Radiation Induced And Oxidative Dna Damages

Author : Antonio Monari
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889196607
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Radiation-induced and oxidative DNA damages written by Antonio Monari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-10-02 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA stores and passes the genetic information of almost all living organisms. Its molecular structure and their intramolecular interactions are particularly suitable to maximize stability against oxidative stress and UV-light absorption. Yet the protection and repair strategies are still error-prone: DNA lesions are produced, including the most complex and highly mutagenic ones. An important threat to DNA stability comes from photosensitization, i.e. from the dramatic multiplication of radiation-induced defects mediated by the presence of organic or organometallic dyes compared to the direct exposure to UVA radiation. Moreover, the photo-induced production of singlet oxygen generates an extremely high oxidative stress on DNA that, in vivo, normally results in extended cellular apoptosis. Elucidating the processes leading to DNA damages, from the production of a simple radical entity to deleterious lesions, as well as the opportunities of repair by devoted enzymes, is a cornerstone towards the development of more efficient protection strategies. Sensitization and selective production of DNA lesions can also be exploited to induce the selective apoptosis of cancer cells upon exposition to radiation or to oxidative stress, for instance in the field of photodynamic therapy. The importance and relevance of the field is witnessed by the impressive amount of high-level papers dealing with this complex subject, and notably tackling the structural elucidation of DNA and DNA-drug adducts, the mechanisms of formation of DNA lesions (including the precise detection of the final lesion products), as well as the influence of the lesions on the DNA stability and dynamics and the consequences on the ease of repair. Due to the complexity of the field lying at the frontiers between chemistry, physics and biology, multidisciplinary strategies allying modeling and experience are needed. This topic aims at giving an extended overview of the current research in the domain, with fundamental contribution from the leading groups in the field of DNA reactivity, structural characterization, photo-chemistry and photo-physics, as well as repair mechanism. It will therefore be a fundamental guide for scientists wanting to address the field of DNA lesion and repair, but also more generally for researchers working in rational drug design or in the development of biomarkers and medical imaging techniques

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.82/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Radiation-induced and Oxidative DNA Damages written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: DNA stores and passes the genetic information of almost all living organisms. Its molecular structure and their intramolecular interactions are particularly suitable to maximize stability against oxidative stress and UV-light absorption. Yet the protection and repair strategies are still error-prone: DNA lesions are produced, including the most complex and highly mutagenic ones. An important threat to DNA stability comes from photosensitization, i.e. from the dramatic multiplication of radiation-induced defects mediated by the presence of organic or organometallic dyes compared to the direct exposure to UVA radiation. Moreover, the photo-induced production of singlet oxygen generates an extremely high oxidative stress on DNA that, in vivo, normally results in extended cellular apoptosis. Elucidating the processes leading to DNA damages, from the production of a simple radical entity to deleterious lesions, as well as the opportunities of repair by devoted enzymes, is a cornerstone towards the development of more efficient protection strategies. Sensitization and selective production of DNA lesions can also be exploited to induce the selective apoptosis of cancer cells upon exposition to radiation or to oxidative stress, for instance in the field of photodynamic therapy. The importance and relevance of the field is witnessed by the impressive amount of high-level papers dealing with this complex subject, and notably tackling the structural elucidation of DNA and DNA-drug adducts, the mechanisms of formation of DNA lesions (including the precise detection of the final lesion products), as well as the influence of the lesions on the DNA stability and dynamics and the consequences on the ease of repair. Due to the complexity of the field lying at the frontiers between chemistry, physics and biology, multidisciplinary strategies allying modeling and experience are needed. This topic aims at giving an extended overview of the current research in the domain, with fundamental contribution from the leading groups in the field of DNA reactivity, structural characterization, photo-chemistry and photo-physics, as well as repair mechanism. It will therefore be a fundamental guide for scientists wanting to address the field of DNA lesion and repair, but also more generally for researchers working in rational drug design or in the development of biomarkers and medical imaging techniques.

Author : D. Schulte-Frohlinde
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9783718648740
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Free-Radical and Radiation-Induced Damage to DNA written by D. Schulte-Frohlinde and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1989 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Robert C. Bast, Jr.
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 111900084X
Total Pages : 2008 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine written by Robert C. Bast, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2017-03-10 with total page 2008 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine, Ninth Edition, offers a balanced view of the most current knowledge of cancer science and clinical oncology practice. This all-new edition is the consummate reference source for medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, internists, surgical oncologists, and others who treat cancer patients. A translational perspective throughout, integrating cancer biology with cancer management providing an in depth understanding of the disease An emphasis on multidisciplinary, research-driven patient care to improve outcomes and optimal use of all appropriate therapies Cutting-edge coverage of personalized cancer care, including molecular diagnostics and therapeutics Concise, readable, clinically relevant text with algorithms, guidelines and insight into the use of both conventional and novel drugs Includes free access to the Wiley Digital Edition providing search across the book, the full reference list with web links, illustrations and photographs, and post-publication updates

Author : Clemens Sonntag
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540305920
Total Pages : 528 pages
Book Rating : 4.27/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Free-Radical-Induced DNA Damage and Its Repair written by Clemens Sonntag and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-20 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The free-radical chemistry of DNA had been discussed in some detail in 1987 in my book The Chemical Basis of Radiation Biology. Obviously, the more recent developments and the concomitant higher level of understanding of mechanistic details are missing. Moreover, in the living cell, free-radical DNA damage is not only induced by ionizing radiation, but free-radical-induced DNA damage is a much more general phenomenon. It was, therefore, felt that it is now timely to review our present knowledge of free-radical-induced DNA damage induced by all conceivable free-radical-generating sources. Originally, it had been thought to include also a very important aspect, the repair of DNA damage by the cell’s various repair enzymes. Kevin Prise (Cancer Campaign, Gray Laboratory, L- don) was so kind to agree to write this part. However, an adequate description of this strongly expanding area would have exceeded the allocated space by much, and this section had to be omitted. The directors of the Max-Planck-Institut für Strahlenchemie (now MPI für Bioanorganische Chemie), Karl Wieghardt and Wolfgang Lubitz, kindly allowed me to continue to use its facilities after my retirement in 2001. Notably, our - brarian, Mrs. Jutta Theurich, and her right-hand help, Mrs. Rosemarie Schr- er, were most helpful in getting hold of the literature. I thank them very much. Without their constant help, this would have been very difficult indeed.

Author : Susan Helen MacPhail
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.88/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Effect of Intercellular Contact on Radiation-induced DNA Damage written by Susan Helen MacPhail and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Daryl S. Henderson
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1592599737
Total Pages : 498 pages
Book Rating : 4.38/5 ( download)

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Download or read book DNA Repair Protocols written by Daryl S. Henderson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-03 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first edition of this book, published in 1999 and called DNA Repair Protocols: Eukaryotic Systems, brought together laboratory-based methods for studying DNA damage and repair in diverse eukaryotes: namely, two kinds of yeast, a nematode, a fruit fly, a toad, three different plants, and human and murine cells. This second edition of DNA Repair Protocols covers mammalian cells only and hence its new subtitle, Mammalian Systems. There are two reasons for this fresh emphasis, both of them pragmatic: to cater to the interests of what is now a largely mammalocentric DNA repair field, and to expedite editing and prod- tion of this volume. Although DNA Repair Protocols: Mammalian Systems is a smaller book than its predecessor, it actually contains a greater variety of methods. Fourteen of the book’s thirty-two chapters are entirely new and areas of redundancy present in the first edition have been eliminated here (for example, now just two chapters describe assays for nucleotide excision repair [NER], rather than seven). All eighteen returning chapters have been revised, many of them ext- sively. In order to maintain a coherent arrangement of topics, the four-part p- titioning seen in the first edition was dispensed with and chapters concerned with ionizing radiation damage and DNA strand breakage and repair were re- cated to near the front of the book. Finally, an abstract now heads each chapter.

Author : Prajakta S. Bhatkhande
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 116 pages
Book Rating : 4.70/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Small Molecule Biomarkers Resulting from Radiation and Oxidative Damage to DNA written by Prajakta S. Bhatkhande and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Oxidative damage to DNA and other biomolecules is a result of various reactive radical species that are formed as a result of exogenous factors like radiation or by endogenous mechanisms involving cellular metabolic processes. The role of radiation in direct and indirect DNA damage is a fast growing field of study. Low-energy electrons (LEEs) are a fundamental component of Ionizing Radiation (IR) that are involved in various physicochemical and biochemical phenomena underlying radiation chemistry. This is based on the fact that exposure of biomolecules to such high energy radiation (particles and/or photons) causes electrons to be removed from any atomic or molecular orbitals of the matter accessible at that energy range. These liberated secondary electrons (SEs) can initiate further ionization or excitation processes thus leading to a cascade of events. Two types of radiation induced DNA damage have been studied, direct damage which refers to the direct energy deposition that inflicts damage leading to DNA strand breaks, and the indirect damage which refers to interaction with the molecular environment of DNA, chiefly water, liberating the reactive hydroxyl radical. It has been observed that the addition of LEE to DNA components, triggers the formation of unstable and reactive radicals and ions. These reactive intermediates further generate carbon-centered radicals on the DNA nucleobase as well as the 2-deoxyribose moiety of DNA during the course of DNA damage. Though extensive study has established the importance of nucleobase damage, the oxidation on deoxyribose is also a critical aspect in the toxicology of oxidative stress. DNA damage pathway by LEE involves the cleavage of the phosphodiester bond leading to formation of the C3'-dideoxy and C5'-dideoxy radical at the C3' and C5' positions of deoxyribose. Site selective formation of such radical species through photolysis can be an effective means to study mechanisms involved in their formation and decide their metabolic fate. The goal of this research is to determine the fate of C5'- dideoxy radical by its site selective generation using photolysis. 5'-deoxy-C5' -thymidinyl radical precursor was synthesized using two different organic synthetic approaches and its suitability as a photochemical precursor for generating the 5'-deoxy-C5'-thymidinyl radical was evaluated. Fate of the radical formed can be investigated to develop potential biomarkers for oxidative stress which may in turn be significant towards quantifying the extent and pathogenesis of various diseases. The secondary goal of this research is to synthesize and study the small molecules generated from 3'-oxonucleotide lesion. The base labile 3'-oxonucleotide lesion has been observed to undergo nucleobase elimination followed by further degradation to generate 2-methylene-3(2H)-furanone. To fully elucidate the impact of formation of these degradation products on DNA damage and repair processes, it is vital to understand the reactivity and chemical fate of these fragments. Attempts were made to synthesize these small molecule degradation products with focus on 2-methylene-3(2H)-furanone formation.

Author : Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133343
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.40/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation written by Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-03-23 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the seventh in a series of titles from the National Research Council that addresses the effects of exposure to low dose LET (Linear Energy Transfer) ionizing radiation and human health. Updating information previously presented in the 1990 publication, Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V, this book draws upon new data in both epidemiologic and experimental research. Ionizing radiation arises from both natural and man-made sources and at very high doses can produce damaging effects in human tissue that can be evident within days after exposure. However, it is the low-dose exposures that are the focus of this book. So-called “late” effects, such as cancer, are produced many years after the initial exposure. This book is among the first of its kind to include detailed risk estimates for cancer incidence in addition to cancer mortality. BEIR VII offers a full review of the available biological, biophysical, and epidemiological literature since the last BEIR report on the subject and develops the most up-to-date and comprehensive risk estimates for cancer and other health effects from exposure to low-level ionizing radiation.

Author : Alfred F. Fuciarelli
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.15/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Radiation Damage in DNA written by Alfred F. Fuciarelli and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: