Mountain Operations Field Manual

Author : United States Army
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781479237326
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.29/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Field Manual FM 3-97. 61 (TC 90-6-1) Military Mountaineering August 2002 written by United States Army and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-09-02 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountains exist in almost every country in the world and almost every war has included some type of mountain operations. This pattern will not change; therefore, soldiers will fight in mountainous terrain in future conflicts. Although mountain operations have not changed, several advancements in equipment and transportation have increased the soldiers? capabilities. The helicopter now allows access to terrain that was once unreachable or could be reached only by slow methodical climbing. Inclement weather, however, may place various restrictions on the capabilities of air assets available to a commander. The unit must then possess the necessary mountaineering skills to overcome adverse terrain to reach an objective. This field manual details techniques soldiers and leaders must know to cope with mountainous terrain. These techniques are the foundation upon which the mountaineer must build. They must be applied to the various situations encountered to include river crossings, glaciers, snow-covered mountains, ice climbing, rock climbing, and urban vertical environments. The degree to which this training is applied must be varied to conform to known enemy doctrine, tactics, and actions. This FM also discusses basic and advanced techniques to include acclimatization, illness and injury, equipment, anchors, evacuation, movement on glaciers, and training. This field manual is a training aid for use by qualified personnel in conjunction with FM 3-97.6, Mountain Operations, which is used for planning operations in mountainous terrain. Personnel using FM 3-97.61 should attend a recognized Department of Defense Mountain Warfare School for proper training. Improper use of techniques and procedures by untrained personnel may result in serious injury or death. Personnel should be certified as Level I, Basic Mountaineer; Level II, Assault Climber; or Level III, Mountain Leader before using FM 3-97.61 for training (see Appendix A).

Author : Department of the Army
Publisher : CreateSpace
ISBN 13 : 9781499303391
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Mountain Operations written by Department of the Army and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2014-04-29 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 3-97.6 describes the tactics, techniques, and procedures that the United States (US) Army uses to fight in mountainous regions. It is directly linked to doctrinal principles found in FM 3-0 and FM 3-100.40 and should be used in conjunction with them. It provides key information and considerations for commanders and staffs regarding how mountains affect personnel, equipment, and operations. It also assists them in planning, preparing, and executing operations, battles, and engagements in a mountainous environment. Army units do not routinely train for operations in a mountainous environment. Therefore, commanders and trainers at all levels should use this manual in conjunction with TC 90-6-1, Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) mission training plans, and the training principles in FM 7-0 and FM 7-10 when preparing to conduct operations in mountainous terrain.

Author : U. S. Department of the Army
Publisher : www.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK
ISBN 13 : 9781780391755
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Mountain Operations Field Manual written by U. S. Department of the Army and published by www.Militarybookshop.CompanyUK. This book was released on 2000-11-01 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Field Manual FM 3-97.6 describes the tactics, techniques, and procedures that the United States Army uses to fight in mountainous regions. It is directly linked to doctrinal principles found in FM 3-0 and FM 3-100.40 and should be used in conjunction with them. It provides key information and considerations for commanders and staffs regarding how mountains affect personnel, equipment, and operations. It also assists them in planning, preparing, and executing operations, battles, and engagements in a mountainous environment.

Author : Department of the Army
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781466479517
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.15/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Mountain Operations written by Department of the Army and published by . This book was released on 2000-11-28 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 3-97.6 describes the tactics, techniques, and procedures that the United States (US) Army uses to fight in mountainous regions. It is directly linked to doctrinal principles found in FM 3-0 and FM 3-100.40 and should be used in conjunction with them. It provides key information and considerations for commanders and staffs regarding how mountains affect personnel, equipment, and operations. It also assists them in planning, preparing, and executing operations, battles, and engagements in a mountainous environment. Army units do not routinely train for operations in a mountainous environment. Therefore, commanders and trainers at all levels should use this manual in conjunction with TC 90-6-1, Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) mission training plans, and the training principles in FM 7-0 and FM 7-10 when preparing to conduct operations in mountainous terrain.

Author : U. S. Department of Defense Staff
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781931828673
Total Pages : 118 pages
Book Rating : 4.79/5 ( download)

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Download or read book 21st Century U. S. Army Mountain Operations Field Manual written by U. S. Department of Defense Staff and published by . This book was released on 2002-04-01 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This U.S. Army field manual(FM 3-97.6) describes all aspects of operations in mountainous terrain ? the physical environment, weather, effects on personnel and equipment, reconnaissance and surveillance, firepower and force protection, maneuver, movement and mobility, offensive and defensive operations, the use of ?motti? tactics developed by the Finns, logistics and combat service support, and mountain illnesses and injuries. For historical perspective, there is a description of the 1987 Satukandav Pass battle in the Soviet-Afghan War, along with other informative battles. The introduction states: ?The US Army has a global area of responsibility and deploys to accomplish missions in both violent and nonviolent environments. The contemporary strategic environment and the scope of US commitment dictate that the US Army be prepared for a wide range of contingencies anywhere in the world, from the deserts of southwest Asia and the jungles of South America and southeast Asia to the Korean Peninsula and central and northern Europe. The multiplicity of possible missions makes the likelihood of US involvement in mountain operations extremely high. With approximately 38 percent of the world's landmass classified as mountains, the Army must be prepared to deter conflict, resist coercion, and defeat aggression in mountains as in other areas. Throughout the course of history, armies have been significantly affected by the requirement to fight in mountains. During the 1982 Falkland Islands (Malvinas) War, the first British soldier to set foot on enemy-held territory on the island of South Georgia did so on a glacier. A 3,000-meter (10,000-foot) peak crowns the island, and great glaciers descend from the mountain spine. In southwest Asia, the borders of Iraq, Iran, and Turkey come together in mountainous terrain with elevations of up to 3,000 meters (10,000 feet). Mountainous terrain influenced the outcome of many battles during the Iran-Iraq war of the 1980s. In the mountains of Kurdistan, small Kurdish formations took advantage of the terrain in an attempt to survive the Iraqi Army?s attempt to eliminate them. In the wake of the successful United Nations (UN) coalition effort against Iraq, US forces provided humanitarian assistance to Kurdish people suffering from the effects of the harsh mountain climate. Major mountain ranges, which are found in desert regions, jungles, and cold climate zones, present many challenges to military operations. Mountain operations may require special equipment, special training, and acclimatization. Historically, the focus of mountain operations has been to control the heights or passes. Changes in weaponry, equipment, and technology have not significantly shifted this focus. Commanders should understand a broad range of different requirements imposed by mountain terrain, including two key characteristics addressed in this manual: (1) the significant impact of severe environmental conditions on the capabilities of units and their equipment, and (2) the extreme difficulty of ground mobility in mountainous terrain.?

Author : Department Army
Publisher : Smashbooks
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Download or read book Mountain Operations (FM 3-97. 6) written by Department Army and published by Smashbooks. This book was released on 2012-10 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 3-97.6, "Mountain Operations," describes the tactics, techniques, and procedures that the United States (US) Army uses to fight in mountainous regions. It is directly linked to doctrinal principles found in FM 3-0 and FM 3-100.40 and should be used in conjunction with them. It provides key information and considerations for commanders and staffs regarding how mountains affect personnel, equipment, and operations. It also assists them in planning, preparing, and executing operations, battles, and engagements in a mountainous environment. Army units do not routinely train for operations in a mountainous environment. Therefore, commanders and trainers at all levels should use this manual in conjunction with TC 90-6-1, Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) mission training plans, and the training principles in FM 7-0 and FM 7-10 when preparing to conduct operations in mountainous terrain.

Author : United States Army
Publisher : Createspace Independent Pub
ISBN 13 : 9781479237203
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.05/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Field Manual FM 3-97. 6 (FM 90-6) Mountain Operations November 2000 written by United States Army and published by Createspace Independent Pub. This book was released on 2012-09-02 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 3-97.6 describes the tactics, techniques, and procedures that the United States (US) Army uses to fight in mountainous regions. It is directly linked to doctrinal principles found in FM 3-0 and FM 3-100.40 and should be used in conjunction with them. It provides key information and considerations for commanders and staffs regarding how mountains affect personnel, equipment, and operations. It also assists them in planning, preparing, and executing operations, battles, and engagements in a mountainous environment. Army units do not routinely train for operations in a mountainous environment. Therefore, commanders and trainers at all levels should use this manual in conjunction with TC 90-6-1, Army Training and Evaluation Program (ARTEP) mission training plans, and the training principles in FM 7-0 and FM 7-10 when preparing to conduct operations in mountainous terrain.

Author : Department of the Army
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781463628406
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Military Mountaineering written by Department of the Army and published by . This book was released on 2002-08-26 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountains exist in almost every country in the world and almost every war has included some type of mountain operations. This pattern will not change; therefore, soldiers will fight in mountainous terrain in future conflicts. Although mountain operations have not changed, several advancements in equipment and transportation have increased the soldiers' capabilities. The helicopter now allows access to terrain that was once unreachable or could be reached only by slow methodical climbing. Inclement weather, however, may place various restrictions on the capabilities of air assets available to a commander. The unit must then possess the necessary mountaineering skills to overcome adverse terrain to reach an objective. This field manual details techniques soldiers and leaders must know to cope with mountainous terrain. These techniques are the foundation upon which the mountaineer must build. They must be applied to the various situations encountered to include river crossings, glaciers, snow-covered mountains, ice climbing, rock climbing, and urban vertical environments. The degree to which this training is applied must be varied to conform to known enemy doctrine, tactics, and actions. This FM also discusses basic and advanced techniques to include acclimatization, illness and injury, equipment, anchors, evacuation, movement on glaciers, and training. This field manual is a training aid for use by qualified personnel in conjunction with FM 3-97.6, Mountain Operations, which is used for planning operations in mountainous terrain. Personnel using FM 3-97.61 should attend a recognized Department of Defense Mountain Warfare School for proper training. Improper use of techniques and procedures by untrained personnel may result in serious injury or death. Personnel should be certified as Level I, Basic Mountaineer; Level II, Assault Climber; or Level III, Mountain Leader before using FM 3-97.61 for training (see Appendix A). The measurements in this manual are stated as they are used in training (either metric or standard). Appendix B contains a measurement conversion chart for your convenience.Commanders must consider the effects terrain and weather will have on their operations, mainly on their troops and logistics efforts. Weather and terrain combine to challenge efforts in moving supplies to forward areas. Spring storms, which may deposit a foot of snow on dry roads, combined with unprepared vehicles create hazardous situations. Helicopters are a valuable asset for use in moving men and supplies, but commanders should not plan to use them as the only means of movement and resupply. Alternate methods must be planned due to the variability of weather. Units scheduled for deployment in mountainous terrain should become selfsufficient and train under various conditions. Commanders must be familiar with the restraints that the terrain can place on a unit.Operations in the mountains require soldiers to be physically fit and leaders to be experienced in operations in this terrain. Problems arise in moving men and transporting loads up and down steep and varied terrain in order to accomplish the mission. Chances for success in this environment are greater when a leader has experience operating under the same conditions as his men. Acclimatization, conditioning, and training are important factors in successful military mountaineering.

Author : U S Army
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book FM 3-97.61 Military Mountaineering written by U S Army and published by . This book was released on 2021-04-10 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mountains exist in almost every country in the world and almost every war has included some type of mountain operations. This pattern will not change; therefore, soldiers will fight in mountainous terrain in future conflicts. Although mountain operations have not changed, several advancements in equipment and transportation have increased the soldiers' capabilities. The helicopter now allows access to terrain that was once unreachable or could be reached only by slow methodical climbing. Inclement weather, however, may place various restrictions on the capabilities of air assets available to a commander. The unit must then possess the necessary mountaineering skills to overcome adverse terrain to reach an objective.

Author : U S Army
Publisher : Independently Published
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.13/5 ( download)

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Download or read book FM 3-97.6 Mountain Operations written by U S Army and published by Independently Published. This book was released on 2021-04-10 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: FM 3-97.6 describes the tactics, techniques, and procedures that the United States (US) Army uses to fight in mountainous regions. It is directly linked to doctrinal principles found in FM 3-0 and FM 3-100.40 and should be used in conjunction with them. It provides key information and considerations for commanders and staffs regarding how mountains affect personnel, equipment, and operations. It also assists them in planning, preparing, and executing operations, battles, and engagements in a mountainous environment.