On The Origin Of Species Through Heteropatric Differentiation

Author : Kevin Winker
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0943610885
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.87/5 ( download)

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Download or read book On the Origin of Species Through Heteropatric Differentiation written by Kevin Winker and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2010-11 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Differentiation and speciation without extended isolation appear to be common among migratory animals. Historical oversight of this is probably due to temporal distortion in distribution maps and a tendency to consider that lineages had different historical traits, such as being sedentary or much less mobile. Mobility among cyclic migrants makes population isolation difficult, and diminished levels of intraspecific differentiation occur in avian migrants (I term this "Montgomery's rule"). Nevertheless, many lineages have differentiated despite increased mobility and a high propensity for gene flow, conditions that speciation theory has not addressed adequately. Populations of seasonal migrants usually occur in allopatry and sympatry during a migratory cycle, and this distributional pattern (heteropatry) is the focus of a model empirically developed to explain differentiation in migratory lineages. Divergence arises through disruptive selection from resource competition and heterogeneously distributed cyclic resources. Heteropatric speciation is a type of ecological speciation in which reproductive isolation increases between populations as a byproduct of adaptation to different environments that enhances breeding allopatry and allochrony despite degrees of sympatry that occur during the nonbreeding period in migration cycles. Mating or pair bonding in nonbreeding areas is rare. Patterns such as leapfrog migration and limited morphological divergence suggest that differentiation is driven by these ecological factors rather than by sexual selection or nontemporal changes in the resource base itself, although the additional presence of either of the latter would have additive divergent effects. Migratory lineages provide a largely neglected series of natural experiments in speciation in which to test predictions stemming from this model and others focusing on ecological speciation --

Author : John H. Rappole
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231518633
Total Pages : 459 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Avian Migrant written by John H. Rappole and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2013-06-11 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of migration, regardless of the distance involved, is to exploit two or more environments suitable for survival or reproduction over time, usually on a seasonal basis. Yet individual organisms can practice the phenomenon differently, and birds deploy unique patterns of movement over particular segments of time. Incorporating the latest research on bird migration, this concise, critical assessment offers contemporary readers a firm grasp of what defines an avian migrant, how the organism came to be, what is known about its behavior, and how we can resolve its enduring mysteries. John H. Rappole's sophisticated survey of field data clarifies key ecological, biological, physiological, navigational, and evolutionary concerns. He begins with the very first migrants, who traded a home environment of greater stability for one of greater seasonality, and uses the structure of the annual cycle to examine the difference between migratory birds and their resident counterparts. He ultimately connects these differences to evolutionary milestones that have shaped a migrant lifestyle through natural selection. Rather than catalogue and describe various aspects of bird migration, Rappole considers how the avian migrant fits within a larger ecological frame, enabling a richer understanding of the phenomenon and its critical role in sustaining a hospitable and productive environment. Rappole concludes with a focus on population biology and conservation across time periods, considering the link between bird migration and the spread of disease among birds and humans, and the effects of global warming on migrant breeding ranges, reaction norms, and macroecology.

Author : Ellen D. Ketterson
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022633080X
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Snowbird written by Ellen D. Ketterson and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2016-03-30 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At birdfeeders and in backyards across North America, the dark-eyed junco, or snowbird, can be found foraging for its next meal. With an estimated population of at least 630 million, juncos inhabit forests, parks, and even suburban habitats, making them one of the continent’s most abundant and easily observable songbirds. But while common and widespread, juncos also exhibit extraordinary diversity in color, shape, size, and behavior across their range, making them ideal study subjects for biologists interested in ecology and evolutionary diversification. Intended for scholars, citizen scientists, and amateur ornithologists, alike, Snowbird synthesizes decades of research from the diverse and talented researchers who study the Junco genus. Though contributors approach their subject from a variety of perspectives, they share a common goal: elucidating the organismal and evolutionary processes by which animals adapt and diversify in response to environmental change. Placing special emphasis on the important role that underlying physiological, hormonal, and behavioral mechanisms play in these processes, Snowbird not only provides a definitive exploration of the junco’s evolutionary history and behavioral and physiological diversity but also underscores the junco’s continued importance as a model organism in a time of rapid global climate change. By merging often disparate biological fields, Snowbird offers biologists across disciplines an integrative framework for further research into adaptation, population divergence, and the formation of new species.

Author : Caroline Isaksson
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454975
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Behavioural and Ecological Consequences of Urban Life in Birds written by Caroline Isaksson and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-06-19 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urbanization is next to global warming the largest threat to biodiversity. Indeed, it is becoming increasingly evident that many bird species get locally extinct as a result of urban development. However, many bird species benefit from urbanization, especially through the abundance of human-provided resources, and increase in abundance and densities. These birds are intriguing to study in relation to its resilience and adaption to urban environments, but also in relation to its susceptibility and the potential costs of urban life. This Research Topic consisting of 30 articles (one review, two meta-analyzes and 27 original data papers) provides insights into species and population responses to urbanization through diverse lenses, including biogeography, community ecology, behaviour, life history evolution, and physiology.

Author : Brian I. Crother
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1315352206
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.06/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Assumptions Inhibiting Progress in Comparative Biology written by Brian I. Crother and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-11-18 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a thought-provoking assessment of assumptions inhibiting progress in comparative biology. The volume is inspired by a list generated years earlier by Donn Rosen, one of the most influential, innovative and productive comparative biologists of the latter 20th century. His list has assumed almost legendary status among comparative evolutionary biologists. Surprisingly many of the obstructing assumptions implicated by Rosen remain relevant today. Any comparative biologist hoping to avoid such assumptions in their own research will benefit from this introspective volume.

Author : Trevor Price
Publisher : Roberts
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Speciation in Birds written by Trevor Price and published by Roberts. This book was released on 2008 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Speciation in Birds, Trevor Price, a University of Chicago professor and leading expert in the field, has written the most authoritative and modern synthesis on the subject to date. In clear and engaging prose and through beautiful illustrations, Price shows us why the field is as exciting and vibrant as ever. He evaluates the roles of natural selection and sexual selection. He asks how speciation contributes to some of the great patterns in species diversity such as the large number of species in the tropics, and the many endemic species on isolated islands. Throughout the book, Price emphasizes the integration of behavior, ecology, and genetics.

Author : E. O. Wiley
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470905964
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.68/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Phylogenetics written by E. O. Wiley and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2011-06-07 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The long-awaited revision of the industry standard on phylogenetics Since the publication of the first edition of this landmark volume more than twenty-five years ago, phylogenetic systematics has taken its place as the dominant paradigm of systematic biology. It has profoundly influenced the way scientists study evolution, and has seen many theoretical and technical advances as the field has continued to grow. It goes almost without saying that the next twenty-five years of phylogenetic research will prove as fascinating as the first, with many exciting developments yet to come. This new edition of Phylogenetics captures the very essence of this rapidly evolving discipline. Written for the practicing systematist and phylogeneticist, it addresses both the philosophical and technical issues of the field, as well as surveys general practices in taxonomy. Major sections of the book deal with the nature of species and higher taxa, homology and characters, trees and tree graphs, and biogeography—the purpose being to develop biologically relevant species, character, tree, and biogeographic concepts that can be applied fruitfully to phylogenetics. The book then turns its focus to phylogenetic trees, including an in-depth guide to tree-building algorithms. Additional coverage includes: Parsimony and parsimony analysis Parametric phylogenetics including maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches Phylogenetic classification Critiques of evolutionary taxonomy, phenetics, and transformed cladistics Specimen selection, field collecting, and curating Systematic publication and the rules of nomenclature Providing a thorough synthesis of the field, this important update to Phylogenetics is essential for students and researchers in the areas of evolutionary biology, molecular evolution, genetics and evolutionary genetics, paleontology, physical anthropology, and zoology.

Author : H. B. Ginn
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 128 pages
Book Rating : 4.33/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Moult in Birds written by H. B. Ginn and published by . This book was released on 1983 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a summary of the plumage of birds, its structure, arrangement and functions and reviews the various types of moult patterns which are found and the ways of recording them. This title also presents species-by-species account of points including the number of flight feathers, the sequence, and season and rate of moult.

Author : E. J. Milner-Gulland
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 019157662X
Total Pages : 280 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Animal Migration written by E. J. Milner-Gulland and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2011-01-20 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the wealth of natural historical research conducted on migration over decades, there is still a dearth of hypothesis-driven studies that fully integrate theory and empirical analyses to understand the causes and consequences of migration, and a taxonomic bias towards birds in much migration research. This book takes a comparative, integrated view of animal migration, linking evolution with ecology and management, theory with empirical research, and embracing all the major migratory taxa (including human pastoralists). The scope extends beyond the target organism to consider the ecosystem-level dynamics of migration. The emphasis is on exciting new research avenues that are now opening up, whether due to advances in our understanding of migration as a biological phenomenon or through the availability of a range of new technologies. Broad themes that emerge include integrating migration into the broad spectrum of movement behaviour, the need for a comparative and cross-taxonomic approach that considers migration at a range of temporal and spatial scales, and examination of the key roles of resource uncertainty and spatial heterogeneity in driving migratory behaviour. The book identifies the potential for new tools to revolutionise the study of migration, including satellite-tracking technology, genomics, and modelling - all of which are linked to increasing computing power. We are now on the verge of a breakthrough in migration research, which is crucial given the multiple threats that face the conservation of migration as a phenomenon, including climate change.

Author : Michael Lynn Arnold
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0198755112
Total Pages : 269 pages
Book Rating : 4.11/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Divergence with Genetic Exchange written by Michael Lynn Arnold and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016 with total page 269 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book investigates the processes associated with evolutionary divergence and diversification. The focus, as the title indicates, is on the role played by the exchange of genes between divergent lineages. The study of genetic exchange resulting from natural hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, and viral recombination has long been marked by controversy between researchers holding different conceptual frameworks. Those subscribing to a doctrine of "species purity" have traditionally been reluctant to recognize inferences suggesting anything other than a marginal role for non-allopatric divergence leading to gene transfer between different lineages. However, an increasing number of evolutionary biologists now accept that there is a growing body of evidence indicating the existence of non-allopatric diversification across many lineages and all domains of biological diversity.