The Long Arm Of Moores Law

Author : Cyrus C. M. Mody
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262035499
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Long Arm of Moore's Law written by Cyrus C. M. Mody and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-12-09 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How, beginning in the mid 1960s, the US semiconductor industry helped shape changes in American science, including a new orientation to the short-term and the commercial. Since the mid 1960s, American science has undergone significant changes in the way it is organized, funded, and practiced. These changes include the decline of basic research by corporations; a new orientation toward the short-term and the commercial, with pressure on universities and government labs to participate in the market; and the promotion of interdisciplinarity. In this book, Cyrus Mody argues that the changes in American science that began in the 1960s co-evolved with and were shaped by the needs of the “civilianized” US semiconductor industry. In 1965, Gordon Moore declared that the most profitable number of circuit components that can be crammed on a single silicon chip doubles every year. Mody views “Moore's Law” less as prediction than as self-fulfilling prophecy, pointing to the enormous investments of capital, people, and institutions the semiconductor industry required—the “long arm” of Moore's Law that helped shape all of science. Mody offers a series of case studies in microelectronics that illustrate the reach of Moore's Law. He describes the pressures on Stanford University's electrical engineers during the Vietnam era, IBM's exploration of alternatives to semiconductor technology, the emergence of consortia to integrate research across disciplines and universities, and the interwoven development of the the molecular electronics community and associated academic institutions as the vision of a molecular computer informed the restructuring of research programs.

Author : Cyrus C. M. Mody
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262341417
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.17/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Long Arm of Moore's Law written by Cyrus C. M. Mody and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-12-02 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How, beginning in the mid 1960s, the US semiconductor industry helped shape changes in American science, including a new orientation to the short-term and the commercial. Since the mid 1960s, American science has undergone significant changes in the way it is organized, funded, and practiced. These changes include the decline of basic research by corporations; a new orientation toward the short-term and the commercial, with pressure on universities and government labs to participate in the market; and the promotion of interdisciplinarity. In this book, Cyrus Mody argues that the changes in American science that began in the 1960s co-evolved with and were shaped by the needs of the “civilianized” US semiconductor industry. In 1965, Gordon Moore declared that the most profitable number of circuit components that can be crammed on a single silicon chip doubles every year. Mody views “Moore's Law” less as prediction than as self-fulfilling prophecy, pointing to the enormous investments of capital, people, and institutions the semiconductor industry required—the “long arm” of Moore's Law that helped shape all of science. Mody offers a series of case studies in microelectronics that illustrate the reach of Moore's Law. He describes the pressures on Stanford University's electrical engineers during the Vietnam era, IBM's exploration of alternatives to semiconductor technology, the emergence of consortia to integrate research across disciplines and universities, and the interwoven development of the the molecular electronics community and associated academic institutions as the vision of a molecular computer informed the restructuring of research programs.

Author : Matthew N. Eisler
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262372037
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Age of Auto Electric written by Matthew N. Eisler and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2022-12-06 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The electric vehicle revival reflects negotiations between public policy, which promotes clean, fuel-efficient vehicles, and the auto industry, which promotes high-performance vehicles. Electric cars were once as numerous as internal combustion engine cars before all but vanishing from American roads around World War I. Now, we are in the midst of an electric vehicle revival, and the goal for a sustainable car seems to be within reach. In Age of Auto Electric, Matthew N. Eisler shows that the halting development of the electric car in the intervening decades was a consequence of tensions between environmental, energy, and economic policy imperatives that informed a protracted reappraisal of the automobile system. These factors drove the electric vehicle revival, argues Eisler, hastening automaking’s transformation into a science-based industry in the process. Challenging the common assumption that the electric vehicle revival is due to the development of better batteries, Age of Auto Electric instead focuses on changing environmental and socioeconomic conditions, energy and environmental policies, systems of energy conversion and industrial production, and innovation practices that affected the prevalence and popularity of electric vehicles in recent decades. Eisler describes a world in transition from legacy to alternative energy-conversion systems and the promises, compromises, new problems, and unintended consequences that enterprise has entailed.

Author : Konstantinos Chatzis
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262048108
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.01/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Forecasting Travel in Urban America written by Konstantinos Chatzis and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2023-07-11 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of urban travel demand modeling (UTDM) and its enormous influence on American life from the 1920s to the present. For better and worse, the automobile has been an integral part of the American way of life for decades. Its ascendance would have been far less spectacular, however, had engineers and planners not devised urban travel demand modeling (UTDM). This book tells the story of this irreplaceable engineering tool that has helped cities accommodate continuous rise in traffic from the 1950s on. Beginning with UTDM’s origins as a method to help plan new infrastructure, Konstantinos Chatzis follows its trajectory through new generations of models that helped make optimal use of existing capacity and examines related policy instruments, including the recent use of intelligent transportation systems. Chatzis investigates these models as evolving entities involving humans and nonhumans that were shaped through a specific production process. In surveying the various generations of UTDM, he delves into various means of production (from tabulating machines to software packages) and travel survey methods (from personal interviews to GPS tracking devices and smartphones) used to obtain critical information. He also looks at the individuals who have collectively built a distinct UTDM social world by displaying specialized knowledge, developing specific skills, and performing various tasks and functions, and by communicating, interacting, and even competing with one another. Original and refreshingly accessible, Forecasting Travel in Urban America offers the first detailed history behind the thinkers and processes that impact the lives of millions of city dwellers every day.

Author : Fabian Kröger
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 303149881X
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.17/5 ( download)

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Download or read book From Automated to Autonomous Driving written by Fabian Kröger and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Mark J.P. Wolf
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315442663
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.62/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Media Technology and Obsolescence written by Mark J.P. Wolf and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-11-21 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While so many books on technology look at new advances and digital technologies, The Routledge Companion to Media Technology and Obsolescence looks back at analog technologies that are disappearing, considering their demise and what it says about media history, pop culture, and the nature of nostalgia. From card catalogs and typewriters to stock tickers and cathode ray tubes, contributors examine the legacy of analog technologies, including those, like vinyl records, that may be experiencing a resurgency. Each essay includes a brief history of the technology leading up to its peak, an analysis of the reasons for its decline, and a discussion of its influence on newer technologies.

Author : Thomas J. Misa
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421443112
Total Pages : 449 pages
Book Rating : 4.19/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Leonardo to the Internet written by Thomas J. Misa and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2022-02-22 with total page 449 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now updated — A comprehensive, 500-year history of technology in society. Historian Thomas J. Misa's sweeping history of the relationship between technology and society over the past 500 years reveals how technological innovations have shaped—and have been shaped by—the cultures in which they arose. Spanning the preindustrial past, the age of scientific, political, and industrial revolutions, as well as the more recent eras of imperialism, modernism, and global security, this compelling work evaluates what Misa calls "the question of technology." In this edition, Misa brings his acclaimed text up to date by drawing on current scholarship while retaining sharply drawn portraits of individual people, artifacts, and systems. Each chapter has been honed to relate to contemporary concerns. Globalization, Misa argues, looks differently considering today's virulent nationalism, cultural chauvinism, and trade wars. A new chapter focuses on the digital age from 1990 to 2016. The book also examines how today's unsustainable energy systems, insecure information networks, and vulnerable global shipping have helped foster geopolitical risks and instability and takes a look at the coronavirus pandemic from the perspective of Wuhan, China's high-tech district. A masterful analysis of how technology and culture have influenced each other over five centuries, Leonardo to the Internet frames a history that illuminates modern-day problems and prospects faced by our technology-dependent world.

Author : William Aspray
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 153818382X
Total Pages : 515 pages
Book Rating : 4.23/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Writing Computer and Information History written by William Aspray and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2024-05-14 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is not a book about the history of computing or the history of information. Instead, it is a meta-historical book about the research and writing of these types of history. The formal presentation of historical research in the form of a publication often hides the process by which the topic was selected, boundaries were drawn, evidence was selected, analytic approach was chosen and applied, results were presented, how this work fits into a larger body of scholarship, the implicit goals and biases of the author, and many other similar issues. This process of learning about the various ways to carry out computer history or information history can be enriched by this collection of reflective essays by experienced scholars, discussing the craft that they practice. This is a book that concerns both computer history and information history. The first scholarship in computer history by professionally trained scholars began to appear in the 1970s, so we are approaching a half century of research and publication in this area. The field has generated numerous pieces of exemplary scholarship from various perspectives such as intellectual history of individual technologies, business histories of firms, economic histories of market sectors, externalist histories of funding and professionalization, and so on. However, the field continues to evolve, especially as computing and communication technologies have drawn together in the form of the Internet and social media; and with them a new set of scholars is participating, drawn not only from the history of science and technology, but also from the communication and media studies fields. Powerful theories, approaches, and frameworks are being increasingly drawn more widely from both the humanities and the social sciences to inform the practice of computer history. The scholars in this volume look at what’s happened, what’s happening now, and where historical scholarship in these disciplines is headed.

Author : Amy E. Slaton
Publisher : Lever Press
ISBN 13 : 1643150146
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.47/5 ( download)

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Download or read book New Materials written by Amy E. Slaton and published by Lever Press. This book was released on 2020-10-01 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited volume gathers eight cases of industrial materials development, broadly conceived, from North America, Europe and Asia over the last 200 years. Whether given utility as building parts, fabrics, pharmaceuticals, or foodstuffs, whether seen by their proponents as human-made or “found in nature,” materials result from the designation of some matter as both knowable and worth knowing about. In following these determinations we learn that the production of physical novelty under industrial, imperial and other cultural conditions has historically accomplished a huge range of social effects, from accruals of status and wealth to demarcations of bodies and geographies. Among other cases, New Materials traces the beneficent self-identity of Quaker asylum planners who devised soundless metal cell locks in the early 19th century, and the inculcation of national pride attending Taiwanese carbon-fiber bicycle parts in the 21st; the racialized labor organizations promoted by California orange breeders in the 1910s, and bureaucratized distributions of blame for deadly high-rise fires a century later. Across eras and global regions New Materials reflects circumstances not made clear when technological innovation is explained solely as a by-product of modernizing impulses or critiqued simply as a craving for profit. Whether establishing the efficacy of nano-scale pharmaceuticals or the tastiness of farmed catfish, proponents of new materials enact complex political ideologies. In highlighting their actors’ conceptions of efficiency, certainty, safety, pleasure, pain, faith and identity, the authors reveal that to produce a “new material” is invariably to preserve other things, to sustain existing values and social structures.

Author : Mohan Nair
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471672270
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.72/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Essentials of Balanced Scorecard written by Mohan Nair and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2004-05-03 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Balanced scorecard is a widely recognised and accepted performancemeasurement tool that is currently used in thousands oforganisations around the world. This book will help to implementthe organisations' balanced scorecard strategies into action bydefining performance objectives, measures, and targets in fourlinked and balanced perspectives: Financial, Customer, InternalProcess, and Employee Learning and Growth. * Explains what balanced scorecard is and addresses the challengesand solutions for its implementation. * Addresses the concerns of the mid to small corporation as well asthe emerging business * Each chapter provides tips and techniques as well as real worldexamples