Redox And Metabolic Circuits In Cancer

Author : Salvatore Rizza
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889456358
Total Pages : 183 pages
Book Rating : 4.52/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Redox and Metabolic Circuits in Cancer written by Salvatore Rizza and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-12-21 with total page 183 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Living cells require a constant supply of energy for the orchestration of a variety of biological processes in fluctuating environmental conditions. In heterotrophic organisms, energy mainly derives from the oxidation of carbohydrates and lipids, whose chemical bonds breakdown allows electrons to generate ATP and to provide reducing equivalents needed to restore the antioxidant systems and prevent from damage induced by reactive oxygen and nitric oxide (NO)-derived species (ROS and RNS). Studies of the last two decades have highlighted that cancer cells reprogram the metabolic circuitries in order to sustain their high growth rate, invade other tissues, and escape death. Therefore, this broad metabolic reorganization is mandatory for neoplastic growth, allowing the generation of adequate amounts of ATP and metabolites, as well as the optimization of redox homeostasis in the changeable environmental conditions of the tumor mass. Among these, ROS, as well as NO and RNS, which are produced at high extent in the tumor microenvironment or intracellularly, have been demonstrated acting as positive modulators of cell growth and frequently associated with malignant phenotype. Metabolic changes are also emerging as primary drivers of neoplastic onset and growth, and alterations of mitochondrial metabolism and homeostasis are emerging as pivotal in driving tumorigenesis. Targeting the metabolic rewiring, as well as affecting the balance between production and scavenging of ROS and NO-derived species, which underpin cancer growth, opens the possibility of finding selective and effective anti-neoplastic approaches, and new compounds affecting metabolic and/or redox adaptation of cancer cells are emerging as promising chemotherapeutic tools. In this Research Topic we have elaborated on all these aspects and provided our contribution to this increasingly growing field of research with new results, opinions and general overviews about the extraordinary plasticity of cancer cells to change metabolism and redox homeostasis in order to overcome the adverse conditions and sustain their “individualistic” behavior under a teleonomic viewpoint.

Author : Mohinder Pal Bansal
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9819973422
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.22/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Redox Regulation and Therapeutic Approaches in Cancer written by Mohinder Pal Bansal and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author :
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0124201768
Total Pages : 351 pages
Book Rating : 4.67/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Redox and Cancer Part A written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2014-06-25 with total page 351 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Cancer Research provides invaluable information on the exciting and fast-moving field of cancer research. Here, once again, outstanding and original reviews are presented on a variety of topics — Volume 122 explores subjects related to redox, including: redox homeostasis in epithelial-derived cancers; reactive oxygen species in normal and tumor stem cells; and gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and redox regulation. Provides information on cancer research Outstanding and original reviews Suitable for researchers and students

Author : Ines Batinić-Haberle
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319307053
Total Pages : 709 pages
Book Rating : 4.53/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Redox-Active Therapeutics written by Ines Batinić-Haberle and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-10-13 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential volume comprehensively discusses redox-active therapeutics, focusing particularly on their molecular design, mechanistic, pharmacological and medicinal aspects. The first section of the book describes the basic aspects of the chemistry and biology of redox-active drugs and includes a brief overview of the redox-based pathways involved in cancer and the medical aspects of redox-active drugs, assuming little in the way of prior knowledge. Subsequent sections and chapters describe more specialized aspects of central nervous system injuries, neurodegenerative diseases, pain, radiation injury and radioprotection (such as of brain, lungs, head and neck and erectile function) and neglected diseases (e.g., leishmaniasis). It encompasses several major classes of redox-active experimental therapeutics, which include porphyrins, salens, nitrones, and most notably metal-containing (e.g., Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Sb) drugs as either single compounds or formulations with nanomaterials and quantum dots. Numerous illustrations, tables and figures enhance and complement the text; extensive references to relevant literature are also included. Redox-Active Therapeutics is an invaluable addition to Springer’s Oxidative Stress in Applied Basic Research and Clinical Practice series. It is essential reading for researchers, clinicians and graduate students interested in understanding and exploring the Redoxome—the organism redox network—as an emerging frontier in drug design, redox biology and medicine.

Author : Sajal Chakraborti
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811654220
Total Pages : 4078 pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Therapeutic Aspects written by Sajal Chakraborti and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-09-28 with total page 4078 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This reference book, which is the second volume of Targeting Oxidative Stress in Cancer, explores oxidative stress as the potential therapeutic target for cancer therapy. The initial chapters discuss the molecular mechanisms of oxidative stress and its effects on different signaling pathways. Subsequently, the sections examine the impact of redox signaling on tumor cell proliferation and consider the therapeutic potential of dietary phytochemicals and nutraceuticals in reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cancer. In turn, it examines the evidence supporting the use of Vitamin C in cancer management, before presenting various synthetic and natural compounds that have therapeutic implications for oxidative stress-induced cancer. It also explores the correlation between non-coding RNA and oxidative stress. Furthermore, the book summarizes the role of stem cells in ROS-induced cancer therapy and reviews the therapeutic applications of nanoparticles to alter redox haemostasis in cancer cells. Lastly, it explores heat-shock proteins, ubiquitin ligases, and probiotics as potential therapeutic agents in ROS-mediated cancer. This book is a useful resource for basic and translational scientists as well as clinicians interested in the field of oxidative stress and cancer therapy. ​

Author : Mehmet Badur
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.48/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Elucidation of Redox Metabolism Control Points in Highly Proliferative Cells written by Mehmet Badur and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Metabolism is essential for cellular homeostasis as cells import nutrients as substrates for biosynthetic reactions or as energy to power the cell. However, maintenance of this homeostasis in the face of environmental or genetic insults requires altering metabolic fluxes to achieve a desired behavior. Redox metabolism is a critical subsystem within the metabolic network and must be finely tuned to support growth in highly proliferative cells. The chapters of this dissertation are independent bodies of work that explore how redox metabolism is altered to support stem cell and cancer cell growth. Chapter 1, titled "Reverse engineering the cancer metabolic network using flux analysis to understand drivers of human disease," is a review on the utility of applying metabolic flux analysis (MFA) to study cancer biology. The chapter first introduces techniques required for MFA and then highlights recent advances in cancer metabolism that required the application of MFA. Chapter 2, titled "Enzymatic passaging of human embryonic stem cells alters central carbon metabolism and glycan abundance," explores how routine enzymatic passage methods alters metabolism to support increased hexosamine biosynthesis after cleavage of the glycolayx. Chapter 3, titled "Distinct metabolic states can support self-renewal and lipogenesis in human pluripotent stem cells under different culture conditions," examines how disparate media conditions routinely used in stem cell culture maintain pluripotency in distinct metabolic states. Chemically-defined media forces the cell to reside in an increased biosynthetic state to support de novo lipogenesis that can be reversed with lipid supplementation. Chapter 4, titled "Lipid availability influences the metabolic maturation of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes," describes how gold-standard culture conditions for cardiomyocyte differentiation present a roadblock for metabolic maturation. Chapter 5, titled "Combinatorial CRISPR-Cas9 metabolic screens reveal critical redox control points dependent on the KEAP1-NRF2 regulatory axis," describes using novel combinatorial CRISPR screening technology to understand glycolytic network topology and enzyme compensation in cancer cells. Examination of dispensability of redox genes across cell types revealed a counterintuitive regulation of redox metabolism function and essentiality controlled by KEAP1-NRF2. Chapter 6, titled "Oncogenic R132 IDH1 mutations limit NADPH for de novo lipogenesis through (D)2-hydroxyglutarate production in fibrosarcoma cells," describes how oncogenic mutations in IDH1 reprogram NAD(P)H metabolism to support 2HG production. While the mutation is generally tolerated, 2HG production competes with de novo lipogenesis for NADPH when cells are placed in lipid-deficient conditions. Taken together, these collective studies demonstrate the importance of understanding redox-specific metabolic flux regulation in highly proliferative cells. These findings have impact on bioprocess development of stem cells and therapeutic targeting of cancer cells.

Author : Man-Kuen Du
Publisher : Open Dissertation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781361032237
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF RED written by Man-Kuen Du and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "The Biological Significance of Redox Control in Cultured Cancer Cells" by Man-kuen, Du, 杜文娟, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Glycogen, the highly-branched polymer of glucose, has been hypothesised to act as the major fuel reserve during energy crisis to provide readily available glucose. Subjecting to the metabolic demand, synthesis or breakdown of glycogen occurs in response to the level of glucose. Particularly, in oxygen- and nutrient-deficient microenvironment, glycogen serves as a vital energy source to sustain cell growth via glycogen breakdown to release free glucose, followed by glycolysis or pentose phosphate pathway to generate ATP. In order to test the above hypothesis, glycogen metabolism was disrupted by abolishing the two major rate-limiting enzymes in glycogen metabolism, the glycogen phosphorylase (GP) and glycogen synthase (GYS) which correspond to their roles in glycogen breakdown and synthesis respectively. It is reasoned that if the above hypothesis is correct, disrupting glycogen metabolism will not affect the cells in anyway under conditions that there is no concern with energy deficiency. Glycogen was almost absent in cells in GYS-knockout cells (in which GYS was not expressed). By contrast significant increase in glycogen accumulation over the wildtype cells was observed in the GP-knockout cells (in which GP was not expressed). The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was found to increase in all glycogen-metabolism-enzymes-knockout cells with GYS1-KO the highest, as compared to the wildtype cells, assessed by fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. Subsequent stress responses were further examined. The removal of GYS1 gene illustrated downregulation of G6PD and upregulation of HIF1α. However Western blot results of eIF2α-p, LDHA and LC3 presented uncertainty caused by inconsistency of results and may require further investigation. Consequently, the results suggested that the role of glycogen is not only limited to fuel reserve during energy crisis. Without a functional glycogen metabolism, cultured cancer cells in the absence of an energy crisis produced more ROS, followed by upregulation of HIF1α and potentially downregulation of G6PD. As such, the observations in this study contradict the hypothesis and present a possible involvement of glycogen metabolism in cancer cells even during normal condition. Therefore, it would also be valuable to examine the impact of perturbed glycogen metabolism on cell viability and other regulatory proteins so as to further understand the utilisation of glycogen metabolism in cancer cells during tumour hypoxia. Subjects: Cancer cells Oxidation-reduction reaction

Author : Canhua Huang
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 981160522X
Total Pages : 323 pages
Book Rating : 4.22/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Oxidative Stress written by Canhua Huang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-27 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a systematic review of the cutting-edge knowledge in stress medicine. Cellular redox imbalance, resulting from overproduction of reactive oxide species (ROS), leads to oxidative stress and subsequent occurrence and development of many diseases, such as cancer, diabetes, pain, etc. In addition, ROS can induce post-translational modification of proteins and play roles through redox signaling pathways. In this book, the authors attempt to re-define the key concepts in oxidative stress, such as oxidative eustress and oxidative distress, revisit the pivotal signaling of oxidative stress in human diseases, and discuss the debate in current anti-oxidant strategies, such as natural products and drug repurposing. This book serves as a reference to graduate students and researchers in this growing field.

Author : Ali Vaziri-Gohar
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2832535690
Total Pages : 165 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Metabolic Regulation under Oxidative Stress in Cancer written by Ali Vaziri-Gohar and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-10-10 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Nnenna Adimora Finn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.99/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Role of Redox Systems in Doxorubicin Metabolism and Doxorubicin-mediated Cell Signaling written by Nnenna Adimora Finn and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insensitivity to chemotherapy is an ongoing issue in cancer treatment, one that appears to be highly dependent on patient-specific variations. It has been shown clinically that while a subset of patients will successfully respond to a particular chemotherapeutic regimen, there exists another subset of patients who when exposed to the same course of therapy will remain resistant to treatment or exhibit signs of relapse after treatment has been administered. This discrepancy raises interesting questions regarding the role that patient-specific variations play in controlling the efficacy of chemotherapy treatment regimens. Doxorubicin (Dox) is a common chemotherapeutic agent used in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors and leukemias and resistance to Dox treatment is a major issue in cancer chemotherapy, oftentimes leading to patient relapse. To gain a deeper understanding of the processes that influence Dox resistance, we must first understand the mechanisms that underlie and contribute to Dox's toxicity. To this end, the metabolic reactions that activate Dox have been implicated as major determinants of Dox cytoxicity and as possible factors that control Dox resistance in cancer cells. : There are several lines of evidence that redox-dependent metabolism plays a large role in Dox toxicity. The Dox bioactivation network is comprised of a system of reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions that lead to the formation of toxic Dox metabolites and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, multi-drug resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells derived from relapsed patients have elevated levels of the antioxidant glutathione and show insensitivity to Dox treatment. The redox dependence of Dox bioactivation, the understanding that Dox treatment generates ROS, and the evidence that Dox resistant cells exhibit increased antioxidant capacity, suggest the possibility that redox pathways modulate the efficacy of Dox treatment in cancer cells. The overall objectives of the proposed dissertation, therefore, were to investigate how the redox properties of the Dox bioactivation network influence Dox toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells, and to provide evidence that cell-specific variations in the intracellular levels of these redox components influences the degree to which Dox treatment will induce cancer cell death.