The Colonial Expansion Of English English As A Global Language

Author : Christina Boampong
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640556011
Total Pages : 23 pages
Book Rating : 4.14/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Colonial Expansion of English - English as a global language written by Christina Boampong and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-03-05 with total page 23 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of Lüneburg (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: History of English and English historical linguistics, language: English, abstract: English is the language of commerce and tourism, of international politics, of science, the official language of international and multinational companies and industries, the language of air traffic control, of international news agencies, of mass entertainment, of computers and of the Internet. It is assumed that about a quarter of the world`s population is already fluent or competent in English (that means around 1,5 billion people) and that there is a total of 75 territories where English has a special place in society. These regions can be divided according to the status they give English: Either they have English as a native language, as a second or official language or as a foreign language. This classification is visualized by the so-called Three-circle-model: The inner circle compromises those countries where English is the primary language of communication and is learnt as a native language by the majority of the population. It includes the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The outer or extended circle represents the countries where English plays an important role in a non-native setting. In many cases these are former British colonies where the English language is part of the countries leading institutions and of various other domains. This circle includes India, Malawi, Singapore and 50 other territories. The expanding circle involves those countries in which English is learnt as a lingua franca by many people. These countries neither have a history of colonization nor have they given English any administrative status. Such countries are Germany, Japan, Israel and a growing number of other states. Fennel (2004) divides the global spreading of English that has lead to its status as a world language into four phases: I. British colonialism from the seventeenth to the twentieth century II. British leadership in the Industrial Revolution in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries III. American economic superiority and political leadership IV. American technological domination In what follows we will focus on the first phase: The colonial expansion of English, which also marks the beginning of the Modern English period. The main idea of this term paper is to introduce the most popular varieties of English around the world and to familiarize with the historical facts and development of these countries emphasizing on the specific linguistic characteristics.

Author : Christina Boampong
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640555627
Total Pages : 29 pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Colonial Expansion of English - English As a Global Language written by Christina Boampong and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2010-03 with total page 29 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2005 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 1,3, University of L neburg (Anglistik/Amerikanistik), course: History of English and English historical linguistics, language: English, abstract: English is the language of commerce and tourism, of international politics, of science, the official language of international and multinational companies and industries, the language of air traffic control, of international news agencies, of mass entertainment, of computers and of the Internet. It is assumed that about a quarter of the world s population is already fluent or competent in English (that means around 1,5 billion people) and that there is a total of 75 territories where English has a special place in society. These regions can be divided according to the status they give English: Either they have English as a native language, as a second or official language or as a foreign language. This classification is visualized by the so-called Three-circle-model: The inner circle compromises those countries where English is the primary language of communication and is learnt as a native language by the majority of the population. It includes the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. The outer or extended circle represents the countries where English plays an important role in a non-native setting. In many cases these are former British colonies where the English language is part of the countries leading institutions and of various other domains. This circle includes India, Malawi, Singapore and 50 other territories. The expanding circle involves those countries in which English is learnt as a lingua franca by many people. These countries neither have a history of colonization nor have they given English any administrative status. Such countries are Germany, Japan, Israel and a growing number of other states. Fennel (2004) divides the global spreading of English that ha

Author : Cornelia Richter
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3640151771
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book How and why did English come to be a global language? written by Cornelia Richter and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2008-09-02 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seminar paper from the year 2007 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Culture and Applied Geography, grade: 2,0, Martin Luther University (Institut für Anglistik und Amerikanistik), course: English Rules the World? The Globalisation of English, language: English, abstract: The role of the English language among all other languages is constantly examined, researched and written about. It appears that no other language has ever had such an amazing and massive impact on other cultures, languages and world history. Statements like “English is today a truly global language” (Rubdy 2006: 5) and “World English exists as a political and cultural reality” (Crystal 2003b: xii) underpin the notion of the possibility of a language that connects all people, a notion and perhaps also a wish that is almost as old as mankind. This paper will investigate the question of what defines a language as a global one and what factors are convincing or definite. David Crystal’s explanation makes it quite obvious: “A language achieves a genuinely global status when it develops a special role that is recognized in every country” (Crystal 2003b: 3). However, he himself admits that this is not precise enough; a ‘special role’ can mean many things. The concept usually refers to political aspects, like, for example, the status of the language of the state defined by law, or the language being the only one in some states for historical reasons (cf. Crystal 2003b: 66). But in all cases, it can be argued, the population is living in an environment in which the English language is routinely in evidence, publicly accessible in varying degrees, and part of the nation’s recent or present identity (Crystal 2003b: 66). It also has to be clarified what processes can lead to a global status of a language, and if so-called “naïve” theories hold true. For the purpose of examining this question further, the concept of the lingua franca and the role of English as such will also be looked at. Talking about English and its world influence, it is inevitable to consider the roles and history of Britain and the United States. In order to make the attempt of getting more precise, numbers of speakers will be shown and it will be explained how these numbers came about and what they mean. ... As obvious as it may seem, English is dominant is so many spheres that it appears impossible to account for all of them thoroughly. However, the most significant domains will be explained as such in order to draw a connection between history, present and future.

Author : David Crystal
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107611806
Total Pages : 227 pages
Book Rating : 4.01/5 ( download)

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Download or read book English as a Global Language written by David Crystal and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-03-29 with total page 227 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written in a detailed and fascinating manner, this book is ideal for general readers interested in the English language.

Author : Rosemary C. Salomone
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190625619
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.10/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Rise of English written by Rosemary C. Salomone and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A sweeping account of the global rise of English and the high-stakes politics of languageSpoken by a quarter of the world's population, English is today's lingua franca- - its common tongue. The language of business, popular media, and international politics, English has become commodified for its economic value and increasingly detached from any particular nation. This meteoric "riseof English" has many obvious benefits to communication. Tourists can travel abroad with greater ease. Political leaders can directly engage their counterparts. Researchers can collaborate with foreign colleagues. Business interests can flourish in the global economy.But the rise of English has very real downsides as well. In Europe, imperatives of political integration and job mobility compete with pride in national language and heritage. In the United States and England, English isolates us from the cultural and economic benefits of speaking other languages.And in countries like India, South Africa, Morocco, and Rwanda, it has stratified society along lines of English proficiency.In The Rise of English, Rosemary Salomone offers a commanding view of the unprecedented spread of English and the far-reaching effects it has on global and local politics, economics, media, education, and business. From the inner workings of the European Union to linguistic battles over influence inAfrica, Salomone draws on a wealth of research to tell the complex story of English - and, ultimately, to argue for English not as a force for domination but as a core component of multilingualism and the transcendence of linguistic and cultural borders.

Author : D. Northrup
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137303077
Total Pages : 215 pages
Book Rating : 4.73/5 ( download)

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Download or read book How English Became the Global Language written by D. Northrup and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, the first written about the globalization of the English language by a professional historian, the exploration of English's global ascendancy receives its proper historical due. This brief, accessible volume breaks new ground in its organization, emphasis on causation, and conclusions.

Author : Eva-Maria Kaufmann
Publisher : GRIN Verlag
ISBN 13 : 3656432600
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Spread of English in the World written by Eva-Maria Kaufmann and published by GRIN Verlag. This book was released on 2013-05-31 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Essay from the year 2011 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: Distinction, University of Newcastle upon Tyne (EDUCATION COMMUNICATIONS AND LANGUAGE SCIENCES), course: Sociolinguistics, language: English, abstract: The massive increase of English speakers around the world who speak it at all different levels of proficiency, for any variety of purposes and with (other) non-native speakers has sparked some concerns and controversies. Some are concerned that its wide spread and the emergence and institutionalisation of new ‘Englishes’ will lead to a language fragmentation that could ultimately result in mutual unintelligibility. The question of who holds authority over English today is causing heated discussions. Teaching practices for English as a foreign language are yet another contentious subject. For the most part, English teaching is still oriented towards British or North American varieties, and a learner’s proficiency is measured in relation to those norms. Some, however, demand that English teaching practices take into account that usage situations and requirements for English have changed, and that teachers prepare students for international communication rather than communication with Americans or British. The issue with perhaps the greatest political significance is that of linguistic imperialism. As English, particularly the ‘prestige varieties’ British and American, are being taught to more and more people across the world, some have voiced their concern that this “compromises the cultural integrity of the non-native speaker”. There is a fear that English might suppress or even replace local languages and be used as a tool to spread Anglo-American cultural hegemony. This essay gives first a rough overview over who speaks English in the world today. It then briefly discusses some of the attempts by scholars to categorise this immense number of ddifferent people, focusing particularly on Kachru’s model of the spread of English. It addresses some of the factors that lead to the emergence of new varieties of English, describing Nigerian English and China English in more detail by way of an example. Linguistic imperialism is discussed subsequently as one particularly controversial issue relating to the rise of English to one of the world’s most predominant languages.

Author : Alastair Pennycook
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113468407X
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book English and the Discourses of Colonialism written by Alastair Pennycook and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-09-11 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English and the Discourses of Colonialism opens with the British departure from Hong Kong marking the end of British colonialism. Yet Alastair Pennycook argues that this dramatic exit masks the crucial issue that the traces left by colonialism run deep. This challenging and provocative book looks particularly at English, English language teaching, and colonialism. It reveals how the practice of colonialism permeated the cultures and discourses of both the colonial and colonized nations, the effects of which are still evident today. Pennycook explores the extent to which English is, as commonly assumed, a language of neutrality and global communication, and to what extent it is, by contrast, a language laden with meanings and still weighed down with colonial discourses that have come to adhere to it. Travel writing, newspaper articles and popular books on English, are all referred to, as well as personal experiences and interviews with learners of English in India, Malaysia, China and Australia. Pennycook concludes by appealing to postcolonial writing, to create a politics of opposition and dislodge the discourses of colonialism from English.

Author : Mrinal K. Ghosh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788172734923
Total Pages : 186 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book English as a Global Language written by Mrinal K. Ghosh and published by . This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: English is a truly global language crossing many international boundaries. The language is so popular; it is spoken in more than a hundred countries and has more than a million words. English began its development in Great Britain and was spread across the globe through the colonial nations. It became so influential across the world that many countries adopted English above and beyond their own languages. The speed and depth with which the English language became so popular globally is unbelievable. This book presents a lively and informative account of the rise of English as a global language. It includes a historical summary of the global development of English, the current spread and status of English as a first and second language internationally, and the future potential of English as the international language of communication. The contents of the book will be highly valuable to all the lovers and learners of English.

Author : Robert Phillipson
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780194371469
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.68/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Linguistic Imperialism written by Robert Phillipson and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 1992 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the contemporary phenomenon of English as an international language, and sets out to analyze how and why the language has become so dominant. It examines the historical spread of the language, the role it plays in Third World countries, and the ideologies it transmits.