Nitrates Iii

Author : P. Lichtlen
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642680852
Total Pages : 713 pages
Book Rating : 4.54/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Nitrates III written by P. Lichtlen and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 713 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pharmacological and clinical research on nitrates continues to be of growing interest in many centers. This is surprising in view of the fact that their favorable effects in angina pectoris were described by Brunton and by Murrell in the Lancet more than 100 years ago. As expected, a host of new information has been collected since the two previous symposia on nitrates held in Stockholm in 1975 and Berlin in 1978. New insights were gained into the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of nitrates, as well as into their clinical effects in acute and chronic ischemic heart diseases and in severe congestive heart failure. Relatively little progress, however, was observed in research into the basic action of nitrates. Although most investigators agree that intracellular sequestration of calcium is probably the main mechanism by which nitrates lead to the reduction of vascular smooth muscle tone, the exact site of their action still remains undefined. In contrast, dose-dependent differences in venous and arteriolar tone have long been clearly established. Treatment was again in the main stream of discussion. The question of tolerance following long-term administration was discussed in depth and the term "pseudotolerance" was introduced to describe the adaptation of the body's circulatory system to chronic vasodilation. This is especially important in long term prophylactic antiischemic treatment in stable, as well as in unstable angina pectoris (i.e. during increased vasomotor tone - spasm).

Author : P. Needleman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 364266024X
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4.45/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Organic Nitrates written by P. Needleman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitroglycerin and other organic nitrates have been used for over a century in the treatment of angina pectoris. Millions of patients, throughout the world, have placed nitroglycerin tablets under the tongue and have experienced rapid and dramatic relief from the chest pain that frequently occurs as a manifestation of disease of the coronary arteries. The empirical observation of the safe use of nitrates for tile alleviation of the symptoms of angina have led to their widespread medical acceptance. The use of organic nitrates preceded any knowledge of their mechanism of action or their ultimate metabolic fate. Thus, more simply stated, although sub lingual nitrates helped the patients, little was known concerning what these drugs do to the body or what the body does to the drugs. A substantial number of investigators have focused on these questions especially during the last two decades. We now have considerably more insight into the pathways of degradation of organic nitrates and the relationship of the metabolic processes to the biological action of these agents. Similarly, considerable effort has been expended in understanding the mechanism of action of these agents directly on vascular smooth muscle and on cardiac work and performance. Finally, there is a more substantive understanding of the physiology of the coronary circulation as well as the" pathophysiologic manifestations of myocardial disease.

Author : Henry Watts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 886 pages
Book Rating : 4.19/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences written by Henry Watts and published by . This book was released on 1877 with total page 886 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Henry Watts (F.C.S.)
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 834 pages
Book Rating : 4.24/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Dictionary of Chemistry and the Allied Branches of Other Sciences written by Henry Watts (F.C.S.) and published by . This book was released on 1877 with total page 834 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Henry Watts
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 828 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Dictionary of chemistry and the allied branches of other sciences v. 4, 1883 written by Henry Watts and published by . This book was released on 1883 with total page 828 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : M. Kaltenbach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642853234
Total Pages : 167 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Nitrates and Nitrate Tolerance in Angina Pectoris written by M. Kaltenbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although nitroglycerin is one of the oldest drugs in cardiology the problem of tolerance is a scientific challenge of today. The proceedings of this symposium highlight the most re cent questions related to this topic. Apparently, partial tolerance, or rather partial decrease in sensitivity, can arise during nitrate therapy. Probably this is the consequence of a partial readjustment of the vascular system. This readjustment refers particularly to the arterial system, i.e., to the hypoten sive effect of nitrates in the standing position. A similar effect on the venous side is not present. On the other hand, the results assembled in this volume confirm the experience of many decades that long-term antianginal therapy with nitrates remains effective even when high doses are applied. Thus partial tolerance which also occurs after other vasodilators such as prazosin, does not imply tolerance against antianginal effectiveness. From the information available to day it is reasonable to treat patients with angina pectoris acutely as well as chronically with nitrates in individually adjusted doses. Frankfurt, November 1982 M. Kaltenbach v Contents Foreword ... V Session 1-Pharmacology Tolerance from the Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Viewpoints N. Rietbrock, A. Lassmann, B.G. Woodcock ... 3 Does Tolerance Develop During Long-Acting Nitrate Therapy? A Critical Review J. Abrams ... 13 Pharmacokinetics of Isosorbide Dinitrate During Tolerance Development Ho-Leung Fung ... 25 Discussion ... . 29 ... Session II - Hemodynamics Lack of Tolerance Development to the Hemodynamic Effects of Nitrates in Patients with Chronic Congestive Heart Failure Joseph A. Franciosa ... 35 Discussion ... 41 ...

Author : Udho Thadani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461311357
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Nitrates Updated written by Udho Thadani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrates remain among the most commonly used therapeutic agents in cardiology. That they can re lieve pain in angina pectoris has been known at least since 1867, when Lauder Brunton described their clinical use. Now, almost 130 years later, we are constantly learning more about their optimal use in anginal syndromes. For example, there is no doubt that nitrate tolerance occurs, but equally no doubt that certain drug dosages help to attenuate such toler ance. Thus, our understanding of nitrate tolerance has been taken further by the advent of new nitrate preparations and by studies at a basic science level. The current intense interest in nitrates has been rekindled by the growing emphasis on the role of the endothelium in the production of nitric oxide, a basic cardiovascular regulator. If nitric oxide is vasodilator and protects the vascular endothelium, then nitrates should also have similar properties. Hence this book starts off with the role of the endothelium and ni trates in vasodilation. Next, the mechanisms of ac tion of nitrates are considered with emphasis on the role of cyclic GMP. The chief limitation to the use of nitrates lies in nitrate tolerance. After carefully looking at all the evidence, the authors of the third chapter conclude that the mechanism is likely to be multifactorial. The mechanism responsible for the tolerance still remains unknown. In vitro tolerance may be due to enhanced production of vascular superoxide [1].

Author : Roy Frederick Herrman
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 92 pages
Book Rating : 4.79/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Rate of Production of Nitrite by Alkaline Hydrolysis of Nitric Acid Esters and Its Relation to Their Power to Reduce Arterial Blood Pressure written by Roy Frederick Herrman and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Frederick Forchheimer
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 218 pages
Book Rating : 4.85/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Therapeusis of Internal Diseases written by Frederick Forchheimer and published by . This book was released on 1913 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : R. Calvet
Publisher : Editions Quae
ISBN 13 : 9782738002846
Total Pages : 584 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Nitrates, agriculture, eau written by R. Calvet and published by Editions Quae. This book was released on 1990 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The contributions of this symposium on the relation agriculture-nitrogen-water deal with the economical aspects (cost evaluation and cost repartition), the quantitative approach of the nitrogen biochemical cycle, farming systems and nitrogen manegement, and land utilization, nitrogen management and water quality