Book Synopsis The Geologic History of the Moon by :
Download or read book The Geologic History of the Moon written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
The Geologic History Of The Moon
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The Geologic History of the Moon
Author : U S Department of the Interior
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781495919855
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.54/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Geologic History of the Moon by : U S Department of the Interior
Download or read book The Geologic History of the Moon written by U S Department of the Interior and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-02-12 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Moon held little interest for most scientists after its basic astronomic properties had been determined and before direct exploration appeared likely. Speculations about its internal structure, composition, and origin were only broadly constrained by cosmochemical data from meteorites and solar spectra, and by astronomic data about its size, shape, motions, and surficial properties. Most investigators who were active before the space age began in 1957 believed that significant new advances in lunar knowledge required acquisition of additional data. One analytical technique, however, was insufficiently exploited before the 1960's. Few scientists since the geologist Gilbert had studied the lunar surface systematically from the historical point of view. Those who did immediately obtained important new insights about the Moon's postaccretion evolution. Then, the pioneering work of E.M. Shoemaker and R.J. Hackman focused the powerful methods of stratigraphy on lunar problems. Stratigraphy is the study of the spatial distribution, chronologic relations, and formative processes of layered rocks. Its application to the Moon came relatively late and met resistance, but the fundamental stratigraphic approach was, in fact, readily transferable to the partly familiar, partly exotic deposits visible on the lunar surface. Stratigraphic methods were applied systematically during the 1960's in a program of geologic mapping that aimed at reconstructing the evolution of the Moon's nearside. Order was discovered among the seemingly diverse and random landforms of the lunar surface by determining the sequence in which they were emplaced. The stratigraphic sequence and the emplacement processes deduced therefrom provided a framework for exploration by the Apollo program and for the task of analyzing the returned samples. During the 19703, the sophisticated labor of hundreds of analysts was brought to bear on the wealth of material returned by the American Apollo and the Soviet Luna spacecraft. Our present perception of the Moon has emerged from the interplay between sampling studies and stratigraphically based photogeology. These two approaches are complementary: Photogeology contributes a historical context by viewing the whole Moon from a distant vantage point, whereas the samples contain information on rock types and absolute ages unobtainable by remote methods. Neither approach by itself, even the most elaborate program of direct surface exploration, could have yielded the current advanced state of knowledge within the relatively short time of two decades. This volume presents a model for the geologic evolution of the Moon that has emerged mainly from this integration of photogeologic stratigraphy and sample analysis. Other aspects of the vast field of lunar science are discussed here only insofar as they pertain to the evolution of visible surface features. Chemical data obtained by remote sensing supplement the photogeologic interpretations of some geologic units, and geophysical data obtained both from lunar orbit and on the surface constrain hypotheses of the origin of many internally generated structures and deposits. Studies of the same data that treat the Moon as a whole, including speculations about the intriguing but unsolved problem of its origin, have been adequately covered in other reviews. This volume is written primarily for geoscientists and other planetologists who have examined some aspect of lunar or planetary science and who want a review of lunar science from the viewpoint of historical geology. It should also provide a useful summary for the advanced student who is conversant with common geologic terms. It may, furthermore, interest the geologist who has not studied the Moon but who wishes to see how his methodology has been applied to another planet.
The Geologic History of the Moon
Author : Don E. Wilhelms
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.06/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Geologic History of the Moon by : Don E. Wilhelms
Download or read book The Geologic History of the Moon written by Don E. Wilhelms and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Lunar Sourcebook
Author : Grant Heiken
Publisher : CUP Archive
ISBN 13 : 9780521334440
Total Pages : 796 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Lunar Sourcebook by : Grant Heiken
Download or read book Lunar Sourcebook written by Grant Heiken and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1991-04-26 with total page 796 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The only work to date to collect data gathered during the American and Soviet missions in an accessible and complete reference of current scientific and technical information about the Moon.
Geology of the Moon
Author : Thomas A. Mutch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.99/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Geology of the Moon by : Thomas A. Mutch
Download or read book Geology of the Moon written by Thomas A. Mutch and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
A Brief History of Geology
Author : Kieran D. O'Hara
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107176182
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.88/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis A Brief History of Geology by : Kieran D. O'Hara
Download or read book A Brief History of Geology written by Kieran D. O'Hara and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Approximately 200 years of the history of the development of the study of geology.
Encyclopedia of Lunar Science
Author : Brian Cudnik
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 331914541X
Total Pages : 1287 pages
Book Rating : 4.19/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Lunar Science by : Brian Cudnik
Download or read book Encyclopedia of Lunar Science written by Brian Cudnik and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-05-13 with total page 1287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Encyclopedia of Lunar Science includes the latest topical data, definitions, and explanations of the many and varied facets of lunar science. This is a very useful reference work for a broad audience, not limited to the professional lunar scientist: general astronomers, researchers, theoreticians, practitioners, graduate students, undergraduate students, and astrophysicists as well as geologists and engineers. The title includes all current areas of lunar science, with the topical entries being established tertiary literature. The work is technically suitable to most advanced undergraduate and graduate students. The articles include topics of varying technical levels so that the top scientists of the field find this work a benefit as well as the graduate students and the budding lunar scientists. A few examples of topical areas are as follows: Basaltic Volcanism, Lunar Chemistry, Time and Motion Coordinates, Cosmic Weathering through Meteoritic Impact, Environment, Geology, Geologic History, Impacts and Impact Processes, Lunar Surface Processes, Origin and Evolution Theories, Regolith, Stratigraphy, Tectonic Activity, Topography, Weathering through ionizing radiation from the solar wind, solar flares, and cosmic rays.
The Geology of the Terrestrial Planets
Author : Michael H. Carr
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.18/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Geology of the Terrestrial Planets by : Michael H. Carr
Download or read book The Geology of the Terrestrial Planets written by Michael H. Carr and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
To a Rocky Moon
Author : Don E. Wilhelms
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 544 pages
Book Rating : 4.77/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis To a Rocky Moon by : Don E. Wilhelms
Download or read book To a Rocky Moon written by Don E. Wilhelms and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 544 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When human exploration of the lunar surface began in 1969, it marked not only an unprecedented technological achievement but also the culmination of scientific efforts to understand lunar geology. Memoirs of the Apollo astronauts have preserved the exploratory aspects of these missions; now a geologist who was an active participant in the lunar program offers a detailed historical view of those events--including the pre-Apollo era--from a heretofore untold scientific perspective. It was the responsibility of the scientific team of which Don Wilhelms was a member to assemble an overall picture of the Moon's structure and history in order to recommend where on the lunar surface fieldwork should be conducted and samples collected. His book relates the site-selection process in detail, and draws in concomitant events concerning mission operations to show how they affected the course of the scientific program. While discussing all six landings in detail, it tells the behind-the-scenes story of telescopic and spacecraft investigations before, during, and after the manned landings. Intended for anyone interested the space program, the history of science, or the application of geology to planetology, To a Rocky Moon will leave all readers with a better idea of what the Moon is really like. In so expertly summarizing this earlier phase of exploration, it stands as an authoritative touchstone for those involved in the next.
The Geologic History of the Moon - U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1348
Author : U S Department of the Interior
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781998295159
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5X/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis The Geologic History of the Moon - U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1348 by : U S Department of the Interior
Download or read book The Geologic History of the Moon - U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1348 written by U S Department of the Interior and published by . This book was released on 2023-11-17 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More than two decades of study have established the major features of lunar geologic style and history. The most numerous and significant landforms belong to a size-morphology series of simple craters, complex craters, and ringed basins that were formed by impacts. Each crater and basin is the source of primary ejecta and secondary craters that, collectively, cover the entire terra. The largest impacts thinned, weakened, and redistributed feldspathic terracrustal material averaging about 75 km in thickness. Relatively small volumes of basalt, generated by partial remelting of mantle material, were erupted through the thin subbasin and subcrater crust to form the maria that cover 16 percent of the lunar surface. Tectonism has modified the various stratigraphic deposits relatively little; most structures are confined to basins and large craters. This general geologic style, basically simple though complex in detail, has persisted longer than 4 aeons (1 aeon = 109 yr). Impacts began to leave a visible record about 4.2 aeons ago, after the crust and mantle had differentiated and the crust had solidified. At least 30 basins and 100 times that many craters larger than 30 km in diameter were formed before a massive impact created the Nectaris basin about 3.92 aeons ago. Impacts continued during the ensuing Nectarian Period at a lesser rate, whereas volcanism left more traces than during pre-Nectarian time. The latest basin-forming impacts created the giant and still-conspicuous Imbrium and Orientale basins during the Early Imbrian Epoch, between 3.85 and 3.80 aeons ago. The rate of crater-forming impacts continued to decline during the Imbrian Period. Beginning in the Late Imbrian Epoch, mare-basalt flows remained exposed because they were no longer obscured by many large impacts. The Eratosthenian Period (3.2-1.1 aeons ago) and the Copernican Period (1.1 aeons ago to present) were times of lesser volcanism and a still lower, probably constant impact rate. Copernican impacts created craters whose surfaces have remained brighter and topographically crisper than those of the more ancient lunar features.
