Natural Disaster Insurance For Sovereigns Issues Challenges And Optimality

Author : Aliona Cebotari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781513525891
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Natural Disaster Insurance for Sovereigns: Issues, Challenges and Optimality written by Aliona Cebotari and published by . This book was released on 2020-01-17 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural disasters are a source of economic risks in many countries, especially in smaller and lower-income states, and ex-ante preparedness is needed to manage the risks. The paper discusses sovereign experience with disaster insurance as a key instrument to mitigate the risks; proposes ways to judge the adequacy of insurance; and considers ways to enhance its use by vulnerable countries. The paper especially aims to inform policy decisions on disaster insurance. Through simulations of natural disasters and various insurance options, we find that sovereign decisions on optimal risk transfer involve balancing trade-offs between growth and debt, based on government risk preferences and country risk exposure. The choice of optimal insurance for smaller countries turns out to be more constrained by cost considerations due to their higher exposure, likely resulting in underinsurance; donor grants could help them achieve a more optimal protection. We also find that optimal insurance packages are those that are least costly relative to expected payouts (i.e. have the lowest insurance multiple), which are also the packages that insure less severe (more frequent) disasters.

Author : Francis Ghesquiere
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Download or read book Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries: A Paradigm Shift in Catastrophe Risk Financing written by Francis Ghesquiere and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2012 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic theory suggests that countries should ignore uncertainty for public investment and behave as if indifferent to risk because they can pool risks to a much greater extent than private investors can. This paper discusses the general economic theory in the case of developing countries. The analysis identifies several cases where the government's risk-neutral assumption does not hold, thus making rational the use of ex ante risk financing instruments, including sovereign insurance. The paper discusses the optimal level of sovereign insurance. It argues that, because sovereign insurance is usually more expensive than post-disaster financing, it should mainly cover immediate needs, while long-term expenditures should be financed through post-disaster financing (including ex post borrowing and tax increases). In other words, sovereign insurance should not aim at financing the long-term resource gap, but only the short-term liquidity need.

Author : Richard J. Roth, Sr.
Publisher : Joseph Henry Press
ISBN 13 : 0309063612
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Paying the Price written by Richard J. Roth, Sr. and published by Joseph Henry Press. This book was released on 1998-08-09 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book considers the effectiveness of insurance coverage for low-probability, high-consequence events such as natural disastersâ€"and how insurance programs can successfully be used with other policy tools, such as building codes and standards, to encourage effective loss reduction measures. The authors discuss the reasons for the dramatic increase in insured losses from natural disasters since 1989 and the concern that insurers have about their ability to provide coverage against more such events in the future. It addresses why there has been an increasing demand for hazards insurance, what types of coverage private insurers are willing to offer, and the role of reinsurance and private-/public-sector initiatives at the state and federal levels for providing protection to victims of natural disasters. Detailed case studies of the challenges facing Florida in the wake of Hurricane Andrew in 1992 and California following the Northridge earthquake in 1994 reveal the challenges facing the insurance industry as well as other concerned stakeholders. The National Flood Insurance Program illustrates how a public-/private-sector partnership can mitigate damages and provide financial protection to victims. The book identifies new initiatives for reducing future losses and providing funds for recovery through cooperation by the relevant parties.

Author : Jayshree Bose
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 344 pages
Book Rating : 4.82/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Catastrophe Insurance written by Jayshree Bose and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 344 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hurricanes, earthquakes, cyclones, tsunamis, volcanoes, floods, and forest fires today, the private insurance industry is grappling with the arcane New Generation Mega Disaster concept. This book explores catastrophe insurance in the context of the changi

Author : Olivier Mahul
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 26 pages
Book Rating : 4.67/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Sovereign Natural Disaster Insurance for Developing Countries written by Olivier Mahul and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 26 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economic theory suggests that countries should ignore uncertainty for public investment and behave as if indifferent to risk because they can pool risks to a much greater extent than private investors can. This paper discusses the general economic theory in the case of developing countries. The analysis identifies several cases where the government's risk-neutral assumption does not hold, thus making rational the use of ex ante risk financing instruments, including sovereign insurance. The paper discusses the optimal level of sovereign insurance. It argues that, because sovereign insurance is usually more expensive than post-disaster financing, it should mainly cover immediate needs, while long-term expenditures should be financed through post-disaster financing (including ex post borrowing and tax increases). In other words, sovereign insurance should not aim at financing the long-term resource gap, but only the short-term liquidity need.

Author : Martin F. Grace
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9781402074691
Total Pages : 166 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Catastrophe Insurance written by Martin F. Grace and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-06-30 with total page 166 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 1. THE PROBLEM OF CATASTROPHE RISK The risk of large losses from natural disasters in the U.S. has significantly increased in recent years, straining private insurance markets and creating troublesome problems for disaster-prone areas. The threat of mega-catastrophes resulting from intense hurricanes or earthquakes striking major population centers has dramatically altered the insurance environment. Estimates of probable maximum losses (PMLs) to insurers from a mega catastrophe striking the U.S. range up to $100 billion depending on the location and intensity of the event (Applied Insurance Research, 2001).1 A severe disaster could have a significant financial impact on the industry (Cummins, Doherty, and Lo, 2002; Insurance Services Office, 1996a). Estimates of industry gross losses from the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 range from $30 billion to $50 billion, and the attack's effect on insurance markets underscores the need to understand the dynamics of the supply of and the demand for insurance against extreme events, including natural disasters. Increased catastrophe risk poses difficult challenges for insurers, reinsurers, property owners and public officials (Kleindorfer and Kunreuther, 1999). The fundamental dilemma concerns insurers' ability to handle low-probability, high-consequence (LPHC) events, which generates a host of interrelated issues with respect to how the risk of such events are 1 These probable maximum loss (PML) estimates are based on a SOD-year "return" period.

Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Catastrophic Risks and Insurance written by and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume is the eighth of a series devoted to major policy issues in insurance, and sets out the proceedings of a conference, held in Paris in November 2004, to discuss options for dealing with losses caused by large-scale disasters. It contains a selection of papers and reports which focus on three key issues: the insurability of catastrophic risks; the extent to which financial markets can help address the risks of both natural disasters and terrorism; and the role of governments and public-private partnerships in the management of such risks.

Author : Paul K. Freeman
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.32/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Dealing with Increased Risk of Natural Disasters written by Paul K. Freeman and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2003-10 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural disaster risk is emerging as an increasingly important constraint on economic development and poverty reduction. This paper first sets out the key stylized facts in the area-that the costs of disaster have been increasing, seem set to continue to increase, and bear especially heavily on the poorest. It then reviews the key economic issues at stake, focusing in particular on the actual and prospective roles of, and interaction between, market instruments and public interventions in dealing with disaster risk. Key sources of market failure include the difficulty of risk spreading and, perhaps even more fundamental, the Samaritan's dilemma: the underinvestment in protective measures associated with the rational expectation that others will provide support if disaster occurs. Innovations addressing each of these are discussed.

Author : María Luisa Muñoz Paredes
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031137531
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.32/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Covid-19 and Insurance written by María Luisa Muñoz Paredes and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-01-10 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a novel study on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on insurance from an international and comparative perspective. It assesses how insurance has to adapt to a new landscape, the effects of which will last over time and cut across all areas of the field. To avoid physical contact, digitalisation has accelerated dramatically, affecting insurance in all its phases: risk selection, underwriting, pricing and claims settlement. However, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic go far beyond that. The extent to which a claim caused directly or indirectly by the virus is or is not covered by a given policy has been the subject of debate in many insurance branches. The most litigated cases worldwide are those that concern damages resulting from business interruption due to restrictions enforced by the authorities in virtually every country. This book analyses the rulings (for and against the insured) that have already been handed down by courts in various jurisdictions (for example in the US, Latin America, Spain and Germany), in order to provide guidance to the parties in future lawsuits and also to guide the courts’ own responses. This analysis extends to the measures that governments have taken in relation to insurance during the pandemic, as well as the changes that insurers have introduced in their general conditions to exclude coverage for the pandemic. This response is unsatisfactory, as the big question is how pandemic-related risks can be covered if private insurers simply refuse to do so. Solutions based on risk sharing with public entities or the use of contractual modalities such as parametric insurance are among those outlined by the authors. The book was written by experts from academia and lawyers specialising in this field, and written for all those interested in the field of insurance: lawyers, judges, academics and legal professionals.

Author : Mrs. Nina Budina
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 49 pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Why Some Don’t Belong—The Distributional Effects of Natural Disasters written by Mrs. Nina Budina and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2023-01-06 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When and how do natural disasters worsen within-country income inequality? We highlight the channels through which natural disasters may have distributional effects and empirically analyze when and which type of disasters affect inequality in advanced economies (AEs) and in emerging and developing economies (EMDEs). We find that in AEs inequality increases after severe disasters. We also find that inequality increases if severe disasters are associated with growth slowdowns or there are multiple disasters in a year in AEs and in EMDEs. Descriptive evidence for the US also suggests that adverse labor market effects of disasters are likely to fall on vulnerable groups.