State Capitalism And Democracy In Latin America

Author : Atilio Borón
Publisher : Lynne Rienner Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781555875084
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book State, Capitalism, and Democracy in Latin America written by Atilio Borón and published by Lynne Rienner Pub. This book was released on 1994-12-31 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the obstacles Latin American countries face in their efforts at democratic reform, including political institutions, a strong authoritarian tradition, the influence of neoliberal economic policies, the shortsightedness of the ruling classes and hopelessness among the poor.

Author : Joshua Kurlantzick
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199385726
Total Pages : 287 pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)

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Download or read book State Capitalism written by Joshua Kurlantzick and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-03-08 with total page 287 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The end of the Cold War ushered in an age of American triumphalism best characterized by the "Washington Consensus:" the idea that free markets, democratic institutions, limitations on government involvement in the economy, and the rule of law were the foundations of prosperity and stability. The last fifteen years, starting with the Asian financial crisis, have seen the gradual erosion of that consensus. Many commentators have pointed to the emergence of a powerful new rival model: state capitalism. In state capitalist regimes, the government typically owns firms in strategic industries. Not beholden to private-sector shareholders, such firms are allowed to operate with razor-thin margins if the state deems them strategically important. China, soon to be the world's largest economy, is the best known state capitalist regime, but it is hardly the only one. In State Capitalism, Joshua Kurlantzick ranges across the world--China, Thailand, Brazil, Russia, South Africa, Turkey, and more--and argues that the increase in state capitalism across the globe has, on balance, contributed to a decline in democracy. He isolates some of the reasons for state capitalism's resurgence: the fact that globalization favors economies of scale in the most critical industries, and the widespread rejection of the Washington Consensus in the face of the problems that have plagued the world economy in recent years. That said, a number of democratic nations have embraced state capitalism, and in those regimes, state-backed firms like Brazil's Embraer have enjoyed considerable success. Kurlantzick highlights the mixed record and the evolving nature of the model, yet he is more concerned about the negative effects of state capitalism. When states control firms, whether in democratic or authoritarian regimes, the government increases its advantage over the rest of society. The combination of new technologies, the perceived failures of liberal economics and democracy in many developing nations, the rise of modern kinds of authoritarians, and the success of some of the best-known state capitalists have created an era ripe for state intervention. State Capitalism offers the sharpest analysis yet of what state capitalism's emergence means for democratic politics around the world.

Author : Sebastián L. Mazzuca
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108871577
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.70/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Middle-Quality Institutional Trap: Democracy and State Capacity in Latin America written by Sebastián L. Mazzuca and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-11 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Latin America is currently caught in a middle-quality institutional trap, combining flawed democracies and low-to-medium capacity States. Yet, contrary to conventional wisdom, the sequence of development - Latin America has democratized before building capable States - does not explain the region's quandary. States can make democracy, but so too can democracy make States. Thus, the starting point of political developments is less important than whether the State-democracy relationship is a virtuous cycle, triggering causal mechanisms that reinforce each other. However, the State-democracy interaction generates a virtuous cycle only under certain macroconditions. In Latin America, the State-democracy interaction has not generated a virtuous cycle: problems regarding the State prevent full democratization and problems of democracy prevent the development of state capacity. Moreover, multiple macroconditions provide a foundation for this distinctive pattern of State-democracy interaction. The suboptimal political equilibrium in contemporary Latin America is a robust one.

Author : Aldo Musacchio
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674729684
Total Pages : 358 pages
Book Rating : 4.81/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Reinventing State Capitalism written by Aldo Musacchio and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2014-04-22 with total page 358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The wave of liberalization that swept world markets in the 1980s and 90s altered the ways that governments manage their economies. Reinventing State Capitalism analyzes the rise of new species of state capitalism in which governments interact with private investors either as majority or minority shareholders in publicly-traded corporations or as financial backers of purely private firms (the so-called "national champions"). Focusing on a detailed quantitative assessment of Brazil's economic performance from 1976 to 2009, Aldo Musacchio and Sergio Lazzarini examine how these models of state capitalism influence corporate investment and performance. According to one model, the state acts as a majority investor, granting the state-owned enterprise (SOE) financial autonomy and allowing professional management. This form, the authors argue, has reduced many agency problems commonly faced by state ownership. According to another hybrid model, the state uses sovereign wealth funds, holding companies, and development banks to acquire a small share of equity ownership in a corporation, thereby potentially alleviating capital constraints and leveraging latent capabilities. Both models have benefits and costs. Yet neither model has entirely eliminated the temptation of governments to intervene in the operation of natural resource industries and other large strategic enterprises. Nevertheless, the longstanding debate over whether private ownership is superior or inferior to state capitalism has become irrelevant, Musacchio and Lazzarini conclude. Private ownership is now mingled with state capital on a global scale.

Author : Menno Vellinga
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429965311
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.19/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Changing Role Of The State In Latin America written by Menno Vellinga and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-19 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1930s the state has played a primary role in the development process of Latin American countries, and political systems have had strong corporatist and authoritarian-centralist features. In the last several years, as that role has become increasingly incompatible with neoliberal reforms and the requirements of a transition to democracy, state power has been significantly decentralized, and the state has withdrawn from direct intervention in the economy. This book examines the consequences of the redefinition of the state for processes of democratization and statecivil society relations. }Since the 1930s the state has played a primary role in the development process of most Latin American countries, and political systems have had strong corporatist and authoritarian-centralist features. In the last several years, as that role has become increasingly incompatible with neoliberal reforms and the requirements of a transition to democracy, state power has been significantly decentralized, and the state has withdrawn from direct intervention in the economy. This book examines the consequences of the redefinition of the state for processes of democratization and statecivil society relations, looking, for example, at transfers of power to local and regional authorities, the role of NGOs and other interest groups in policymaking, the emergence of new social movements, and privatization and the introduction of market criteria. Several country case studies are also included. }

Author : Alex Segura-Ubiergo
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139464612
Total Pages : 25 pages
Book Rating : 4.11/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Political Economy of the Welfare State in Latin America written by Alex Segura-Ubiergo and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-06-25 with total page 25 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is one of the first attempts to analyze how developing countries through the early twenty-first century have established systems of social protection, and how these systems have been affected by the processes of globalization and democratization. The book focuses on Latin America to identify factors associated with the evolution of welfare state policies during the pre-globalization period prior to 1979, whilst studying how globalization and democratization have affected governments' fiscal commitment to social spending. In contrast with the Western European experience, more developed welfare systems evolved in countries relatively closed to international trade, while the recent process of globalization that has swept the region has put substantial downward pressure on social security expenditures. Health and education spending has been relatively protected from greater exposure to international markets and has actually increased substantially with the shift to democracy.

Author : Stephan Haggard
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691214158
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.53/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Development, Democracy, and Welfare States written by Stephan Haggard and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-16 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book to compare the distinctive welfare states of Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. Stephan Haggard and Robert Kaufman trace the historical origins of social policy in these regions to crucial political changes in the mid-twentieth century, and show how the legacies of these early choices are influencing welfare reform following democratization and globalization. After World War II, communist regimes in Eastern Europe adopted wide-ranging socialist entitlements while conservative dictatorships in East Asia sharply limited social security but invested in education. In Latin America, where welfare systems were instituted earlier, unequal social-security systems favored formal sector workers and the middle class. Haggard and Kaufman compare the different welfare paths of the countries in these regions following democratization and the move toward more open economies. Although these transformations generated pressure to reform existing welfare systems, economic performance and welfare legacies exerted a more profound influence. The authors show how exclusionary welfare systems and economic crisis in Latin America created incentives to adopt liberal social-policy reforms, while social entitlements from the communist era limited the scope of liberal reforms in the new democracies of Eastern Europe. In East Asia, high growth and permissive fiscal conditions provided opportunities to broaden social entitlements in the new democracies. This book highlights the importance of placing the contemporary effects of democratization and globalization into a broader historical context.

Author : Jonathan R. Barton
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134276184
Total Pages : 286 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The State of Democracy in Latin America written by Jonathan R. Barton and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2004-11-04 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The State of Democracy in Latin America presents a critical analysis of the contemporary democratic state in Latin America. In a shift away from the more typical analyses of Latin American political change during the 1990s, this book presents a more state-centric perspective that seeks to explain why transitions to democracy and trends towards better governance have failed to provide more political and social stability in the continent. Through a deeper analysis of underlying social relations and values and how these manifest themselves through institutions, the state is understood not purely as an institutional form but rather as a set of interdependent relations that are shaped by particular collective and individual interests.

Author : Richard L. Harris
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 9780367154196
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.96/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Marxism, Socialism, and Democracy in Latin America written by Richard L. Harris and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-07 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book demonstrates the extent to which Marxist thought on the transition from capitalism to socialism provides an essential framework for understanding the successes and failures of recent and past attempts to construct democratic socialist societies in Latin America and the Caribbean.

Author : Scott B. MacDonald
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440831084
Total Pages : 217 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book State Capitalism's Uncertain Future written by Scott B. MacDonald and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2015-07-20 with total page 217 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A provocative and timely look at the current state of global economics, particularly how the state-owned companies of Russia, China, Latin America, and other emerging markets are influencing how people work, how they consume, and how they prosper. The global economy is changing: experts are noting slow growth in the advanced economies, greater volatility in international markets, and the emergence of state-owned companies in the competitive marketplace. This forward-looking reference explores the role that state capitalism plays within the political structures of countries throughout the world. The text begins with an introduction to state capitalism, moves into an in-depth examination of several countries and regions, and concludes with a discussion on the future of state capitalism in the next decade. Coauthors Scott B. MacDonald and Jonathan Lemco examine the challenges that state-owned companies face in the global economy, including a weak legal and commercial infrastructure, a conflict of interest between politics and business, and massive corruption in local and regional governments. A close review of the perils of state capitalism based on meritocracy devolving into crony capitalism invites debate on the longevity of this economic system versus a free market economy.