The Influence Of International Trade On Economic Growth And Distribution In Developing Countries

Author : Tobias Bidlingmaier
Publisher : Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH
ISBN 13 : 3832526218
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.14/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Influence of International Trade on Economic Growth and Distribution in Developing Countries written by Tobias Bidlingmaier and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2010 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The economies of developing countries today are highly integrated into world markets. Trade volumes in relation to the overall size of the economy are often much higher in developing countries than in industrial ones. The question that emerges from this trend is, "What impact does international trade have on economic growth and distribution in developing countries?" In order to answer this question the present study derives empirical testable hypotheses from theoretical models thereby bridging the existing gap between theory and empirical studies. A broad range of trade variables derived from a growth model incorporating features from the new growth theories suggest adeeperaY effects of trade on economic development that go beyond the standard "openness" correlations. Likewise, the simulation of a trade reform on goods and factor prices shows insightful results on welfare changes for various Thai household categories. The distributional impacts do not correspond with the simple dichotomy of the rich getting richer and the poor becoming poorer.

Author : Olivier Cattaneo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 082138354X
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.44/5 ( download)

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Download or read book International Trade in Services written by Olivier Cattaneo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2010-06-24 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The services sector is key to economic growth, competitiveness, and poverty alleviation. Comprising more than two-thirds of the world economy, services are now commonly traded across borders, helped by technological progress and the increased mobility of persons. In recent years, a number of developing countries have looked at trade in services as a means to both respond to domestic supply shortages and to diversify and boost exports. Any country can tap into the trade potential of services, but not every country can become a services hub across sectors. The opening of the services sector potentially comes with large benefits, but also fears and costs that should not be overlooked. This book provides useful guidelines for the assessment of a country s trade potential, and a roadmap for successful opening and export promotion in select services sectors. It looks at both the effects of increased imports and exports, and provides concrete examples of developing country approaches that have either succeeded or failed to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks of opening. It focuses on sectors that have been rarely analyzed through the trade lens, and/or have a fast growing trade potential for developing countries. These sectors are: accounting, construction, distribution, engineering, environmental, health, information technology, and legal services. This book is designed for non-trade specialists to understand how trade can help improve access to key services in developing countries, and for trade specialists to understand the specific characteristics of each individual sector. It will be a useful tool for governments to design successful trade opening or promotion strategies, and for the private sector and consumers to advocate sound domestic policy reforms accompanying an offensive trade agenda.

Author : A. P. Thirlwall
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 184844401X
Total Pages : 265 pages
Book Rating : 4.10/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Trade Liberalisation and the Poverty of Nations written by A. P. Thirlwall and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a meticulously researched and well written book on a subject of immense contemporary academic and policy interest. Prema-chandra Athukorala, Journal of Development Studies The book is a valuable contribution to the analysis of the links between trade liberalisation, poverty and inequality . . . The book is a coherent piece of work offering an abundance of well-researched and argued information, effectively establishing it as a notable contribution to the investigation and understanding of this very important field. Therefore this book is highly recommended as an important publication for everyone interested in this field as it is a powerful guide to the complex questions that emerge when dealing with the issues of trade liberalisation and poverty elimination at international level. Marios Koutsias, International Trade Law and Regulation Thirlwall and Pacheco-López s book makes its contribution by serving as a clearly written synthesis of a diversity of literatures on trade liberalization and its impacts on growth, inequality and wages, and poverty. . . . the book is an excellent one. It should be a required reading companion to any graduate-level trade course. Kevin P. Gallagher, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities This book breaks out of the standard distinction between free trade and protectionism , and shows how to think constructively about trade policy as an instrument of national economic strategy. It is highly recommended for those who wish to think beyond orthodoxy, and especially for those in developing countries who wish to influence negotiations with developed countries and western-based international organisations. Robert Wade, London School of Economics, UK This is a gem of a book. Based on deep understanding of diverse economic theories and empirical evidence, it offers us a succinct but highly informative overview of the controversies surrounding the impact of trade policy on growth, inequality, and macroeconomics. Ha-Joon Chang, University of Cambridge, UK, and author of Kicking Away the Ladder, and Bad Samaritans Free-trade fundamentalism is gradually making way for a more nuanced and historically well-informed understanding of the role that trade policy plays in economic development. Thirlwall and Pacheco-López provide an excellent review of the relevant literature as well as a sophisticated critique of the earlier, simplistic views. As they explain, it is the details the timing, sequencing, and context that determine whether liberalization will succeed. Dani Rodrik, Harvard University, US This book will infuriate the free trade ultras who believe that liberalisation is the answer to every problem and a good thing too. The real world, as Thirlwall and Pacheco-López show clearly and vividly, is different from the world of theoretical models so beloved by today s economic orthodoxy, and they take delight in tweaking the noses of the Washington consensus. History suggests they are right to argue that managed trade is better for developing countries than swallowing large doses of free-trade medicine. Larry Elliott, The Guardian Orthodox trade and growth theory, and the world s multilateral development institutions, extol the virtues of trade liberalisation and free trade for more rapid economic development of poor countries. However, the contemporary reality and history seem to tell a different story. The world economy has experienced an unprecedented period of trade liberalisation in the last thirty years, and yet international and global inequality is widening; domestic poverty (outside of China) is increasing; poor countries exports have grown more slowly than their imports leading to balance of payments crises, and the so-called globalising economies of the world (excluding China and India) have fared no better, and in some cases worse, than those countries that have not liberalised so extensively. This book argues that orthodox theory is based on many unreal assumptions,

Author : Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya
Publisher : IJOPEC Publication
ISBN 13 : 1999703502
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Development & Growth: Economic Impacts of Globalization written by Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya and published by IJOPEC Publication. This book was released on 2017-04-14 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growth paradigm or the economic growth generally been presented as a positive, limitless and good for social problems. The term was hardly touched in pre-capitalism by any academic research. With the rise of capitalism and industrial revolution it became an important tool to measure production quantitatively and qualitatively. Industrialisation also encouraged the expansion of trade and gradual breakdown of the pre-capitalist order in 18th century in Britain. The spread of market had facilitated the specialisation, encouraging division of labour. Whilst for The Classical Political Economists; Adam Smith, David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus; economic growth is self-reinforcing. Marx pointed out importance of forces and relations of production and significance of social classes within it (Marx, 1863). Smith, Ricardo and Malthus were writing at a time when capitalist development was expanding fast and growth was a central in the process. The gradual impact of the West on the rest of world became part of a wider process of change in the World Economy. European capital increased its domination of the world trade through expansionist commercial policies (Wallerstein, 1979). The economic growth encouraged commerce. The necessity to export, and other technological changes formed part of the reason for the decline of feudalism. This transition from feudalism to capitalism began in the West and soon made an impact on the rest of the World. T Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya (Development & Growth: Economic Impacts of Globalization) 12 In 1932 Simon Kuznets, the US economist identified Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to measure the national output of a country within a period. It has continued to be an important indicator to measure economic growth, but it has also been under considerable criticisms. For example; GDP treats resources as income without excluding depletion or depression of the resources. Moreover, GDP has been criticised for disregarding income distribution. Despite all the criticism, GDP has been the most significant indicator of growth and development. With the Post War-II reconstruction of devastated countries and in order to kick-start the World Economy, the state in both developed and developing counties became the important agency to facilitate economic growth. The establishment of the Bretton Woods institutions, the Keynesian model of government intervention and the US implementation of “New Deal” facilitated growth. This was deliberate strategy to reconstruct and create networks of international cooperation. This was pointed out by President Truman in 1949: A program of development based on the concepts of democratic fair-dealing. All countries, including our own, will greatly benefit from a constructive program for the better use of the World's human and natural resources (Truman, 1949). This meant the reinforcement and need to distribute the 'Benefits' of capitalist form of development, more widely, against the planned economy sustained by the Soviet Union. The economist such as Joseph Schumpeter pointed to the possibility that capitalist growth, if it is sustained, could abolish poverty (Schumpeter, 1954, pp66-68). Whilst development meant rapid industrialisation, GDP became a key policy objective for the policy makers and governments around the world, not just in the Soviet Union but the Western Capitalist World, to set targets for their Growth Rate. The end of the Cold War in the 1980s, for some, meant triumph of Neoliberal Capitalism. The others talked of trade liberalization; free movement of capital and the development of information technology, facilitating the relocation of businesses across the world. (Ohmae, 1995). Friedman suggested that globalization is the Inevitable; Integration of markets, nation-states and technologies ... enabling individuals, corporations and nation-states, to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before (Friedman, 1999). Development & Growth: Economic Impact of Globalization (Edited by: Farhang Morady, Hakan Kapucu, Ömer Yalçınkaya) 13 Francis Fukuyama (1992) suggested the new era as ‘The End of History’ through which the ‘Liberal Idea’ triumphed, leading to a new global hegemony. For Fukuyama the only route to modernity, growth and development is the Neo-liberal Democratic path under Global Capitalism. This optimism was not shared by all academics, as Globalization produced poor growth and polarization of wealth: what Collier terms the ‘Bottom one Billion’ (2008). As a result, there has been major criticism of the World Bank and the International Monetary Funds in the second half of the 1990s, especially with the Asian financial and economic crises. The response from these institutions has been vigorous. They continued to believe that liberalization, deregulation, and privatization represent the best way forward for growth and development. With 2008 world recession the World Economy has faced a new challenge. The emergence of powerful economies such as; China, India and Brazil; helped the world economy to grow, at least for now. However, the unevenness of the world economy continues to cause difficulties especially the US as they feeling the threat of their competitors such as China, Germany and even India. The victory of Donald Trump as the S President has represented an ideological shift from free trade advocator of global capitalism to a mixture of right-wing populism. Before and after the presidential election, he called for the revival of the American economy, which has been under considerable pressure since 2008 World Recession. In order to prove growth rate Trump has a huge challenge ahead, not least to deal with the competition from South East Asian economies, especially China. It remains to be seen whether the new US administration will continue with their populist rhetoric In this book, “Economic Impacts of Globalization: Growth & Development”, several academicians provide different analysis of economic growth and economic development. The scientific ethics and responsibility of the works in the book belong to the authors / writers. The book compromises of 15 chapters focusing on economic growth and economic development in the era of globalisation. By taking different angles, they demonstrate different problems and solutions.

Author : Ebrima K. Ceesay
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3668649448
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Impact of Trade on the Economic Growth of The Gambia written by Ebrima K. Ceesay and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2018-02-28 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (undergraduate) from the year 2017 in the subject Business economics - Trade and Distribution, grade: 76.0, University of The Gambia (University of the Gambia), course: Economics, language: English, abstract: The study examined the general impact of trade on economic growth in the Gambia from 1965 to 2016. Accordingly we have done three analyses in order to get appropriate answers to our research problems. We performed some econometric methods such as Augmented Dickey Fuller test, Johansen co-integration test and vector error correction model. The findings of the stationery test shows the present of unit root. The OLS regression results shows that import, interest rate, real effective exchange rate, and inflation are positively correlated with GDP, while export is negatively correlated with GDP. The result shows that GDP lag, import, and real effective exchange rate can not influence economic growth while export, interest rate, and inflation can highly influence economic growth of the Gambia, even though export negatively influence economic of the Gambia. This positive relationship suggests that the economy of the Gambia can potentially be expanded by means of trade, while the negative relationship means that it has no bearing on the economic growth of the Gambia, From the overall analysis, it is revealed that the variables included in the model have a 50% influence on economic growth while the remaining 50% constitute variables not included in the model. This implies that (a) Trade has an impact on economic growth of the Gambia. (b) Trade is a robust determinant of economic growth in the Gambia even though that there is still room for research on the impact of trade on economic growth in the Gambia. (c) The effect of trade and extent of the market on growth is a recurring issue in the world of economics. This study recommends that if the Gambia economic growth is to be increased, then policymakers should came up with strategies that encourage more imports, reduce interest rate, and maintain a stable exchange rate and inflation rate in the Gambia. The negative sign of export means policymakers should pay less attention to export.

Author : Pooja Lakhanpal
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9813369736
Total Pages : 396 pages
Book Rating : 4.33/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Trade, Investment and Economic Growth written by Pooja Lakhanpal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-10 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book contributes to the growing literature pertaining to empirical and policy issues in international trade, foreign capital flows and issues in finance, implications for India and emerging economies related to trade and development interface, and analysis of sector level growth and development in India. Further, the focus is on the policy aspects of these themes and their role in fostering economic development in the context of India and other emerging market economies. The discourse focuses mainly on empirical work and econometric details. The relevant issues are investigated using state of the art techniques such as gravity models, panel co-integration, generalized hyperbolic distributions, SEM, FMOLS and Probit models. In addition, detailed literature survey, discussions on data availability, issues related to statistical estimation techniques and a theoretical background, ensure that each chapter significantly contributes to the ever-growing literature on international trade and capital flows. The readers shall find an engaging dialogue on the crucial role played by policy and the trade-capital flows-growth experience of emerging economies. The book is relevant for those who are interested in contemporary issues in trade, growth and finance as well as for students of advanced econometrics who may benefit from the analytical and econometric exposition. The empirical evidences provided here could serve as ready reference for academicians, researchers and policy makers, particularly in emerging economies facing similar challenges.

Author : Anne O. Krueger
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 145184493X
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.31/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Trade, Growth, and Poverty written by Anne O. Krueger and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This survey of the recent literature asks: how important is trade policy for poverty reduction? We consider the effects of openness on poverty in two components: the effect of openness on average income growth, and the effect on distribution for a given growth rate. Evidence from a variety of sources (cross-country and panel growth regressions, industry and firm-level research, and case studies) supports the view that trade openness contributes greatly to growth. Moreover, trade openness does not have systematic effects on the poor beyond its effect on overall growth. Trade policy is only one of many determinants of growth and poverty reduction. Trade openness has important positive spillovers on other aspects of reform, however, so that the correlation of trade with other pro-reform policies speaks to the advantages of making openness a primary part of the reform package.

Author : David Colman
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780389205500
Total Pages : 462 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Economics of Change in Less Developed Countries written by David Colman and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 1986 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The comprehensive range of topics includes: the concept and measurement of development; economic theory and development; economic quality and development; human resource development; international trade; foreign exchange flows and indebtedness; agricultural transformation and development; industrial development; the transnational corporation; the transformation of technology; inflation; stabilization and the IMF. A classic book modernized for contemporary study.

Author : J. F. J. Toye
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843767473
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.73/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Trade and Development written by J. F. J. Toye and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays are of high quality and full of interesting details, which is not a surprise given the distinguished group of scholars that contributed. . . this is an impressive collection of essays that adds significantly to the discussion of policies for developing countries in the context of globalization. I would strongly recommend it to academics and students interested in development, as well as policymakers in developing countries. Ricardo A. López, Journal of International Development This book questions what enduring lessons have been learnt about the interdependence of international trade and economic development during the last 50 years. Since the end of the Cold War and the advent of the WTO, developing countries have been forced to face the choice of whether, and to what extent, to integrate economically with the rest of the world. The key issue of international political economy is emphasized. The authors argue that while integration through trade has become increasingly necessary for successful development, it rapidly encounters a series of problems that remain to be resolved. These range from increasing inequality and instability, the vagaries of WTO rules, persistent agricultural protection in developed countries, through to inadequate finance and new waves of technological innovation. Underlying all these concerns, however, is the deeper question of how much the developing countries can influence the setting of the rules of the international system. Trade and Development examines all the major topics in the area of trade and development, along with proposals for new directions for UNCTAD. The book will be of great interest to academics, researchers, NGOs and policymakers involved in international and development economics.

Author : Gottfried Haberler
Publisher : ICS Press
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.93/5 ( download)

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Download or read book International Trade and Economic Development written by Gottfried Haberler and published by ICS Press. This book was released on 1988 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: