The Evolution Of Poverty And Inequality In Indian Villages

Author : Raji Jayaraman
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian Villages written by Raji Jayaraman and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: January 1998 Continued agricultural growth and diversification into nonagricultural activities are essential if India is to continue reducing rural poverty. But policymakers hoping to alleviate rural poverty must also be aware of the causes and implications of persisting, if not increasing, inequality within villages. Jayaraman and Lanjouw review longitudinal village studies from a variety of disciplinary perspectives to identify changes in living standards in rural India in recent decades. They scrutinize the main forces of economic change-agricultural intensification, changes in land relations, and occupational diversification-to explain changes in level and distribution of living standards in rural communities. These forces of economic change appear to have offset or at least mitigated the pressure that growing populations can place on existing resources. But the decline in rural poverty has been slow and irregular at best. Nor is poverty reduction only a matter of economic development. For instance, the rural poor often attribute much of the improvement in their living conditions to reduced dependence on patrons. There are few reports in village studies of particularly effective government policies aimed at reducing poverty. The long-term poor still tend to be from the disadvantaged castes and to live in households that rely on income from agricultural labor. There is little evidence that inequalities within village communities have declined. In some cases improved material well-being of rural households has led to greater social stratification rather than less, with women and members of the lower castes suffering the consequences. Such inequalities could limit how policy interventions or continued growth can reduce poverty further. Policymakers must ensure accountability to keep abuses-for example, the privileged classes directing all benefits to themselves-to a minimum. This paper-a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group-is part of a larger effort in the group to study the dynamics of poverty in the South Asia region.

Author : Lanjouw
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.47/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian Villages written by Lanjouw and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Peter F. Lanjouw
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.45/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Evolution of Poverty and Inequality in Indian Villages written by Peter F. Lanjouw and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Continued agricultural growth and diversification into nonagricultural activities are essential if India is to continue reducing rural poverty. But policymakers hoping to alleviate rural poverty must also be aware of the causes and implications of persisting, if not increasing, inequality within villages.Jayaraman and Lanjouw review longitudinal village studies from a variety of disciplinary perspectives to identify changes in living standards in rural India in recent decades.They scrutinize the main forces of economic change - agricultural intensification, changes in land relations, and occupational diversification - to explain changes in level and distribution of living standards in rural communities.These forces of economic change appear to have offset or at least mitigated the pressure that growing populations can place on existing resources. But the decline in rural poverty has been slow and irregular at best. Nor is poverty reduction only a matter of economic development. For instance, the rural poor often attribute much of the improvement in their living conditions to reduced dependence on patrons.There are few reports in village studies of particularly effective government policies aimed at reducing poverty. The long-term poor still tend to be from the disadvantaged castes and to live in households that rely on income from agricultural labor.There is little evidence that inequalities within village communities have declined. In some cases improved material well-being of rural households has led to greater social stratification rather than less, with women and members of the lower castes suffering the consequences.Such inequalities could limit how policy interventions or continued growth can reduce poverty further. Policymakers must ensure accountability to keep abuses - for example, the privileged classes directing all benefits to themselves - to a minimum.This paper - a product of Poverty and Human Resources, Development Research Group - is part of a larger effort in the group to study the dynamics of poverty in the South Asia region.

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 0821386891
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Perspectives on Poverty in India written by and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2011 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book examines India’s experience with poverty reduction in a period of rapid economic growth. Marshalling evidence from multiple sources of survey data and drawing on new methods, the book asks how India’s structural transformation - from rural to urban, and from agriculture to nonfarm sectors - is impacting poverty.Our analysis suggests that since the early 1990s, urban growth has emerged as a much more important driver of poverty reduction than in the past. We focus in particular on the role of small and medium size conurbations in India, both as the urban sub-sector in which urban poverty is overwhelmingly concentrated, and as a sub-sector that could potentially stimulate rural-based poverty reduction. Second, in rural areas, we focus on the nature of intersectoral transformation out of agriculture into the nonfarm economy. Stagnation in agriculture has been accompanied by dynamism in the nonfarm sector, but there is much debate about whether the growth seen has been a symptom of agrarian distress or a source of poverty reduction.Finally, alongside the accelerating economic growth and the highly visible transformation that is occurring in India’s major cities, inequality is on the rise. This is raising concern that economic growth in India has by-passed significant segments of the population. The third theme on social exclusion asks if, despite the dramatic growth, historically grounded inequalities along lines of caste, tribe and gender have persisted.This book would be of interest for policymakers, researchers, non-governmental organizations, and international agencies—from India and abroad--who wish to know more about India’s experience of the last two decades in reducing poverty.

Author : David Greenaway
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 134923446X
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.62/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Poverty, Inequality and Rural Development written by David Greenaway and published by Springer. This book was released on 1994-09-12 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty alleviation is a major objective of development. More than a fifth of the world's population lives in absolute poverty, and the majority of the poor live in rural areas. This volume studies what can be done for alleviating rural poverty. Four chapters address the measurement of poverty and inequality, including the use of household expenditure surveys and intra-household income distribution. Evidence is presented for India, Mauritania, Cte d'Ivoire and China. Other chapters present case studies on strategies for rural development: provision of rural credit in Bangladesh and India; technical change in Philippine agriculture; contract farming in Thailand; and banana growers in the Windwards. The contributions introduce the problems of rural development and show that effective rural development is assisted by investment in education and secure access to credit; that equity is important for incentives but not directly related to poverty; and that technical and institutional reform are essential, but require careful design and implementation.

Author : Nikhilesh Bhattacharya
Publisher : SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited
ISBN 13 : 9780803996854
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.53/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Poverty, Inequality and Prices in Rural India written by Nikhilesh Bhattacharya and published by SAGE Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 1991-09-11 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Can poverty be measured and defined? What are the socio-economic correlates of poverty? Providing a comprehensive analysis of the absolute and relative levels of poverty in rural India, Poverty, Inequality and Prices in Rural India covers a thirty-year period. Topics examined include: disparities in consumption across households; the trends in such disparities; and the trends in the incidence of absolute poverty. By applying these analyses to rural India as a whole as well as six selected states, the authors test their theory of intertemporal variations in the incidence of rural poverty. With its comprehensive approach and unique theoretical model, Poverty, Inequality and Prices in Rural India presents a fresh perspective for scholars and students interested in economics, development studies, sociology, and Third World studies. "This study provides both a comprehensive analysis of the interrelationship between prices, rural inequality and poverty, and a careful interpretation of a wide range of complex and varied empirical materials. It is relevant as a standard reference text to anyone interested in understanding the multifaceted patterns of socio-economic changes that have occurred in rural India since independence." --Canadian Journal of Development Studies "A grandly conceived work." --Frontier "The book is written in a non-technical language that is accessible to noneconomists, and it provides a good introduction to the way changes in the prices of rural commodities have affected the incidence of rural poverty." --Journal of Asian Studies "The book is . . . concise and well written. I benefitted from reading it and I suspect that most people interested in Indian development would enjoy reading it." --Pacific Affairs

Author : Utpal Kumar De
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811062749
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.42/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Inequality, Poverty and Development in India written by Utpal Kumar De and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-24 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the fulfillment of two Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), namely poverty and inequality, in the Indian subcontinent. It examines the complex interplay among development, inequality and poverty in relation to corruption, environmental resource management, agricultural adjustment to climate change and institutional arrangements, with a special focus on the Northeastern region of the country. The topics covered offer a blend of theoretical arguments and empirical data with regard to the three main themes of the book, while also providing agricultural and environmental perspectives. The book also provides guidelines for policy initiatives for harnessing the region’s potential in the areas of industry, trade, sustainable use of mineral, forest and other natural resources, nature-based tourism through proper infrastructure development, and resolving land issues to achieve inclusive development.In addition to introducing some new questions on the development-ethnic conflict interface, it uses sophisticated tools such as the Blinder–Oaxaca decomposition method in consumption expenditure to show the endowment, and return to endowment effects; and techniques like spatial correlation-regression to analyze regional variation, co-integration, vector autoregression, the panel data technique and the adaptation index to climate change, to understand socio-economic complexities and the effect of the concerned variables on entrepreneurship and human development.The book offers a timely contribution to our understanding of major MDGs and highlights their successes and failures. It also includes analytical frameworks that are key to future policy initiatives. Further, it disseminates approaches and methods that improve livelihoods and standards of living through poverty reduction and promoting inclusive development along with sustainable utilization of available natural resources. Putting forward various ideas for creating a more sustainable future, it inspires and encourages readers to pursue further studies to address the gaps that still remain.

Author : Narendar Pani
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000486338
Total Pages : 297 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Dynamics of Difference written by Narendar Pani and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2021-11-29 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This original conceptualization provides insights into the role of inequality in the processes of change in rural India. It presents in-depth analyses and understanding of the nature and form of inequality, and its causes and consequences. The volume examines interpersonal, intergroup, and intrapersonal inequalities in the country’s rural transformation. Through research based on ethnographic, primary survey and secondary data methods, this multidimensional study discusses key themes such as normative and descriptive inequalities; class, caste and other identities; economic poverty; educational poverty; poverty in health; gendered poverty; inequality and power; the impact of migration; ethical issues and vulnerabilities; and suicidal consequences of inequality. It builds cohesive arguments, based on the development of several new indicators, to examine rural inequality. This book will be of interest to scholars and researchers of political economy, economics, development studies, development economics, sociology, public policy, political science, political sociology, and rural sociology.

Author : B. S. Baviskar
Publisher : Sage Publications Pvt. Limited
ISBN 13 : 9789353880934
Total Pages : 468 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Inside-Outside written by B. S. Baviskar and published by Sage Publications Pvt. Limited. This book was released on 2013-10-30 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poverty in rural India: Is this a permanent condition? Are villagers immobilized by a rigid caste system, limited resources and economic exploitation? This book is about villagers who have done remarkable things with their lives--people who have broken the constraints of poverty and inequality to become innovative and mobile. It is written partly by one villager who found a career doing research on social change. Inside-Outside narrates stories of grassroots change and innovation. These stories are discussed from the combined view of an insider (Baviskar), who grew up in a village in western India, and an outsider (Attwood), who came to study social change in the same region. Telling life stories from people who taught and surprised them, they challenge common stereotypes about Indian villagers--stereotypes of passivity, fatalism, and stagnation. Baviskar's life and experience of change in his home village exemplify grassroots initiative and innovation. He was born as the son of an impoverished farmer in a drought-stricken village in western Maharashtra. Ability, hard work, and some dramatic twists of fate enabled him to attend college and then complete a doctorate in India's premier sociology department. In contrast to Baviskar, Attwood is a complete outsider, having grown up in a suburb near Chicago, in the US heartland. He stumbled into anthropology and spent several years in India, doing fieldwork in the region where Baviskar grew up. The two met in 1969; they became friends and began four decades of collaborative research. Here they tell the stories of villagers who changed their own lives and who also, in many cases, changed the lives of others. These stories describe rapid innovation and institution-building in the countryside, challenging an array of common stereotypes about village life in India. Seeking explanations for change, it helps to look at village life from many angles. Inside and outside views are complementary and provide a more complete picture.

Author : D. Jayaraj
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.29/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Poverty, Inequality, and Population written by D. Jayaraj and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-09-30 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses the ability to measure the categories of poverty, inequality, and population; the role of measurement in social explanation; and the philosophical bases of measurement-related judgments.