Previous Convictions

Author : Richard S. Frase
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0190254009
Total Pages : 337 pages
Book Rating : 4.01/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Paying for the Past written by Richard S. Frase and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019-08 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: All modern sentencing systems, in the US and beyond, consider the offender's prior record to be an important determinant of the form and severity of punishment for subsequent offences. Repeat offenders receive harsher punishments than first offenders, and offenders with longer criminal records are punished more severely than those with shorter records. Yet the vast literature on sentencing policy, law, and practice has generally overlooked the issue of prior convictions, even though this is the most important sentencing factor after the seriousness of the crime. In Paying for the Past, Richard S. Frase and Julian V. Roberts provide a critical and systematic examination of current prior record enhancements under sentencing guidelines across the US. Drawing on empirical data and analyses of guidelines from a number of jurisdictions, they illustrate different approaches to prior record enhancements and the differing outcomes of those approaches. Roberts and Frase demonstrate that most prior record enhancements generate a range of adverse outcomes at sentencing. Further, the pervasive justifications for prior record enhancement, such as the repeat offender's assumed higher risk of reoffending or greater culpability, are uncertain and have rarely been subjected to critical appraisal. The punitive sentencing premiums for repeat offenders prescribed by US guidelines cannot be justified on grounds of prevention or retribution. Shining a light on a neglected but critically important topic, Paying for the Past examines the costs of prior record enhancements for repeat offenders and offers model guidelines to help reduce racial disparities and reallocate criminal justice resources for jurisdictions who use sentence enhancements.

Author : Julian V Roberts
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1782256067
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.69/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Previous Convictions at Sentencing written by Julian V Roberts and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This latest volume in the Penal Theory and Penal Ethics series addresses one of the oldestquestions in the field of criminal sentencing: should an offender's previous convictions affect the sentence? Although there is an extensive literature on the definition and use of criminal history information, the emphasis here is on the theoretical and normative aspects of considering previous convictions at sentencing. Several authors explore the theory underlying the practice of mitigating the punishments for first offenders, while others put forth arguments for enhancing sentences for recidivists.

Author : United States Sentencing Commission
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4.5V/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Guidelines Manual written by United States Sentencing Commission and published by . This book was released on 1988-10 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Traci Burch
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022606509X
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.90/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Trading Democracy for Justice written by Traci Burch and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2013-08-21 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States imprisons far more people, total and per capita, and at a higher rate than any other country in the world. Among the more than 1.5 million Americans currently incarcerated, minorities and the poor are disproportionately represented. What’s more, they tend to come from just a few of the most disadvantaged neighborhoods in the country. While the political costs of this phenomenon remain poorly understood, it’s become increasingly clear that the effects of this mass incarceration are much more pervasive than previously thought, extending beyond those imprisoned to the neighbors, family, and friends left behind. For Trading Democracy for Justice, Traci Burch has drawn on data from neighborhoods with imprisonment rates up to fourteen times the national average to chart demographic features that include information about imprisonment, probation, and parole, as well as voter turnout and volunteerism. She presents powerful evidence that living in a high-imprisonment neighborhood significantly decreases political participation. Similarly, people living in these neighborhoods are less likely to engage with their communities through volunteer work. What results is the demobilization of entire neighborhoods and the creation of vast inequalities—even among those not directly affected by the criminal justice system. The first book to demonstrate the ways in which the institutional effects of imprisonment undermine already disadvantaged communities, Trading Democracy for Justice speaks to issues at the heart of democracy.

Author : Lia Matera
Publisher : Fawcett
ISBN 13 : 9780345374455
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.52/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Prior Convictions written by Lia Matera and published by Fawcett. This book was released on 1992 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Willa Jansson is a cynical ex-radical who worked in an L.A. corporate law firm for a year and has the scars to prove it. Back home in San Francisco, her still activist parents ask her to do a favor for an ex-boyfriend's new girlfriend. And she quickly becomes embroiled in a case of conflicting interests, slow-dying passions, and political grudges that can kill....

Author : Margaret Colgate Love
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781539292913
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Collateral Consequences of Criminal Conviction written by Margaret Colgate Love and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "No longer can any person involved in the criminal justice system ignore the vast array of restrictions and disqualifications that are triggered by a criminal conviction. Judges, defense lawyers, prosecutors, probation officials and, of course, accused persons themselves must recognize that much more is at stake in a criminal prosecution than the court-imposed sentence. Even minor offenses trigger serious and potentially life-altering statutory and regulatory penalties. These so-called 'collateral consequences' are scattered throughout statutes, regulations, and municipal ordinances. They are difficult to find, and are too frequently ignored during plea negotiations and at sentencing. When it becomes apparent how many opportunities and privileges have been lost as a result of a conviction there may be little the convicted person can do about it. For this reason, collateral consequences have become an increasingly important part of civil practice areas as diverse as employment, government contracts, civil rights, immigration, housing, and family law. This volume seeks to ensure that the parties involved in a criminal case can identify and understand the full range of disabilities and disqualifications that accompany conviction. It also seeks to provide a comprehensive resource for civil practitioners whose clients are seeking to mitigate the effects of collateral consequences, as well as policy advocates and public officials seeking to reform the way the legal system treats those with a conviction record."--Page ix.

Author : The City The City Law School
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198714408
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Criminal Litigation and Sentencing written by The City The City Law School and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2014-08-28 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Published in conjunction with The City Law School, the Bar Manuals are written specifically for students on the Bar Professional Training Course by expert teams of practising barristers and current or former tutors. Each manual provides a practical guide to the law, practice, and procedure of the individual subject, and offers clear explanations of the relevant substantive and procedural law. Where appropriate, the manuals contain worked examples, sample documentation, and exercises Criminal Litigation and Sentencing offers an excellent introduction to the criminal justice system and the rules and procedures which govern the role of the criminal advocate. The manual provides practical guidance on all aspects of a criminal case, from arrest and charge, to trial, appeals, and sentence. Full consideration Is given to criminal proceedings in magistrates', youth, and Crown courts, so that the trainee barrister is fully prepared for practice

Author : Marcus J. Borg
Publisher : Harper Collins
ISBN 13 : 0062269992
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Convictions written by Marcus J. Borg and published by Harper Collins. This book was released on 2014-05-20 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On the occasion of his seventieth birthday, the renowned scholar Marcus J. Borg shares how he formed his bedrock religious beliefs, contending that Christians in America are at their best when they focus on hope and transformation and so shows how we can return to what really matters most. The result is a manifesto for all progressive Christians who seek the best path for following Jesus today. With each chapter embodying a distinct conviction, Borg writes provocatively and compellingly on the beliefs that can deeply ground us and guide us, such as: God is real and a mystery; salvation is more about this life than an afterlife; the Bible can be true without being literally true; Jesus's death on the cross matters—but not because he paid for our sins; God is passionate about justice and the poor; and to love God is to love like God. Borg calls all American Christians to reject divisiveness and exclusivity and create communities that celebrate joy, possibility, and renewal. Throughout, he reflects on what matters most, bringing to earth the kingdom of God Jesus talked about and transforming our relationships with one another. Rich in wisdom and insight, Convictions is sure to become a classic of contemporary Christianity.

Author : Margaret Fitzgerald O'Reilly
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137596627
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Uses and Consequences of a Criminal Conviction written by Margaret Fitzgerald O'Reilly and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-23 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines the increasing retention and use of previous criminal record information, within and beyond the criminal justice system. There remains a misconception that once an offender has served the penalty for an offence, his or her dealings with the law and legal system in relation to that offence is at an end. This book demonstrates that in fact the criminal record lingers and permeates facets of the person's life far beyond the de jure sentence. Criminal records are relied upon by key decision makers at all stages of the formal criminal process, from the police to the judiciary. Convictions can affect areas of policing, bail, trial procedure and sentencing, which the author discusses. Furthermore, with the increasing intensifying of surveillance techniques in the interests of security, ex-offenders are monitored more closely post release and these provisions are explored here. Even beyond the formal criminal justice system, individuals can continue to experience many collateral consequences of a conviction whereby access to employment, travel and licenses (among other areas of social activity) can be limited as a consequence of disclosure requirements. Overall, this book examines the perpetual nature of criminal convictions through the evolution of criminal record use, focussing on the Irish perspective, and also considers the impact from a broader international perspective.

Author : United States Sentencing Commission
Publisher : Government Printing Office
ISBN 13 : 9780160938573
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.70/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Past Predicts The Future: Criminal History and Recidivism of Federal Offenders written by United States Sentencing Commission and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2017-04-12 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The focus of this report is the 25,431 U.S. citizen federal offenders released from prison or placed on probation in calendar year 2005. Recidivism refers to a person's relapse into criminal behavior, often after the person receives sanctions or undergoes interventions for a previous crime. Recidivism is typically measured by criminal acts that resulted in the re-arrest, re-conviction, and/or re-incarceration of the offender over a specified period of time. Recent developments, particularly public attention to the size of the federal prison population and the cost of incarceration have refocused the Commission's interest on the recidivism of federal offenders. This report takes into account chapters four and two of the Guidelines Manual (ISBN: 9780160934896) in establishing the Commission's methods for evaluation. Scoring points for evaluation of the study group, and criminal history category identification. The Appendix comprised of tables and figures section offers the Study group's offender race, median age, re-conviction rates, re-incarceration rates, offenses categories, and more. Related products: United States Sentencing Commission Guidelines Manual 2016 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-070-07703-4 Alternative Sentencing in the Federal Criminal Justice System is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/052-070-07686-1?ctid=1103 Federal Probation: A Journal of Correctional Philosophy and Practice print subscription available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/727-001-00000-0?ctid= Take Charge of Your Future: Get the Education and Training You Need can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/065-000-01446-7 Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, December 1, 2016 is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/federal-rules-criminal-procedure-2016