Models Of Discovery

Author : Herbert A. Simon
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401095213
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.11/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Models of Discovery written by Herbert A. Simon and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We respect Herbert A. Simon as an established leader of empirical and logical analysis in the human sciences while we happily think of him as also the loner; of course he works with many colleagues but none can match him. He has been writing fruitfully and steadily for four decades in many fields, among them psychology, logic, decision theory, economics, computer science, management, production engineering, information and control theory, operations research, confirmation theory, and we must have omitted several. With all of them, he is at once the technical scientist and the philosophical critic and analyst. When writing of decisions and actions, he is at the interface of philosophy of science, decision theory, philosophy of the specific social sciences, and inventory theory (itself, for him, at the interface of economic theory, production engineering and information theory). When writing on causality, he is at the interface of methodology, metaphysics, logic and philosophy of physics, systems theory, and so on. Not that the interdisciplinary is his orthodoxy; we are delighted that he has chosen to include in this book both his early and little-appreciated treatment of straightforward philosophy of physics - the axioms of Newtonian mechanics, and also his fine papers on pure confirmation theory.

Author : Herbert A Simon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789401095228
Total Pages : 488 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Models of Discovery written by Herbert A Simon and published by . This book was released on 1979-02-28 with total page 488 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : L. Magnani
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461548136
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.33/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery written by L. Magnani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The volume is based on the papers that were presented at the Interna tional Conference Model-Based Reasoning in Scientific Discovery (MBR'98), held at the Collegio Ghislieri, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy, in December 1998. The papers explore how scientific thinking uses models and explanatory reasoning to produce creative changes in theories and concepts. The study of diagnostic, visual, spatial, analogical, and temporal rea soning has demonstrated that there are many ways of performing intelligent and creative reasoning that cannot be described with the help only of tradi tional notions of reasoning such as classical logic. Traditional accounts of scientific reasoning have restricted the notion of reasoning primarily to de ductive and inductive arguments. Understanding the contribution of model ing practices to discovery and conceptual change in science requires ex panding scientific reasoning to include complex forms of creative reasoning that are not always successful and can lead to incorrect solutions. The study of these heuristic ways of reasoning is situated at the crossroads of philoso phy, artificial intelligence, cognitive psychology, and logic; that is, at the heart of cognitive science. There are several key ingredients common to the various forms of model based reasoning to be considered in this book. The models are intended as in terpretations of target physical systems, processes, phenomena, or situations. The models are retrieved or constructed on the basis of potentially satisfying salient constraints of the target domain.

Author : Joke Meheus
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9048134218
Total Pages : 252 pages
Book Rating : 4.12/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Models of Discovery and Creativity written by Joke Meheus and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-08 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the origin of the modern sciences, our views on discovery and creativity had a remarkable history. Originally, discovery was seen as an integral part of methodology and the logic of discovery as algorithmic or nearly algorithmic. During the nineteenth century, conceptions in line with romanticism led to the famous opposition between the context of discovery and the context of justification, culminating in a view that banned discovery from methodology. The revival of the methodological investigation of discovery, which started some thirty years ago, derived its major impetus from historical and sociological studies of the sciences and from developments within cognitive psychology and artificial intelligence. Today, a large majority of philosophers of science agrees that the classical conception as well as the romantic conception are mistaken. Against the classical conception, it is generally accepted that truly novel discoveries are not the result of simply applying some standardized procedure. Against the romantic conception, it is rejected that discoveries are produced by unstructured flashes of insight. An especially important result of the contemporary study concerns the availability of (descriptive and normative) models for explaining discoveries and creative processes. Descriptive models mainly aim at explaining the origin of novel products; normative models moreover address the question how rational researchers should proceed when confronted with problems for which a standard procedure is missing. The present book provides an overview of these models and of the important changes they induced within methodology. As appears from several papers, the methodological study of discovery and creativity led to profound changes in our conceptions of justification and acceptance, of rationality, of scientific change, and of conceptual change. The book contains contributions from both historians and philosophers of science. All of them, however, are methodological in the contemporary sense of the term. The central values of this methodology are empirical accurateness, clarity and precision, and rationality. The different contributions realize these values by their interdisciplinary nature. Some philosophically oriented papers rely on historical case studies and results from the cognitive sciences, others on recent results from the computer sciences and/or non-standard logics. The historically oriented papers address central philosophical questions and hypotheses.

Author : Herbert Alexander Simon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.28/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Models of discovery and other topics in the methods of science written by Herbert Alexander Simon and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : J. Meheus
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789048134601
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Models of Discovery and Creativity written by J. Meheus and published by . This book was released on 2009-10-09 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : James Taylor
Publisher : Crowood
ISBN 13 : 1847976905
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.01/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Land Rover Discovery written by James Taylor and published by Crowood. This book was released on 2014-04-30 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quarter of a century ago, the Land Rover Discovery defined at a stroke how traditional 4 x 4 all-terrain ability could co-exist with family-estate practicality at an affordable price. Since 1989, the Discovery has gone through several iterations, but its essential qualities have remained unchanged. Practical, capable, and above all completely distinctive - the stepped roof seemed odd at first but now defines the Discovery shape - the Discovery has gone on to become one of Land Rover's best-loved products. Land Rover Discovery - 25 Years of the Family 4 x 4 looks in detail at the four generations of Discovery, including full specification details and production histories. Topics covered include the design and development of the original Discovery in the late 1980s, and the move into North America; the new 300Tdi engine and R380 gearbox of 1994, and the BMW takeover; Series II models of 1998-2004, and Land Rover's move from BMW to Ford; Discovery 3/'LR3' - 2004-2009, and the new TDV6 engine, developed by Jaguar; Discovery 4/'LR4' - the all-purpose family luxury car; special editions and derivatives of all four generations of Discovery, including Discoverys for the emergency services and the Camel Trophy and G4 Challenge competition vehicles. Superbly illustrated with 351 colour photographs.

Author : David F. Hendry
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262028352
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.56/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Empirical Model Discovery and Theory Evaluation written by David F. Hendry and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-07-03 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthesis of the authors' groundbreaking econometric research on automatic model selection, which uses powerful computational algorithms and theory evaluation. Economic models of empirical phenomena are developed for a variety of reasons, the most obvious of which is the numerical characterization of available evidence, in a suitably parsimonious form. Another is to test a theory, or evaluate it against the evidence; still another is to forecast future outcomes. Building such models involves a multitude of decisions, and the large number of features that need to be taken into account can overwhelm the researcher. Automatic model selection, which draws on recent advances in computation and search algorithms, can create, and then empirically investigate, a vastly wider range of possibilities than even the greatest expert. In this book, leading econometricians David Hendry and Jurgen Doornik report on their several decades of innovative research on automatic model selection. After introducing the principles of empirical model discovery and the role of model selection, Hendry and Doornik outline the stages of developing a viable model of a complicated evolving process. They discuss the discovery stages in detail, considering both the theory of model selection and the performance of several algorithms. They describe extensions to tackling outliers and multiple breaks, leading to the general case of more candidate variables than observations. Finally, they briefly consider selecting models specifically for forecasting.

Author : David F. Hendry
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262324423
Total Pages : 387 pages
Book Rating : 4.27/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Empirical Model Discovery and Theory Evaluation written by David F. Hendry and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2014-07-04 with total page 387 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A synthesis of the authors' groundbreaking econometric research on automatic model selection, which uses powerful computational algorithms and theory evaluation. Economic models of empirical phenomena are developed for a variety of reasons, the most obvious of which is the numerical characterization of available evidence, in a suitably parsimonious form. Another is to test a theory, or evaluate it against the evidence; still another is to forecast future outcomes. Building such models involves a multitude of decisions, and the large number of features that need to be taken into account can overwhelm the researcher. Automatic model selection, which draws on recent advances in computation and search algorithms, can create, and then empirically investigate, a vastly wider range of possibilities than even the greatest expert. In this book, leading econometricians David Hendry and Jurgen Doornik report on their several decades of innovative research on automatic model selection. After introducing the principles of empirical model discovery and the role of model selection, Hendry and Doornik outline the stages of developing a viable model of a complicated evolving process. They discuss the discovery stages in detail, considering both the theory of model selection and the performance of several algorithms. They describe extensions to tackling outliers and multiple breaks, leading to the general case of more candidate variables than observations. Finally, they briefly consider selecting models specifically for forecasting.

Author : James Taylor
Publisher : Motor Racing Publications
ISBN 13 : 9781899870400
Total Pages : 130 pages
Book Rating : 4.07/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Land Rover Discovery, 1989-1998 written by James Taylor and published by Motor Racing Publications. This book was released on 1999-11-18 with total page 130 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Discovery, the multi-purpose vehicle whose versatility has made it equally at home on urban streets as it is in off-road conditions. Liberally illustrated, this volume discusses and explains design and development; model features; accessories and equipment; production and sales history; off-road driving techniques; technical specs and more. Tailored to those looking to know precisely what is offered amongst today's many Discovery variants.