The German Chemical Industry In The Twentieth Century

Author : John E. Lesch
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401593779
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.79/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The German Chemical Industry in the Twentieth Century written by John E. Lesch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the twentieth century, dyes, pharmaceuticals, photographic products, explosives, insecticides, fertilizers, synthetic rubber, fuels, and fibers, plastics, and other products have flowed out of the chemical industry and into the consumer economies, war machines, farms, and medical practices of industrial societies. The German chemical industry has been a major site for the development and application of the science-based technologies that gave rise to these products, and has had an important role as exemplar, stimulus, and competitor in the international chemical industry. This volume explores the German chemical industry's scientific and technological dimension, its international connections, and its development after 1945. The authors relate scientific and technological change in the industry to evolving German political and economic circumstances, including two world wars, the rise and fall of National Socialism, the post-war division of Germany, and the emergence of a global economy. This book will be of interest to historians of modern Germany, to historians of science and technology, and to business and economic historians.

Author : Kathryn Steen
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469612909
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The American Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry written by Kathryn Steen and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: American Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry: War and Politics, 1910-1930

Author : Anthony S. Travis
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401712336
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.30/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Determinants in the Evolution of the European Chemical Industry, 1900–1939 written by Anthony S. Travis and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The editors wish to thank the European Science Foundation for its support of the programme on the Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939, as well as for sponsoring the publication of this volume. Through the subdivision of this initiative that deals specifically with chemical industry it has been possible for historians of science, technology, business and economics to share often widely differing viewpoints and develop consensus across disciplinary and cultural boundaries. The contents of this volume are based on the third of three workshops that have considered the emergence of the modern European chemical industry prior to 1939, the first held in Liege (1994), the second in Maastricht (1995), and the third in Strasbourg (1996). All contributors and participants are thanked for their participation in often lively and informative debates. The generous hospitality of the European Science Foundation and its staff in Strasbourg is gratefully acknowledged. Introduction Emerging chemical knowledge and the development of chemical industry, and particularly the interaction between them, offer rich fields of study for the historian. This is reflected in the contents of the three workshops dealing with the emergence of chemical industry held under the aegis of the European Science Foundation's Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939, programme. The first workshop focused mainly on science for industry, 1789- 1850, and the second on the two-way traffic between science and industry, 1850-1914. The third workshop, dealing with the period 1900-1939, covers similar issues, but within different, and wider, contexts.

Author : Lion Hirth
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783638832397
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.92/5 ( download)

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Download or read book State, Cartels and Growth written by Lion Hirth and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Paper (postgraduate) from the year 2007 in the subject Business economics - Economic and Social History, grade: 1,0, University of Massachusetts - Amherst (Department of Economics), course: European Economic History, 64 entries in the bibliography, language: English, abstract: This paper provides an analysis of the German chemical industry during the "Second Industrial Revolution" of the late 19th and the early 20th century. It is modeled after Steven Webb's (1980) article on the iron and steel industry. Here it is argued that the exceptional growth and success of the industry - chemicals were the fastest growing industry in Germany and by 1890 German firms held 85% world market share in dyestuff production - was supported by a high degree of market con-centration and cartelization. This enabled the firms to gain large economies of scale and scope through backward integra-tion and product diversification. Dynamic efficiency gains were mainly achieved by relaxing credit constraints, reducing uncertainty, and allocate investment more efficiently. It is further argued that state action played a crucial role in setting up and stabilizing cartels. This analysis is in line with a Schumpeterian view of welfare-enhancing effects of imperfect competi-tion. While these findings obviously do not question anti-trust policy per se, they do question a mechanical view on market structure that is common in much mainstream economic thinking.

Author : Fred Aftalion
Publisher : Chemical Heritage Foundation
ISBN 13 : 9780941901291
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A History of the International Chemical Industry written by Fred Aftalion and published by Chemical Heritage Foundation. This book was released on 2001 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fred Aftalion's international perspective of the history of chemistry integrates the story of chemical science with that of chemical industry. This new edition includes events from 1990 to 2000, when major companies began selling off their divisions, seeking to specialize in a particular business. Aftalion explores the pitfalls these companies encountered as well as the successes of "contrarians"--those companies that remained broad and diversified. He uses BASF, Dow, and Bayer as examples of true contrarians.

Author : Fred Aftalion
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 9780812282078
Total Pages : 450 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A History of the International Chemical Industry written by Fred Aftalion and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 1991 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike conventional histories written about the field of chemistry, this study presents an international perspective, integrating the story of chemical science with that of the chemical industry, and emphasizing the developments of the twentieth century.

Author : Ernst Homburg
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792348894
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.93/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Chemical Industry in Europe, 1850–1914 written by Ernst Homburg and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-10-31 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Europe is the cradle of the modem international chemical industry. From the middle of the nineteenth century until the outbreak of World War I, the European chemical industry influenced not only the production and control of science and technology, but also made significant contributions towards economic development, as well as bringing about profound changes in working and living enviromnents. It is a highly complex heritage, both rich and threatening, that calls for close scrutinity. Fortunately, a unique opportunity to explore the historical development of the European chemical industry from a variety of novel standpoints, was made possible during 1993 as part of the European Science Foundation (ESF) programme called 'The Evolution of Chemistry in Europe, 1789-1939.' This process of exploration has taken place through three workshops, each dealing with different time periods. The workshop concerned with the period 1850-1914, which corresponds roughly to the so-called Second Industrial Revolution, was held in Maastricht, The Netherlands, on 23-25 March 1995. This volume is the outcome of that workshop. The other workshops dealing with European chemical industry were held in Liege in 1994, covering the First Industrial Revolution period, 1789-1850, and Strasbourg in 1996, covering the period between the two World Wars.

Author : Peter Hayes
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521786386
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.8X/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Industry and Ideology written by Peter Hayes and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2000-11-13 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines IG Farben Chemicals and the power of big business in the Third Reich economy.

Author : Werner Abelshauser
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139438751
Total Pages : 733 pages
Book Rating : 4.59/5 ( download)

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Download or read book German Industry and Global Enterprise written by Werner Abelshauser and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2003-11-10 with total page 733 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The corporate history of BASF spans an era of German and international economic history that began with the rise of the 'new industries' as of the late nineteenth century and continues today in their confrontation with the new economy. This book examines BASF's corporate governance, financial system, industrial relations, system of qualification and relation to other companies. A corporate history of BASF promises more than an insight into the functioning of an industrial organisation. It also reveals the reasons for the extraordinary economic dynamics of the German empire and the enormous expansion of the world economy before World War I. BASF's history stands at the centre of Germany's wartime economy during two world wars and highlights both its strengths and weaknesses. Just as the IG Farben trust helped support Germany's course of politicoeconomic autarky after 1933, so it was that BASF helped facilitate West Germany's startlingly quick return to the world market. BASF has since been among the transnational companies whose efforts at the leading edge of economic and technological progress are paradigmatic for Germany's entry into the new economy of the twenty-first century.

Author : Alfred D. Chandler Jr.
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674029372
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Shaping the Industrial Century written by Alfred D. Chandler Jr. and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-07-01 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dean of business historians continues his masterful chronicle of the transforming revolutions of the twentieth century begun in Inventing the Electronic Century. Alfred Chandler argues that only with consistent attention to research and development and an emphasis on long-term corporate strategies could firms remain successful over time. He details these processes for nearly every major chemical and pharmaceutical firm, demonstrating why some companies forged ahead while others failed. By the end of World War II, the chemical and pharmaceutical industries were transformed by the commercializing of new learning, the petrochemical and the antibiotic revolutions. But by the 1970s, chemical science was no longer providing the new learning necessary to commercialize more products, although new directions flourished in the pharmaceutical industries. In the 1980s, major drug companies, including Eli Lilly, Merck, and Schering Plough, commercialized the first biotechnology products, and as the twenty-first century began, the infrastructure of this biotechnology revolution was comparable to that of the second industrial revolution just before World War I and the information revolution of the 1960s. Shaping the Industrial Century is a major contribution to our understanding of the most dynamic industries of the modern era.