Obesity Smoking And Fatty Liver Disease

Author : Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889454738
Total Pages : 95 pages
Book Rating : 4.30/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Obesity, Smoking, and Fatty Liver Disease written by Amiya P. Sinha-Hikim and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2018-04-20 with total page 95 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The World Health Organization Organization estimates that over 1.9 billion people worldwide are now obese or overweight [body mass index (BMI) > 27 Kg/m2]. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is now recognized as the most devastating complications of obesity. Intimate relationship exists between obesity, innate (neutrophils, dendritic cells, macrophages, mast cells, and eosinophils) and adaptive (B and T lymphocytes) immune cells. Cells of the innate immune system produce inflammatory cytokines, and other factors leading to impaired insulin secretion and insulin resistance. Likewise, B lymphocytes (mostly B2 cells) are activated in obese adipose tissue and contribute to proinflammatory activation of adipose tissue macrophages and T cells resulting in insulin resistance. Thus, obesity-induced low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle, and pancreas not only activates the innate and adaptive systems affecting metabolic homeostasis, it also results in fibrosis and necrosis. It is now becoming increasingly evident that fibrosis is a major contributor to metabolic dysregulation in obese and T2D patients and that advanced liver fibrosis leads to cirrhosis and death. The health risks associated with obesity are further exaggerated by smoking. This research topic consisting of 10 articles (9 reviews and one original) provide a comprehensive assessment of the impact of obesity on immunometabolism, cardiac functions, the connections of nicotine to NAFLD, the expression of hepatic carcinoembryonic antigen related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1), the role chromogranin A (CgA) and its peptides pancreastatin (PST) and catestatin (CST) in insulin sensitivity, the loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, and the alternate RNA splicing.

Author : Águeda González Rodríguez
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 288971988X
Total Pages : 223 pages
Book Rating : 4.84/5 ( download)

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Download or read book New Insights Into Understanding and Managing NAFLD written by Águeda González Rodríguez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 223 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Naga Chalasani
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319205382
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.80/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease written by Naga Chalasani and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-12-10 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the first text to concisely yet comprehensively cover developments for both alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in an organized fashion. Aspects of these two diseases covered in the book include global epidemiology and risk factors, pathogenesis, animal models, hepatic and extra-hepatic malignancies, treatment models, and current and emerging therapies. Written by experts in the field, Alcoholic and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Bench to Bedside is a valuable resource for gastroenterologists, pathologists, and hepatologists who treat patients with alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Author : Ayse Basak Engin
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331948382X
Total Pages : 624 pages
Book Rating : 4.25/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Obesity and Lipotoxicity written by Ayse Basak Engin and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-05 with total page 624 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Due to the resultant health consequences and considerable increase in prevalence, obesity has become a major worldwide health problem. “Obesity and Lipotoxicity” is a comprehensive review of the recent researches to provide a better understanding of the lipotoxicity-related mechanisms of obesity and the potential for the development of new treatment strategies. This book overviews the biochemical pathways leading to obesity-related metabolic disorders that occur subsequent to lipotoxicity. Chapters examine the deleterious effects of nutrient excess at molecular level including the cellular and molecular aspects of breast cancer, resistance to leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and interconnection between the circadian clock and metabolic pathways during high-fat feeding. “Lipotoxicity and Obesity” will be a useful resource for clinicians and basic science researchers, such as biochemists, toxicologists, immunologists, nutritionists, adult and pediatric endocrinologists, cardiologists, as well as students who are thought in this field.

Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309132576
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.72/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Weighing the Options written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1995-03-01 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nearly one out of every three adults in America is obese and tens of millions of people in the United States are dieting at any one time. This has resulted in a weight-loss industry worth billions of dollars a year and growing. What are the long-term results of weight-loss programs? How can people sort through the many programs available and select one that is right for them? Weighing the Options strives to answer these questions. Despite widespread public concern about weight, few studies have examined the long-term results of weight-loss programs. One reason that evaluating obesity management is difficult is that no other treatment depends so much on an individual's own initiative and state of mind. Now, a distinguished group of experts assembled by the Institute of Medicine addresses this compelling issue. Weighing the Options presents criteria for evaluating treatment programs for obesity and explores what these criteria meanâ€"to health care providers, program designers, researchers, and even overweight people seeking help. In presenting its criteria the authors offer a wealth of information about weight loss: how obesity is on the rise, what types of weight-loss programs are available, how to define obesity, how well we maintain weight loss, and what approaches and practices appear to be most successful. Information about weight-loss programsâ€"their clients, staff qualifications, services, and success ratesâ€"necessary to make wise program choices is discussed in detail. The book examines how client demographics and characteristicsâ€"including health status, knowledge of weight-loss issues, and attitude toward weight and body imageâ€"affect which programs clients choose, how successful they are likely to be with their choices, and what this means for outcome measurement. Short- and long-term safety consequences of weight loss are discussed as well as clinical assessment of individual patients. The authors document the health risks of being overweight, summarizing data indicating that even a small weight loss reduces the risk of disease and depression and increases self-esteem. At the same time, weight loss has been associated with some poor outcomes, and the book discusses the implications for program evaluation. Prevention can be even more important than treatment. In Weighing the Options, programs for population groups, efforts targeted to specific groups at high risk for obesity, and prevention of further weight gain in obese individuals get special attention. This book provides detailed guidance on how the weight-loss industry can improve its programs to help people be more successful at long-term weight loss. And it provides consumers with tips on selecting a program that will improve their chances of permanently losing excess weight.

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309217105
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.01/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages-cancer and cardiovascular disease-available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which-unlike randomized controlled trials-are subject to many biases.

Author : Aleksander Krag
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319988905
Total Pages : 294 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Human Gut-Liver-Axis in Health and Disease written by Aleksander Krag and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-09 with total page 294 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book brings together the current knowledge and future perspectives of the complex physiology and pathophysiology of gut-liver interactions in health and disease. It provides readers with a unique overview and access to knowledge that cannot be obtained elsewhere. The structure is logical and covers all aspect including the normal physiology, changes in various liver diseases, technology, sample collection and various interventions. Thus suitable for general reading, lookup for specific questions or as a reference book within the area. The book allows the reader to access all the knowledge that has been generated within the last 10 years in this field.

Author : Paramjit S. Tappia
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030353583
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.82/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications written by Paramjit S. Tappia and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​According to the World Health Organization, the epidemic of global obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 billion adults were overweight, over 650 million of which were obese. Being overweight and obese has been linked to a number of non-communicable, chronic diseases. Pathophysiology of Obesity-Induced Health Complications is a compilation of review articles dedicated to describe co-morbidities associated with obesity. The wide range that is covered is of significant interest to basic research scientists, clinicians and graduate students who are engaged in studying obesity-induced health complications. Furthermore, this book highlights the potential of novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of obesity and its related illnesses. Nineteen articles in this book are organized in four sections that are designed to provide an overview of obesity-induced health complications. The first section serves as an introductory section on the prevalence, causes, consequences, treatments and preventive approaches for obesity. Section two covers the metabolic disturbances and inflammation due to obesity. The third section is focused on neurological and visceral complications as a consequence of obesity. The final section covers strategies for the prevention of obesity-induced complications. The book illustrates that obesity can result in a diverse range of pathophysiological conditions that adversely affect health.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789240690806
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

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Download or read book World Health Statistics 2013 written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Health Statistics 2013 contains WHO's annual compilation of health-related data for its 194 Member States and includes a summary of the progress made towards achieving the health-related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and associated targets. This year it also includes highlight summaries on the topics of reducing the gaps between the world's most-advantaged and least-advantaged countries and on current trends in official development assistance (ODA) for health. As in previous years World Health Statistics 2013 has been compiled using publications and databases produced and maintained.

Author : Frank Hu
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199718474
Total Pages : 513 pages
Book Rating : 4.74/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Obesity Epidemiology written by Frank Hu and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2008-03-21 with total page 513 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past twenty years there has been a dramatic increase in obesity in the United States. An estimated thirty percent of adults in the US are obese; in 1980, only fifteen percent were. The issue is gaining greater attention with the CDC and with the public health world in general. This book will offer practical information about the methodology of epidemiologic studies of obesity, suitable for graduate students and researchers in epidemiology, and public health practitioners with an interest in the issue. The book will be structured in four main sections, with the majority of chapters authored by Dr. Hu, and some authored by specialists in specific areas. The first section will consider issues surrounding the definition of obesity, measurement techniques, and the designs of epidemiologic studies. The second section will address the consequences of obesity, looking at epidemiologic studies that focus on cardio-vascular disease, diabetes, and cancer The third section will look at determinants obesity, reviewing a wide range of risk factors for obesity including diet, physical activity and sedentary behaviors, sleep disorders, psychosocial factors, physical environment, biochemical and genetic predictors, and intrauterine exposures. In the final section, the author will discuss the analytical issues and challenges for epidemiologic studies of obesity.