The Metabolic Challenges Of Immune Cells In Health And Disease

Author : Claudio Mauro
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196224
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.27/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Metabolic Challenges of Immune Cells in Health and Disease written by Claudio Mauro and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-07-13 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity and its co-morbidities, including atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and diabetes, are a world-wide epidemic. Inflammatory immune responses in metabolic tissues have emerged as a universal feature of these metabolic disorders. While initial work highlighted the contribution of macrophages to tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, recent studies demonstrate that cells of the adaptive immune compartment, including T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells also participate in obesity-induced pathogenesis of these conditions. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which the innate and adaptive branches of immunity control tissue and systemic metabolism remain poorly understood. To engage in growth and activation, cells need to increase their biomass and replicate their genome. This process presents a substantial bioenergetic challenge: growing and activated cells must increase ATP production and acquire or synthesize raw materials, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. To do so, they actively reprogram their intracellular metabolism from catabolic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and other anabolic pathways. This metabolic reprogramming is under the control of specific signal transduction pathways whose underlying molecular mechanisms and relevance to physiology and disease are subject of considerable current interest and under intense study. Recent reports have elucidated the physiological role of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage and T cell activation and differentiation, B- and dendritic cell biology, as well as in the crosstalk of immune cells with endothelial and stem cells. It is also becoming increasingly evident that alterations of metabolic pathways play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders. Due to the scientific distance between immunologists and experts in metabolism (e.g., clinicians and biochemists), however, there has been limited cross-talk between these communities. This collection of articles aims at promoting such cross-talk and accelerating discoveries in the emerging field of immunometabolism.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.65/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Metabolic Challenges of Immune Cells in Health and Disease written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Obesity and its co-morbidities, including atherosclerosis, insulin resistance and diabetes, are a world-wide epidemic. Inflammatory immune responses in metabolic tissues have emerged as a universal feature of these metabolic disorders. While initial work highlighted the contribution of macrophages to tissue inflammation and insulin resistance, recent studies demonstrate that cells of the adaptive immune compartment, including T and B lymphocytes and dendritic cells also participate in obesity-induced pathogenesis of these conditions. However, the molecular and cellular pathways by which the innate and adaptive branches of immunity control tissue and systemic metabolism remain poorly understood. To engage in growth and activation, cells need to increase their biomass and replicate their genome. This process presents a substantial bioenergetic challenge: growing and activated cells must increase ATP production and acquire or synthesize raw materials, including lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. To do so, they actively reprogram their intracellular metabolism from catabolic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis and other anabolic pathways. This metabolic reprogramming is under the control of specific signal transduction pathways whose underlying molecular mechanisms and relevance to physiology and disease are subject of considerable current interest and under intense study. Recent reports have elucidated the physiological role of metabolic reprogramming in macrophage and T cell activation and differentiation, B- and dendritic cell biology, as well as in the crosstalk of immune cells with endothelial and stem cells. It is also becoming increasingly evident that alterations of metabolic pathways play a major role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders. Due to the scientific distance between immunologists and experts in metabolism (e.g., clinicians and biochemists), however, there has been limited cross-talk between these communities. This collection of articles aims at promoting such cross-talk and accelerating discoveries in the emerging field of immunometabolism.

Author : Bin Li
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9402411704
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.06/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Immune Metabolism in Health and Tumor written by Bin Li and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a broad overview of the concepts and research findings in immunometabolism. The immune system is made up of numerous different cell types, pathways, and components that must be able to respond rapidly to a pathogen or cancer, but must also remain quiescent in the absence of challenges. Immune cells rely on metabolic pathways to adapt to changing environments and stimuli. Additionally, these cells can be modified in function or fate by fluctuations in available nutrients. The chapters in this book describe ways in which immune cells utilize and are regulated by metabolic pathways. Topics include how immune-cell metabolism shapes immune homeostasis, and how dysregulation of these pathways can lead to immune disorders. In different contexts, such as a tumor microenvironment, immune-cell function and identity may be modified not only by cytokines and checkpoint molecules, but also by nutrient availability and other metabolic stimuli. Transcriptional reprogramming confers many of the changes in immune cell metabolism that are seen when a T-cell, for example, undergoes activation or functional adaptation to different environments. Lastly, immune cells can destructively or protectively participate in human metabolic homeostasis or disorders. This book summarizes immune-metabolism from a variety of different perspectives, including the ways in which metabolic cues, pathways, and requirements of immune cells change in conditions of homeostasis and activation. The exploration of the significance of metabolic checkpoints and other cues, particularly in the context of cancer and immune disorders, may form the foundation for the development of therapeutics.

Author : Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303086684X
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Essential Aspects of Immunometabolism in Health and Disease written by Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-21 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Immunometabolism has emerged as an intersectional crossroad between metabolism and immune response. Over the past decade, it has become clear that most - if not all - immune cell functions are not separated from cellular metabolism. Although seminal works have addressed the metabolic fate of immune cells during differentiation and function, the physiological status of a given tissue is also dependent on the cell metabolism. The dialogue between immune cells and their microenvironment can also modulate cellular metabolism, which can trigger the onset and progression of a multitude of inflammation-mediated diseases. Thus, uncovering the specific characteristics of the metabolism in different immune cells types and in different conditions, can shed light into the molecular mechanisms of disease and help develop new drugs and therapeutic strategies to treat immune diseases. The edited volume Essentials aspects of Immunometabolism will give the readers a broad view on how metabolic pathways can influence many types of immune cells during activation, differentiation and function, in health and disease. Of note, the structure of the book was created thinking not only on the experienced immunologist but also on undergraduate and graduate students, physicians, and all members of the scientific community interested in this exciting field of research.

Author : Alexander Choukèr
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030169960
Total Pages : 756 pages
Book Rating : 4.61/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Stress Challenges and Immunity in Space written by Alexander Choukèr and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-27 with total page 756 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explains how stress – either psychological or physical – can activate and/or paralyse human innate or adaptive immunity. Adequate immunity is crucial for maintaining health, both on Earth and in space. During space flight, human physiology is specifically challenged by complex environmental stressors, which are most pronounced during lunar or interplanetary missions. Adopting an interdisciplinary approach, the book identifies the impact of these stressors – the space exposome – on immunity as a result of (dys-)functions of specific cells, organs and organ networks. These conditions (e.g. gravitation changes, radiation, isolation/confinement) affect immunity, but at the same time provide insights that may help to prevent, diagnose and address immune-related health alterations. Written by experts from academia, space agencies and industry, the book is a valuable resource for professionals, researchers and students in the field of medicine, biology and technology. The chapters “The Impact of Everyday Stressors on the Immune System and Health”, “Stress and Radiation Responsiveness” and “Assessment of Radiosensitivity and Biomonitoring of Exposure to Space adiation” are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Author : Shailendra K. Saxena
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 1838807659
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.58/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Innate Immunity in Health and Disease written by Shailendra K. Saxena and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2021-08-25 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book focuses on various aspects and properties of innate immunity, whose deep understanding is integral for safeguarding the human race from further loss of resources and economies due to innate immune response-mediated diseases. Throughout this book, we examine the individual mechanisms by which the innate immune response acts to protect the host from pathogenic infectious agents and other non-communicable diseases. Written by experts in the field, the volume discusses the significance of macrophages in infectious disease, tumor metabolism, and muscular disorders. Chapters cover such topics as the fate of differentiated macrophages and the molecular pathways that are important for the pathologic role of macrophages.

Author : Toshikazu Yoshikawa
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805590970
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Food Factors for Health Promotion written by Toshikazu Yoshikawa and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food factors are considered to be critical for human health promotion and play an important role in the prevention of life-style related diseases. One of the major challenges in this context is to determine the multiple factors associated with the causes of these diseases, as well as to develop a method of detecting changes in the initial stage and to establish a diagnostic approach that can be used in prevention studies of food factors.This publication features chapters on genomics, proteomics, bioavailability and safety, antioxidants, life-style related diseases and on chemoprevention and cancer. Basic scientists with a focus on food factors, clinicians planning a prospective preventive study of food factors in life-style-related diseases, as well as company researchers studying health promotional effects of food or food ingredients will find a wealth of information in this book.

Author : Anne Le
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331977736X
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.68/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Heterogeneity of Cancer Metabolism written by Anne Le and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-06-26 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic alterations in cancer, in addition to being the fundamental drivers of tumorigenesis, can give rise to a variety of metabolic adaptations that allow cancer cells to survive and proliferate in diverse tumor microenvironments. This metabolic flexibility is different from normal cellular metabolic processes and leads to heterogeneity in cancer metabolism within the same cancer type or even within the same tumor. In this book, we delve into the complexity and diversity of cancer metabolism, and highlight how understanding the heterogeneity of cancer metabolism is fundamental to the development of effective metabolism-based therapeutic strategies. Deciphering how cancer cells utilize various nutrient resources will enable clinicians and researchers to pair specific chemotherapeutic agents with patients who are most likely to respond with positive outcomes, allowing for more cost-effective and personalized cancer therapeutic strategies.

Author : Satish C. Kalhan
Publisher : Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers
ISBN 13 : 3805590091
Total Pages : 281 pages
Book Rating : 4.99/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Emerging Societies written by Satish C. Kalhan and published by Karger Medical and Scientific Publishers. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 281 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In many developing and emerging societies, the coexistence of malnutrition and obesity is becoming increasingly prevalent. Caused by a rapid change in terms of economic growth and increased availability of food, the main challenge of this nutrition transition is the balance between short-term benefits and long-term risks of increased metabolic diseases.The publication at hand starts with an epidemiological overview, including regional case studies from India, China and Africa. This is followed by an in-depth evaluation of the phenomenon, focussing on the origin and prevalence of malnutrition and its link to obesity, the possible mechanisms of metabolic injury, and the strategies for preventing the projected epidemic of non-communicable disease. Also stressed is the need for further research to determine which population segments should be targeted at what stages of their lifecycle in order to achieve optimal results.Written by an international panel of experts, this volume will be of particular value for pediatricians, perinatologists, obstetricians, endocrinologists, public health scientists and epidemiologists.

Author : Thomas Seyfried
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118310306
Total Pages : 482 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Cancer as a Metabolic Disease written by Thomas Seyfried and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2012-05-18 with total page 482 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book addresses controversies related to the origins of cancer and provides solutions to cancer management and prevention. It expands upon Otto Warburg's well-known theory that all cancer is a disease of energy metabolism. However, Warburg did not link his theory to the "hallmarks of cancer" and thus his theory was discredited. This book aims to provide evidence, through case studies, that cancer is primarily a metabolic disease requring metabolic solutions for its management and prevention. Support for this position is derived from critical assessment of current cancer theories. Brain cancer case studies are presented as a proof of principle for metabolic solutions to disease management, but similarities are drawn to other types of cancer, including breast and colon, due to the same cellular mutations that they demonstrate.