Reforming Corrections For Juvenile Offenders

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309278937
Total Pages : 463 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-05-22 with total page 463 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Adolescence is a distinct, yet transient, period of development between childhood and adulthood characterized by increased experimentation and risk-taking, a tendency to discount long-term consequences, and heightened sensitivity to peers and other social influences. A key function of adolescence is developing an integrated sense of self, including individualization, separation from parents, and personal identity. Experimentation and novelty-seeking behavior, such as alcohol and drug use, unsafe sex, and reckless driving, are thought to serve a number of adaptive functions despite their risks. Research indicates that for most youth, the period of risky experimentation does not extend beyond adolescence, ceasing as identity becomes settled with maturity. Much adolescent involvement in criminal activity is part of the normal developmental process of identity formation and most adolescents will mature out of these tendencies. Evidence of significant changes in brain structure and function during adolescence strongly suggests that these cognitive tendencies characteristic of adolescents are associated with biological immaturity of the brain and with an imbalance among developing brain systems. This imbalance model implies dual systems: one involved in cognitive and behavioral control and one involved in socio-emotional processes. Accordingly adolescents lack mature capacity for self-regulations because the brain system that influences pleasure-seeking and emotional reactivity develops more rapidly than the brain system that supports self-control. This knowledge of adolescent development has underscored important differences between adults and adolescents with direct bearing on the design and operation of the justice system, raising doubts about the core assumptions driving the criminalization of juvenile justice policy in the late decades of the 20th century. It was in this context that the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP) asked the National Research Council to convene a committee to conduct a study of juvenile justice reform. The goal of Reforming Juvenile Justice: A Developmental Approach was to review recent advances in behavioral and neuroscience research and draw out the implications of this knowledge for juvenile justice reform, to assess the new generation of reform activities occurring in the United States, and to assess the performance of OJJDP in carrying out its statutory mission as well as its potential role in supporting scientifically based reform efforts.

Author : Yitzhak Bakal
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 246 pages
Book Rating : 4.37/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Reforming Corrections for Juvenile Offenders written by Yitzhak Bakal and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309172357
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.56/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-06-05 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Even though youth crime rates have fallen since the mid-1990s, public fear and political rhetoric over the issue have heightened. The Columbine shootings and other sensational incidents add to the furor. Often overlooked are the underlying problems of child poverty, social disadvantage, and the pitfalls inherent to adolescent decisionmaking that contribute to youth crime. From a policy standpoint, adolescent offenders are caught in the crossfire between nurturance of youth and punishment of criminals, between rehabilitation and "get tough" pronouncements. In the midst of this emotional debate, the National Research Council's Panel on Juvenile Crime steps forward with an authoritative review of the best available data and analysis. Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents recommendations for addressing the many aspects of America's youth crime problem. This timely release discusses patterns and trends in crimes by children and adolescentsâ€"trends revealed by arrest data, victim reports, and other sources; youth crime within general crime; and race and sex disparities. The book explores desistanceâ€"the probability that delinquency or criminal activities decrease with ageâ€"and evaluates different approaches to predicting future crime rates. Why do young people turn to delinquency? Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice presents what we know and what we urgently need to find out about contributing factors, ranging from prenatal care, differences in temperament, and family influences to the role of peer relationships, the impact of the school policies toward delinquency, and the broader influences of the neighborhood and community. Equally important, this book examines a range of solutions: Prevention and intervention efforts directed to individuals, peer groups, and families, as well as day care-, school- and community-based initiatives. Intervention within the juvenile justice system. Role of the police. Processing and detention of youth offenders. Transferring youths to the adult judicial system. Residential placement of juveniles. The book includes background on the American juvenile court system, useful comparisons with the juvenile justice systems of other nations, and other important information for assessing this problem.

Author : Lloyd E. Ohlin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Juvenile Correctional Reform in Massachusetts written by Lloyd E. Ohlin and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Daniel W. Hancock
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437916392
Total Pages : 105 pages
Book Rating : 4.93/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Juvenile Justice Reform written by Daniel W. Hancock and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2009-12 with total page 105 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In shifting responsibility to the counties for hundreds of California¿s youth offenders, the state recognized that its juvenile justice system cannot be reformed without radical change. Though prompted by cost concerns, the realignment of responsibilities to the counties was the right policy move. Many counties have demonstrated that they can provide programs and treatment to youth offenders who need to turn their lives around in settings that allow them to reintegrate more successfully into their communities. Contents of this report: Juvenile Justice in California; Realignment Leadership and Oversight; Juvenile Offenders Remaining at the State Level; Conclusion; The Study Process; Appendices. Sidebars and Charts.

Author : Dan Macallair
Publisher : Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.45/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Reforming Juvenile Justice written by Dan Macallair and published by Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company. This book was released on 1998 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Elizabeth S Scott
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674043367
Total Pages : 379 pages
Book Rating : 4.67/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Rethinking Juvenile Justice written by Elizabeth S Scott and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2009-06-30 with total page 379 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What should we do with teenagers who commit crimes? In this book, two leading scholars in law and adolescent development argue that juvenile justice should be grounded in the best available psychological science, which shows that adolescence is a distinctive state of cognitive and emotional development. Although adolescents are not children, they are also not fully responsible adults.

Author : Edmund F. McGarrell
Publisher : State University of New York Press
ISBN 13 : 1438412436
Total Pages : 242 pages
Book Rating : 4.36/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Juvenile Correctional Reform written by Edmund F. McGarrell and published by State University of New York Press. This book was released on 1988-07-08 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the divergent reform agendas that have shaped American juvenile justice systems during the last two decades. Testing and extending the theory of social reform developed by Ohlin, et al. in their study of Massachusetts' juvenile justice reform, McGarrell investigates the process of change in New York State's juvenile corrections system because this state was a forerunner of both liberal and conservative national reform trends. He asks: "What juvenile justice policies have changed? Who has changed them, and why? What has been the effect on juvenile corrections, and ultimately, on youth?" Juvenile Correctional Reform suggests that many factors—as broad as cultural shifts in prevailing political ideology, and as narrow as the individual initiative of an agency head—have shaped policy and procedure at specific times. It also provides an important case study of an organization in relation to its environment during a period of unprecedented and often contradictory demands for change in juvenile corrections.

Author : George Miller
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437936369
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.60/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Reforming the Juvenile Justice System to Improve Children's Lives and Public Safety written by George Miller and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hearing on the reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act, which was first written in 1974 with the goal of supporting states¿ actions to prevent youth crime and to provide core protections for children. The law recognized that clear biological differences between teenagers and adults meant that youth should not be treated in the same manner as adults. Witnesses: Michael Belton, Ramsey County, MN, Dep. Dir. of Juvenile Corrections; Scott Burns, Exec. Dir., National DA¿s Assoc.; A. Hasan Davis, Dep. Commissioner for Operations, Kentucky Dept. of Juvenile Justice; Tracy McClard, Parent; John Solberg, Exec. Dir., Rawhide Boys Ranch, New London, WI; Steven Teske, Judge, Clayton County Juvenile Court, GA. Illus.

Author : Sarah Diane Cate
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 762 pages
Book Rating : 4.62/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Politics of Prison Reform: Juvenile Justice Policy in Texas, California and Pennsylvania written by Sarah Diane Cate and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 762 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At a moment when there is a great deal of enthusiasm for reforming the prison system in the United States, a number of states across the country have enacted legislation that aims to reduce the number of juveniles sent to state-run prisons. These new policies have focused on expanding community-based alternatives. The three state-level cases on Texas, California and Pennsylvania show that this strategy for reform entrenches punishment at the local level. As counties are given more responsibility to handle juvenile offenders they have contracted out services to the private-sector and invested in expanding jails and punitive conditions of probation. Overall, the reforms have done little to improve the treatment of juveniles caught up in the system. In these states hailed as juvenile justice “models for the nation,” youth continue to be incarcerated for minor offenses, subjected to abusive conditions of confinement, and stigmatized. The remarkable convergence of diverse states on this reform strategy can be traced back to past transformative eras of juvenile justice policy. Early developments in the juvenile justice system created the foundation for devolution, privatization, and the persistent belief that juvenile delinquency can be solved through individualized interventions. The development of the juvenile justice system connects to broader trends in social policy. This latest reconfiguration of the juvenile justice system reifies post-New Deal policy development where the state has shifted from providing basic public services to subsidizing the private-sector.