The Emerging Field Of Human Neural Organoids Transplants And Chimeras

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Ethical, Legal, and Regulatory Issues Associated with Neural Chimeras and Organoids
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.63/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids, Transplants, and Chimeras written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (U.S.). Committee on Ethical, Legal, and Regulatory Issues Associated with Neural Chimeras and Organoids and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Each year, tens of millions of individuals in the U.S. suffer from neurological and psychiatric disorders including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease, and psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, depression and schizophrenia. Treatments for these diseases are often completely lacking or only partially effective, due in large part to the difficulty of conducting brain research and the complexity of the brain itself. Researchers in recent years have developed new models to better represent and study the human brain. The three models considered in this report, all of which generate and use pluripotent stem cells from healthy individuals and patients, are human neural organoids, human neural transplants, and human-animal neural chimeras. The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids, Transplants, and Chimeras: Science, Ethics, and Governance reviews the status of research, considers its benefits and risks, discusses associated ethical issues, and considers governance mechanisms for this type of research.

Author : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309303361
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.62/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Emerging Field of Human Neural Organoids, Transplants, and Chimeras written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2022-01-08 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States military is arguably the most intensely technological, complex enterprise in existence. When compared to the gross domestic products of other countries, the Department of Defense (DoD) budget ranks above all but about 20 nations. If viewed as a company, it would be the largest globally with the most employees. Major investments in weapons systems using advanced technologies provide an advantage over competing systems. Each weapon, platform, vehicle, and person in an operating force is a node in one or more advanced networks that provide the ability to rapidly form a coherent force from a large number of broadly distributed elements. DoD's ability to create and operate forces of this nature demands a competent understanding by its workforce of the composition, acquisition, and employment of its technology-enabled forces. Review of Specialized Degree-Granting Graduate Programs of the Department of Defense in STEM and Management focuses on the graduate science, technology, engineering, mathematics and management (STEM+M) education issues of the Air Force, Navy, and Marines. This report assesses the cost, benefits, and organizational placement of DoD institutions that grant degrees in STEM+M and evaluates alternative ways - for example, civilian institutions and distance learning - to ensure adequate numbers and high-quality education outcomes for DoD personnel."--Publisher's description.

Author : Fabrice Jotterand
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000901866
Total Pages : 486 pages
Book Rating : 4.63/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement written by Fabrice Jotterand and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-08-01 with total page 486 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of the Ethics of Human Enhancement provides readers with a philosophically rich and scientifically grounded analysis of human enhancement and its ethical implications. A landmark in the academic literature, the volume covers human enhancement in genetic engineering, neuroscience, synthetic biology, regenerative medicine, bioengineering, and many other fields. The Handbook includes a diverse and multifaceted collection of 30 chapters—all appearing here in print for the first time— that reveal the fundamental ethical challenges related to human enhancement. The chapters have been written by internationally recognized leaders in the field and are organized into seven parts: Historical Background and Key Concepts Human Enhancement and Human Nature Physical Enhancement Cognitive Enhancement Mood Enhancement and Moral Enhancement Human Enhancement and Medicine Legal, Social, and Political Implications The depth and topical range of the Handbook makes it an essential resource for upper-level undergraduates, graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows in a broad variety of disciplinary areas. Furthermore, it is an authoritative reference for basic scientists, philosophers, engineers, physicians, lawyers, and other professionals who work on the topic of human enhancement.

Author : John H. Evans
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197750702
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Disembodied Brains written by John H. Evans and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2024 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until recently, brains in vats and animals with partly-human brains have been the realm of science fiction, but recent research is making them real. In Disembodied Brains, John H. Evans examines the viewpoints of professional ethicists and scientists on the implications of these new technologies, and how those viewpoints contrast with the fearful intuitions of the general public.

Author : Hans-Georg Dederer
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030976416
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.15/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Brain Organoids in Research and Therapy written by Hans-Georg Dederer and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-07-09 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume elucidates the pivotal ethical and legal issues arising from the use of brain organoids for research, therapeutic and enhancement purposes. The function of the human brain is still a mystery. Until recently, only post-mortem tissue was available for a structural examination of the brain. Consequently, the examination results could only reflect the state at the end of life. However, in order to better understand the development and function of the human brain, dynamic and functional investigations of different human brain cells are necessary. This is where brain organoids, artificially grown in vitro miniature brains, provide the opportunity for more flexible research scenarios. At the same time, however, the use of brain organoids in research and therapy raises the question of how these new entities are to be treated from an ethical and legal point of view. Against this background, this volume aims at clarifying the normative implications of the use of brain organoids in research and therapy. The ethical reflections on the status of brain organoids, informed consent, human-to-animal chimeras and neuro-enhancement are mirrored by corresponding legal analyses. The ethical and legal assessments are preceded by an introduction to the scientific and medical background of the brain organoid technology. A final chapter will be devoted to the issue of whether international harmonization of normative standards for brain organoid research and therapy is feasible and advisable.

Author : Mihretu P. Guta
Publisher : Wipf and Stock Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1666796468
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.69/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Taking Persons Seriously written by Mihretu P. Guta and published by Wipf and Stock Publishers. This book was released on 2024-06-06 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume attempts to show why ontology matters for a proper grasp of issues in bioethics. Contemporary discussions on bioethics often focus on seeking solutions for a wide range of issues that revolve around persons. The issues in question are multi-layered, involving such diverse aspects as the metaphysical/ontological, personal, medical, moral, legal, cultural, social, political, religious, and environmental. In navigating through such a complex web of issues, it has been said that the central problems philosophers and bioethicists face are ethical in nature. In this regard, biomedical sciences and technological breakthroughs take a leading role in terms of shaping the sorts of questions that give rise to ethical problems. For example, is it ethical to keep terminally ill patients alive on dialysis machines or artificial ventilators? Is it ethical to take someone's vital organs upon death and transplant them into another person's body without any prior consent from the deceased person? Reproductive techniques also raise complicated ethical issues involving in vitro fertilization, contraceptives, prenatal testing, abortions, and genetic enhancements. Moreover, biomedical issues raise ethical problems regarding research on human subjects, stem cell research, and enhancement biotechnology. The beginning and end of life issues bring up their own complicated ethical conundrums involving, among other things, terminating life support and euthanasia. This book approaches such complex bioethical questions by engaging in ground-level debates about the ontology of persons. This is a nonnegotiable first step in taking steps forward in seeking a plausible solution(s) for the complex ethical problems in bioethics.

Author : Michele Farisco
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1394257511
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.15/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Neuroethics and Cultural Diversity written by Michele Farisco and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2023-11-28 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There is a growing discussion concerning the relationship between neuroethical reflections and cultural diversity, which is among the most impactful factors in shaping neuroethics, both as a scientific discipline and a social enterprise. The impacts of culture on science and its public perception are particularly relevant to neuroethics, which aims to facilitate the creation of an interface between neuroscience and society at large. Time is ripe for neuroethics to review the influence of the culturally specific contexts from which it originated (i.e. North America and Western Europe) and to also include other cultural perspectives in the discussion. This book illustrates a convergent approach among different cultures in identifying the main issues raised by neuroscience and emerging technologies. This should be taken as a starting point for advancing in the search for shared solutions, which are, if not definitive, at least sufficiently reliable to be translated into democratic deliberative processes.

Author : Daniel Martins-de-Souza
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030971821
Total Pages : 142 pages
Book Rating : 4.23/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Neuroproteomics as a Tool for Understanding Schizophrenia written by Daniel Martins-de-Souza and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-08-05 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past decade, neuroproteomics has shed light on the molecular features of schizophrenia by depicting biological processes involved with its establishment, maintenance and treatment. These studies have also pointed to potential biomarkers applicable to diagnosis and medication monitoring. Edited by a leader in the field of neuroproteomics with contributions from subject experts, this new volume will address recent findings and compile evidence from difference perspectives—such as human samples, animal models, pluripotent stem cell-derived in vitro pre-clinical models—and provide findings to inform the development of innovative future treatment strategies. This volume will be useful for a broad audience of researchers and professionals, including biologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, analytical chemists, and pharmacists, among others.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309096537
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Guidelines for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2005-09-15 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since 1998, the volume of research being conducted using human embryonic stem (hES) cells has expanded primarily using private funds because of restrictions on the use of federal funds for such research. Given limited federal involvement, privately funded hES cell research has thus far been carried out under a patchwork of existing regulations, many of which were not designed with this research specifically in mind. In addition, hES cell research touches on many ethical, legal, scientific, and policy issues that are of concern to the public. This report provides guidelines for the conduct of hES cell research to address both ethical and scientific concerns. The guidelines are intended to enhance the integrity of privately funded hES cell research by encouraging responsible practices in the conduct of that research.

Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309477794
Total Pages : 81 pages
Book Rating : 4.96/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Neuroforensics written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2018-09-13 with total page 81 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Technological advances in noninvasive neuroimaging, neurophysiology, genome sequencing, and other methods together with rapid progress in computational and statistical methods and data storage have facilitated large-scale collection of human genomic, cognitive, behavioral, and brain-based data. The rapid development of neurotechnologies and associated databases has been mirrored by an increase in attempts to introduce neuroscience and behavioral genetic evidence into legal proceedings. In March 2018, the National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine organized a workshop in order to explore the current uses of neuroscience and bring stakeholders from neuroscience and legal societies together in both the United Kingdom and the United States. Participants worked together to advance an understanding of neurotechnologies that could impact the legal system and the state of readiness to consider these technologies and where appropriate, to integrate them into the legal system. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop.