Costs written by Gurnain Kaur Pasricha and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2022-03-30 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Fund’s Institutional View (IV) recognizes the benefits of and risks associated with capital flows. Since the IV was adopted, a growing literature has provided additional insights into the benefits and risks from capital flows. This note summarizes the insights from the recent literature and the experiences of staff since the adoption of the IV that have informed this review.

Author : Martin Feldstein
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 0226241807
Total Pages : 500 pages
Book Rating : 4.07/5 ( download)

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Download or read book International Capital Flows written by Martin Feldstein and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2007-12-01 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent changes in technology, along with the opening up of many regions previously closed to investment, have led to explosive growth in the international movement of capital. Flows from foreign direct investment and debt and equity financing can bring countries substantial gains by augmenting local savings and by improving technology and incentives. Investing companies acquire market access, lower cost inputs, and opportunities for profitable introductions of production methods in the countries where they invest. But, as was underscored recently by the economic and financial crises in several Asian countries, capital flows can also bring risks. Although there is no simple explanation of the currency crisis in Asia, it is clear that fixed exchange rates and chronic deficits increased the likelihood of a breakdown. Similarly, during the 1970s, the United States and other industrial countries loaned OPEC surpluses to borrowers in Latin America. But when the U.S. Federal Reserve raised interest rates to control soaring inflation, the result was a widespread debt moratorium in Latin America as many countries throughout the region struggled to pay the high interest on their foreign loans. International Capital Flows contains recent work by eminent scholars and practitioners on the experience of capital flows to Latin America, Asia, and eastern Europe. These papers discuss the role of banks, equity markets, and foreign direct investment in international capital flows, and the risks that investors and others face with these transactions. By focusing on capital flows' productivity and determinants, and the policy issues they raise, this collection is a valuable resource for economists, policymakers, and financial market participants.

Author : Sultan Ahmed Al-Jaber
Publisher : Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research
ISBN 13 : 9948140842
Total Pages : 10 pages
Book Rating : 4.49/5 ( download)

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Download or read book An Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment in the United Arab Emirates written by Sultan Ahmed Al-Jaber and published by Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research. This book was released on 2008-10-14 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The most significant challenge the UAE currently faces is the switch from the traditional approach toward luring FDI, to a modern dynamic approach. The former involves relying heavily on free zones, with additional, specific privileges offered to FDI. The new approach would require providing foreign investors with a generic environment conducive to attracting high quality FDI. The UAE needs to undertake a comprehensive review of its FDI regime. This suggested approach does not consider that the most effective instruments of attracting FDI are tax concessions or other types of foreign investment preferential treatment. Rather, it suggests that a reasonable, transparent, and stable tax system is necessary to attract modern FDI; extremely low tax rates and/or special treatment are not. As this analysis shows, an absence of any tax is not a major determinant factor of FDI in the UAE. Legislation that promotes UAE investment and regulates foreign investment needs to be enacted. This legislation should provide foreign investors with a more stable and certain investment climate and further open the UAE up to foreign investors, which in turn would provide economic benefits (such as increased productivity or technology). Agent requirements, the Commercial Law, and residency requirements should be revised urgently. Simultaneously, while considering easing most of these restrictions, the UAE government should eliminate specific privileges offered to national companies. FDI policy should be enhanced by an FDI legal framework, in line with the best international practice, with enforceability of contracts and property rights. The UAE government should reformulate the FDI regime towards FDI, not only because of the urgent need to make its current regime more competitive in attracting significant FDI inflows but also to meet the UAE’s international commitments (WTO negotiations), and because the FDI regime has, in practice, failed to use the economy’s potential efficiently. Special federal legislation is needed to maintain a corruption-free environment, including all the necessary administrative and judicial procedures to be enacted and applied at both the federal and the emirate level. The UAE should shift from restricting 100 percent ownership to ‘administered ownership’ – under which 50 percent to 100 percent ownership is permitted – subject to the potential technology transfer, type of activity or firm and the training provided to UAE nationals. A unified ownership and taxation regime across the UAE is needed to attract more FDI, stimulate exports and improve the efficiency of the UAE economy. Finally, longer-term or permanent visa permits for qualified professionals and foreign investors in specific sectors are recommended, based on project type or qualifications.

Author : James Alm
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780387299129
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.22/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Challenges of Tax Reform in a Global Economy written by James Alm and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-29 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents 15 original papers and commentaries by a distinguished group of tax policy and tax administration experts. Using international examples, they highlight the state of knowledge of tax reform, present new thinking about the issue, and analyze useful policy options. The book’s general goal is to examine the current and emerging challenges facing tax reformers and to assess possible directions future reforms are likely to take. More specific themes include distributional issues, how to tax capital income, how to design specific taxes (e.g., the income tax, the value-added tax, the property tax), how to consider the politics and administrative aspects of tax reform, and how to combine the separate insights into comprehensive tax reform.

Author : Tudorel Andrei
Publisher : Matei Ani
ISBN 13 : 9737094530
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.37/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Corruption written by Tudorel Andrei and published by Matei Ani. This book was released on 2009 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: The current edition in English language turns into account and completes the studies published in the previous edition. Carrying on the research and publication activities on the topic of corruption is based on its novelty and on the special interest for the Romanian language edition. At the same time, we hope that the current volume will provide greater opportunities for foreign access and thus the admittance in the European and international flows of information in this field. The core ideas of the book focus on social perception, modelled through statistic analyses, on the specificity of corruption in the public administration or the public health system in close correlation to the processes of decentralization and performance of health services. The analysis of the corruption topic is in interference with the effects of the European integration processes, globalization, being correlated to adjacent developments concerning the public integrity, national or regional economic free

Author : Dani Rodrik
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691092699
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.90/5 ( download)

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Download or read book In Search of Prosperity written by Dani Rodrik and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2003-05-04 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Publisher Description

Author : Mr.Ari Aisen
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1455211907
Total Pages : 30 pages
Book Rating : 4.06/5 ( download)

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Download or read book How Does Political Instability Affect Economic Growth? written by Mr.Ari Aisen and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this paper is to empirically determine the effects of political instability on economic growth. Using the system-GMM estimator for linear dynamic panel data models on a sample covering up to 169 countries, and 5-year periods from 1960 to 2004, we find that higher degrees of political instability are associated with lower growth rates of GDP per capita. Regarding the channels of transmission, we find that political instability adversely affects growth by lowering the rates of productivity growth and, to a smaller degree, physical and human capital accumulation. Finally, economic freedom and ethnic homogeneity are beneficial to growth, while democracy may have a small negative effect.