The Long Term Retention Of Knowledge And Skills A Cognitive And Instructional Perspective

Author : Marshall J. Farr
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461210623
Total Pages : 171 pages
Book Rating : 4.27/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Long-Term Retention of Knowledge and Skills written by Marshall J. Farr and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUNDl,2 This report reviews and interprets research on the nature and magnitude of the effects of those factors which influence how well knowledge and skills (K&S) are retained over relatively long periods of nonuse. Our interest lies in the kinds of knowledge domains and skills that military personnel must master to function effectively on their jobs. The practical concern impelling this study is that K&S degradation or loss (which we will refer to as "decay") can and does occur, often and severely enough, to jeopardize military preparedness. There are occasions in all the military services when personnel who have just completed their training do not receive an opportunity to practice or use their new capabilities for weeks or months. In the case of reservists who may be called back to active duty, the period of nonuse of relevant military job skills may be counted in terms of years. B. OBJECTIVES The overall objective is to critically analyze the relevant scientific literature which relates the processes involved in learning to those of memory, taking into account the characteristics of the learner and the learning tasks. More specifically, we have focused on the following sub-objectives: 1. Identify, describe and rank the influence and the interactions of the important major variables that affect long-term retention (LTR); 1 I am indebted to Dr. Jesse Orlansky, Institute for Defense Analyses, for his encouragement and guidance through all phases of this report.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Long-Term Retention of Knowledge and Skills: A Cognitive and Instructional Perspective written by and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report reviews factors that influence how well knowledge and skills are retained over relatively long periods of nonuse. A cognitively oriented interpretation is applied to prior findings and beliefs about the nature of long-term retention. The report identifies instructional strategies (conditions of learning) which promote long-term retention and do not have an adverse impact on learning.

Author : Marshall J Farr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781461210634
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.31/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Long-Term Retention of Knowledge and Skills written by Marshall J Farr and published by . This book was released on 1987-06-01 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Robert A. Wisher
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 42 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Staying Sharp written by Robert A. Wisher and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This report reviews what is known about forgetting as it applies to military tasks. It includes research conducted by the Army Research Institute as well as related work performed by the Air Force and Navy and leading academic institutions. The report distinguishes the memory for knowledge and skill related to procedural tasks, cognitive tasks, and perceptual-motor tasks. Memory for task knowledge has been demonstrated to be quite good. Memory for cognitive skills has been demonstrated to be quite good. Memory for psychomotor skills varies, depending on whether the task is continuous, such as riding a bicycle, or discrete, such as executing the separate performance steps involved in disassembling a rifle. Throughout the report, figures depict the relative sustainment or decay of a skill as reported in the research literature. A final section concerns the factors that influence the reacquisition of a skill after extended periods of nonuse, as might occur during a mobilization."--DTIC.

Author : Elizabeth Ligon Bjork
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080536190
Total Pages : 609 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Memory written by Elizabeth Ligon Bjork and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1996-09-18 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Memory conveys the state of knowledge regarding human memory. This book is composed of seven parts beginning with a discussion on different memory structures and the processes that regulate the flow of information between those structures. A chapter follows on the distinction between explicit and implicit memory. Other chapters address the different aspects of storing information in long-term memory; how information in long-term memories is accessed; and the controlling and monitoring of such storage and retrieval processes. How memory capacities and characteristics vary as a function of individual differences and aging, as well as the implications of memory research for two real-world domains of strong interest: witness interrogation and testimony and the long-term retention of skills and knowledge, are also addressed. This handbook will be an important resource for students of human memory.

Author : D.P. Ausubel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401594546
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.47/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Acquisition and Retention of Knowledge: A Cognitive View written by D.P. Ausubel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1963 an initial attempt was made in my The Psychology of Meaningful Verbal Learning to present a cognitive theory of meaningful as opposed to rote verbal learning. It was based on the proposition that the acquisition and retention of knowl edge (particularly of verbal knowledge as, for example, in school, or subject-matter learning) is the product of an active, integrative, interactional process between instructional material (subject matter) and relevant ideas in the leamer's cognitive structure to which the new ideas are relatable in particular ways. This book is a full-scale revision of my 1963 monograph, The Psychology of Meaningful Verbal Learning, in the sense that it addresses the major aforementioned and hitherto unmet goals by providing for an expansion, clarification, differentiation, and sharper focusing of the principal psychological variables and processes involved in meaningful learning and retention, i.e., for their interrelationships and interactions leading to the generation of new meanings in the individual learner. The preparation of this new monograph was largely necessitated by the virtual collapse of the neobe havioristic theoretical orientation to learning during the previous forty years; and by the meteoric rise in the seventies and beyond of constructivist approaches to learning theory.

Author : Alice F. Healy
Publisher : SAGE
ISBN 13 : 0803957599
Total Pages : 373 pages
Book Rating : 4.96/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Learning and Memory of Knowledge and Skills written by Alice F. Healy and published by SAGE. This book was released on 1995 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By analyzing the results of experiments that use a wide variety of training tasks including those that were predominantly perceptual, cognitive, or motoric, this volume answers such questions as: Why do some people forget certain skills faster than others? What kind of training helps people retain new skills longer? Inspired by the work of Harry Bahrick and the concept of "permastore," the contributors explore the Stroop effect, mental calculation, vocabulary retention, contextual interference effects, autobiographical memory, and target detection. They also summarize an investigation on specificity and transfer in choice reaction time tasks. In each chapter, the authors explore how the degree to which reinstatement of training procedures during retention and transfer tests accounts for both durability and specificity of training. Researchers and administrators in education and training will find important implications in this book for enhancing the retention of knowledge of skills. "You have to read this book. Anyone interested in training will want to read it. This book provides the theoretical bases of the acquisition of durable skills for the next decade. It advances and demonstrates a new principle of skill learning that will prove to be as important as the encoding specificity principle and its corollary, the principle of transfer appropriate processing. This new principle is that highly practiced skill learning will be durable when the retention test embodies the procedures employed during acquisition. This principle, and the other important findings reported in this text, will have a great impact on the evolution of memory theory and on the wide range of applications." --Douglas Hermann, University of Maryland

Author : Joseph Psotka
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9780805801927
Total Pages : 580 pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Intelligent Tutoring Systems written by Joseph Psotka and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 580 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The power and potential of current ITS technology is described here by the designers and builders of major ITS projects. The book illustrates how, in less than a decade, the field of Intelligent Tutoring Systems has advanced from experimental systems in universities to systems that perform practical, real-world tasks. Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Lessons Learned provides a first-hand, detailed account of how these systems were designed and built out of state-of-the-art technology. The essays build on the basic research foundations of the field and define the abilities and limitations of current knowledge. With this critical volume, teachers and industrial trainers have a realistic view of the future of their professions, and students, researchers, and professionals in AI, education, cognitive science, and psychology have both an introduction to the field and a comprehensive reference.

Author : Annette Kluge
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9400750498
Total Pages : 201 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills for Taskwork and Teamwork to Control Complex Technical Systems written by Annette Kluge and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-05-05 with total page 201 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides the first comprehensive literature review on the acquisition and retention of complex skills in High Reliability Organizations. Based on this review, it introduces a theoretical model of how skill and knowledge acquisition for complex tasks is accomplished and shows how this model can be used to derive training methods and instructional techniques. Successful acquisition and retention of complex technical skills within High Reliability Organizations requires a full understanding of the learning process, knowledge structure, and skill requirements associated with the effective operation and management of technology. For researchers and for organizations, the understanding of these processes is vital for designing training programs as well as for reducing errors with severe consequences for human lives and the environment. Until now, only theoretical fragments exist on this topic, and only a very limited number of publications actually address complex tasks in vocational/occupational settings. “The Acquisition of Knowledge and Skills for Task Work and Teamwork to Control Complex Technical Systems ” uses its literature overview and theoretical model to formulate training principles, that can be used to develop training experiments for further empirical investigations as well as training methods for applied organizational contexts.

Author : Theodore M. Shlechter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.59/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Effects of Small Group and Individual Computer-base Instruction on Retention and on Training Lower Ability Soldiers written by Theodore M. Shlechter and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: