The Black Struggle For Public Schooling In Nineteenth Century Illinois

Author : Robert L. McCaul
Publisher : SIU Press
ISBN 13 : 0809380536
Total Pages : 209 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Black Struggle for Public Schooling in Nineteenth-Century Illinois written by Robert L. McCaul and published by SIU Press. This book was released on 2009-03-10 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the pre-Civil War and Civil War periods the Illinois black code deprived blacks of suffrage and court rights, and the Illinois Free Schools Act kept most black children out of public schooling. But, as McCaul documents, they did not sit idly by. They applied the concepts of “bargaining power” (rewarding, punishing, and dialectical) and the American ideal of “community” to participate in winning two major victories during this era. By the use of dialectical power, exerted mainly via John Jones’ tract, The Black Laws of Illinois, they helped secure the repeal of the state’s black code; by means of punishing power, mainly through boycotts and ‘‘invasions,’’ they exerted pressures that brought a cancellation of the Chicago public school policy of racial segregation. McCaul makes clear that the blacks’ struggle for school rights is but one of a number of such struggles waged by disadvantaged groups (women, senior citizens, ethnics, and immigrants). He postulates a “stage’’ pattern for the history of the black struggle—a pattern of efforts by federal and state courts to change laws and constitutions, followed by efforts to entice, force, or persuade local authorities to comply with the laws and constitutional articles and with the decrees of the courts.

Author : Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua
Publisher : University of Illinois Press
ISBN 13 : 9780252025372
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.77/5 ( download)

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Download or read book America's First Black Town written by Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua and published by University of Illinois Press. This book was released on 2000 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Sundiata Keita Cha-Jua traces Brooklyn's transformation from a freedom village into a residential commuter satellite that supplied cheap labor to the city and the region.".

Author : Walter Stern
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807169196
Total Pages : 375 pages
Book Rating : 4.93/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Race and Education in New Orleans written by Walter Stern and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2018-05-04 with total page 375 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Surveying the two centuries that preceded Jim Crow’s demise, Race and Education in New Orleans traces the course of the city’s education system from the colonial period to the start of school desegregation in 1960. This timely historical analysis reveals that public schools in New Orleans both suffered from and maintained the racial stratification that characterized urban areas for much of the twentieth century. Walter C. Stern begins his account with the mid-eighteenth-century kidnapping and enslavement of Marie Justine Sirnir, who eventually secured her freedom and played a major role in the development of free black education in the Crescent City. As Sirnir’s story and legacy illustrate, schools such as the one she envisioned were central to the black antebellum understanding of race, citizenship, and urban development. Black communities fought tirelessly to gain better access to education, which gave rise to new strategies by white civilians and officials who worked to maintain and strengthen the racial status quo, even as they conceded to demands from the black community for expanded educational opportunities. The friction between black and white New Orleanians continued throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth, when conflicts over land and resources sharply intensified. Stern argues that the post-Reconstruction reorganization of the city into distinct black and white enclaves marked a new phase in the evolution of racial disparity: segregated schools gave rise to segregated communities, which in turn created structural inequality in housing that impeded desegregation’s capacity to promote racial justice. By taking a long view of the interplay between education, race, and urban change, Stern underscores the fluidity of race as a social construct and the extent to which the Jim Crow system evolved through a dynamic though often improvisational process. A vital and accessible history, Race and Education in New Orleans provides a comprehensive look at the ways the New Orleans school system shaped the city’s racial and urban landscapes.

Author : M. Noraian
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230101445
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.49/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Women’s Rights, Racial Integration, and Education from 1850–1920 written by M. Noraian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-11-09 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This historical biography examines Sarah Raymond Fitzwilliam's abolitionist roots growing up on a stop of the Underground Railroad, her training at a 'normal school,' her tenure as a teacher, principal and the nation's first city school superintendent (Bloomington, Illinois 1874-1892).

Author : Hugh Davis
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801463653
Total Pages : 231 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

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Download or read book "We Will Be Satisfied With Nothing Less" written by Hugh Davis and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2011-08-15 with total page 231 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historians have focused almost entirely on the attempt by southern African Americans to attain equal rights during Reconstruction. However, the northern states also witnessed a significant period of struggle during these years. Northern blacks vigorously protested laws establishing inequality in education, public accommodations, and political life and challenged the Republican Party to live up to its stated ideals. In "We Will Be Satisfied With Nothing Less", Hugh Davis concentrates on the two issues that African Americans in the North considered most essential: black male suffrage rights and equal access to the public schools. Davis connects the local and the national; he joins the specifics of campaigns in places such as Cincinnati, Detroit, and San Francisco with the work of the National Equal Rights League and its successor, the National Executive Committee of Colored Persons. The narrative moves forward from their launching of the equal rights movement in 1864 to the "end" of Reconstruction in the North two decades later. The struggle to gain male suffrage rights was the centerpiece of the movement's agenda in the 1860s, while the school issue remained a major objective throughout the period. Following the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment in 1870, northern blacks devoted considerable attention to assessing their place within the Republican Party and determining how they could most effectively employ the franchise to protect the rights of all citizens.

Author : Zoë Burkholder
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190605154
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

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Download or read book An African American Dilemma written by Zoë Burkholder and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-05 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An African American Dilemma offers the first social history of northern Black debates over school integration versus separation from the 1840s to the present. Since Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 Americans have viewed school integration as a central tenet of the Black civil rights movement. Yet, school integration was not the only--or even always the dominant--civil rights strategy. At times, African Americans also fought for separate, Black controlled schools dedicated to racial uplift and community empowerment. An African American Dilemma offers a social history of these debates within northern Black communities from the 1840s to the present. Drawing on sources including the Black press, school board records, social science studies, the papers of civil rights activists, and court cases, it reveals that northern Black communities, urban and suburban, vacillated between a preference for either school integration or separation during specific eras. Yet, there was never a consensus. It also highlights the chorus of dissent, debate, and counter-narratives that pushed families to consider a fuller range of educational reforms. A sweeping historical analysis that covers the entire history of public education in the North, this work complicates our understanding of school integration by highlighting the diverse perspectives of Black students, parents, teachers, and community leaders all committed to improving public education. It finds that Black school integrationists and separatists have worked together in a dynamic tension that fueled effective strategies for educational reform and the Black civil rights movement, a discussion that continues to be highly charged in present-day schooling choices.

Author : Gary Orfield
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691239193
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Walls Around Opportunity written by Gary Orfield and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2024-04-16 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The case for race-conscious education policy In our unequal society, families of color fully share the dream of college but their children often attend schools that do not prepare them, and the higher education system gives the best opportunities to the most privileged. Students of color hope for college but often face a dead end. For many young people, racial inequality puts them at a disadvantage from early childhood. The Walls around Opportunity argues that colorblind policies have made college inaccessible to a large share of students of color, and reveals how policies that acknowledge racial inequalities and set racial equality goals can succeed where colorblindness has failed. Gary Orfield paints a troubling portrait of American higher education, explaining how profound racial gaps imbedded in virtually every stage of our children’s lives pose a major threat to communities of color and the nation. He describes how the 1960s and early 1970s was the only period in history to witness sustained efforts at racial equity in higher education, and how the Reagan era ushered in today’s colorblind policies, which ignore the realities of color inequality. Orfield shows how this misguided policy has resegregated public schools, exacerbated inequalities in college preparation, denied needed financial aid to families, and led to huge price increases over decades that have seen little real gain in income for most Americans. Now with a new afterword that discusses the 2023 Supreme Court decision to outlaw affirmative action in college admissions, this timely and urgent book shows that the court’s colorblind ruling is unworkable in a society where every aspect of opportunity and preparation is linked to race, and reveals the gaps in the opportunity pipeline while exploring the best ways to address them in light of this decision.

Author : Ward M. McAfee
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438412312
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.13/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Religion, Race, and Reconstruction written by Ward M. McAfee and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1998-07-10 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Religion, Race, and Reconstruction simultaneously resurrects a lost dimension of a most important segment of American history and illuminates America's present and future by showing the role religious issues played in Reconstruction during the 1870s.

Author : Michael J. Klarman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195310187
Total Pages : 670 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book From Jim Crow to Civil Rights written by Michael J. Klarman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004 with total page 670 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the social and political impact of the Supreme Court's decisions involving race relations from Plessy, the Progressive Era, and the Interwar period to World Wars I and II, Brown and the Civil Rights Movement. It explores the variety of consequences that Brown may have had, and more.

Author : Deyoung Alan
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351386360
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.64/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Rural Education (1991) written by Deyoung Alan and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-29 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally published in 1991, essays discuss and analyse rural schooling in its historical, social, and political contexts as well as its educational mission. Collections covering rural education in the United States are relatively rare, particularly texts that focus on available research literature in context, and many existing texts are written by educators outside of the University. This book covers historical and social factors, rural education in the field, and the future of American Schooling. The chapters comprise not only an airing of issues, concerns, and findings, but also a guide to scholarship in the areas covered. Included is a resource guide to information specific to rural education and rural special education.