Minitel

Author : Julien Mailland
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262036223
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Minitel written by Julien Mailland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-06-23 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first scholarly book in English on Minitel, the pioneering French computer network, offers a history of a technical system and a cultural phenomenon. A decade before the Internet became a medium for the masses in the United States, tens of millions of users in France had access to a network for e-mail, e-commerce, chat, research, game playing, blogging, and even an early form of online porn. In 1983, the French government rolled out Minitel, a computer network that achieved widespread adoption in just a few years as the government distributed free terminals to every French telephone subscriber. With this volume, Julien Mailland and Kevin Driscoll offer the first scholarly book in English on Minitel, examining it as both a technical system and a cultural phenomenon. Mailland and Driscoll argue that Minitel was a technical marvel, a commercial success, and an ambitious social experiment. Other early networks may have introduced protocols and software standards that continue to be used today, but Minitel foretold the social effects of widespread telecomputing. They examine the unique balance of forces that enabled the growth of Minitel: public and private, open and closed, centralized and decentralized. Mailland and Driscoll describe Minitel's key technological components, novel online services, and thriving virtual communities. Despite the seemingly tight grip of the state, however, a lively Minitel culture emerged, characterized by spontaneity, imagination, and creativity. After three decades of continuous service, Minitel was shut down in 2012, but the history of Minitel should continue to inform our thinking about Internet policy, today and into the future.

Author : Julien Mailland
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262537753
Total Pages : 238 pages
Book Rating : 4.59/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Minitel written by Julien Mailland and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2017-06-30 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first scholarly book in English on Minitel, the pioneering French computer network, offers a history of a technical system and a cultural phenomenon. A decade before the Internet became a medium for the masses in the United States, tens of millions of users in France had access to a network for e-mail, e-commerce, chat, research, game playing, blogging, and even an early form of online porn. In 1983, the French government rolled out Minitel, a computer network that achieved widespread adoption in just a few years as the government distributed free terminals to every French telephone subscriber. With this volume, Julien Mailland and Kevin Driscoll offer the first scholarly book in English on Minitel, examining it as both a technical system and a cultural phenomenon. Mailland and Driscoll argue that Minitel was a technical marvel, a commercial success, and an ambitious social experiment. Other early networks may have introduced protocols and software standards that continue to be used today, but Minitel foretold the social effects of widespread telecomputing. They examine the unique balance of forces that enabled the growth of Minitel: public and private, open and closed, centralized and decentralized. Mailland and Driscoll describe Minitel's key technological components, novel online services, and thriving virtual communities. Despite the seemingly tight grip of the state, however, a lively Minitel culture emerged, characterized by spontaneity, imagination, and creativity. After three decades of continuous service, Minitel was shut down in 2012, but the history of Minitel should continue to inform our thinking about Internet policy, today and into the future.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 68 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Download or read book CIO written by and published by . This book was released on 1989-03 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Benn Steil
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400824877
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Technological Innovation and Economic Performance written by Benn Steil and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2021-07-13 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Information technology accounts for over one-third of recent U.S. GDP growth and nearly two-thirds of corporate capital investment. ''The New Economy'' appears omnipresent, but little is actually known about its workings. This seminal volume brings together the research and critical thinking of many of the world's top macro and micro economists to provide a unique, multifaceted perspective. Through the use of detailed, up-to-date country and industry studies, this book provides the most authoritative and detailed analysis ever assembled into the causes of technological innovation and its relationship to economic performance. The country studies cover the United States, Japan, Germany, France, the United Kingdom, and the Nordic states. Nine industry studies examine the Internet, computers and semiconductors, banking, securities trading, venture capital, energy, agricultural biotechnology, pharmaceutical biotechnology, and automobiles. Commissioned and brought together for the research project by the world-renowned Council on Foreign Relations, the authors have produced one of the most important compendia in applied economics to be published in recent times. The contributors are Charles Calomiris, Ian Domowitz, Robert Evenson, Charles Fine, Robert Gordon, Richard Langlois, Josh Lerner, Markku Malkamäki, Patrick Messerlin, Joel Mokyr, David Mowery, Richard R. Nelson, Stephen Nickell, Gary Pisano, Adam Posen, Daniel Raff, Horst Siebert, Timothy Simcoe, Benn Steil, Michael Stolpe, John Van Reenen, David Victor, and Matti Virén.

Author : Gunnar Trumbull
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 9780815796435
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Silicon and the State written by Gunnar Trumbull and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004-04-21 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1990s, French officials viewed with some concern the emerging and innovative high-technology sectors of the U.S. and British marketplace. Fearful of falling too far behind, the French government implemented a vast array of policies—from tax incentives for investing in risky high-tech start-ups to new standards for electronic signatures—designed to promote the commercialization of new economy technologies in France. The efforts have turned French innovation policy on its head. Traditional government and bank-financed research and development were replaced by private venture capital. Professionals in France's technical elite—long accustomed to a secure career track in prestigious laboratories and industrial conglomerates—began moving into risky entrepreneurial ventures. New technologies, once developed exclusively by France's national champions of the marketplace, such as Ariane, Airbus, and Renault, began to be commercialized by technology start-ups. Efforts to promote the new economy, however, have proved politically and socially contentious. Many French policymakers and public intellectuals fear that regulatory liberalization might threaten or undermine state sovereignty. Gunnar Trumbull investigates France's experience in adapting to the requirements of innovation in the new information and communications technology (ICT) sectors by focusing on events over a six-year period, from 1996 to 2002. This short stretch of time proved a crucible for French leaders and businesspeople: it saw dramatic efforts at regulatory reform; a boom in technology start-ups, venture capital, and initial public offerings; the spread of the Internet; and then a collapse in the Internet market, accompanied by a broader economic decline. The new challenges of the ICT revolution were confronted, and new policies and practices were tested and stressed. The author describes France's new technology policy as both boldly new and familiarly French. He commends the French state for continuing to play a central role in shaping France's new economy and argues that the new reforms actually reinforce the role and autonomy of the state. Acknowledging that the government's solutions have not been elegant, Trumbull asserts that they nonetheless offer a workable accommodation of French values to the requirements of competitiveness in the new economy sectors and provide a model for others. Silicon and the State provides important new insight into the way France has worked to reconcile its traditions of state engagement and social solidarity with the challenges the country faces from new economy technologies.

Author : Rob Cross
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195159500
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Networks in the Knowledge Economy written by Rob Cross and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-08-14 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In today's de-layered, knowledge-intensive organizations, most work of importance is heavily reliant on informal networks of employees within organizations. However, most organizations do not know how to effectively analyze this informal structure in ways that can have a positive impact on organizational performance. Networks in the Knowledge Economy is a collection of readings on the application of social network analysis to managerial concerns. Social network analysis (SNA), a set of analytic tools that can be used to map networks of relationships, allows one to conduct very powerful assessments of information sharing within a network with relatively little effort. This approach makes the invisible web of relationships between people visible, helping managers make informed decisions for improving both their own and their group's performance. Networks in the Knowledge Economy is specifically concerned with networks inside of organizations and addresses three critical areas in the study of social networks: Social Networks as Important Individual and Organizational Assets, Social Network Implications for Knowledge Creation and Sharing, and Managerial Implications of Social Networks in Organizations. Professionals and students alike will find this book especially valuable, as it provides readings on the application of social network analysis that reflect managerial concerns.

Author : Alan P. Zelicoff
Publisher : Amacom Books
ISBN 13 : 9780814428832
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Microbe written by Alan P. Zelicoff and published by Amacom Books. This book was released on 2005 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whether a virus is unintentionally released via our modern transportation system, or deliberately by terrorists, even a small scale biological event could have a profound effect on our society. Yet our current public health system is completely unprepared to detect and respond quickly enough to avert a disease related crisis.

Author : Michel Jambu
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080923674
Total Pages : 489 pages
Book Rating : 4.73/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Exploratory and Multivariate Data Analysis written by Michel Jambu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 1991-09-09 with total page 489 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With a useful index of notations at the beginning, this book explains and illustrates the theory and application of data analysis methods from univariate to multidimensional and how to learn and use them efficiently. This book is well illustrated and is a useful and well-documented review of the most important data analysis techniques. Describes, in detail, exploratory data analysis techniques from the univariate to the multivariate ones Features a complete description of correspondence analysis and factor analysis techniques as multidimensional statistical data analysis techniques, illustrated with concrete and understandable examples Includes a modern and up-to-date description of clustering algorithms with many properties which gives a new role of clustering in data analysis techniques

Author : RAJARAMAN, V.
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 8119364961
Total Pages : 514 pages
Book Rating : 4.61/5 ( download)

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Download or read book ANECDOTES FROM THE HISTORY OF MODERN COMPUTING written by RAJARAMAN, V. and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2024-06-01 with total page 514 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: John Mauchly, J. Presper Eckert, Jr., and their team built ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer) in 1946, the first modern stored-program electronic computer. They built it primarily to design weapons during the Second World War. Since then, computers have entered every facet of our daily life. Nowadays, we use computers extensively to process data in banks, government offices, and commercial establishments. We use them to book train tickets, airline tickets, and hotel rooms. They control systems such as satellites and moon landers in real-time. They create complex graphics and animation. They synthesize speech and music. They write essays and draw pictures. They control Robots. Publishers use them as tools. They are used to play video games. Many devices, such as audio and video tape recorders and film cameras, have died and been replaced by digital devices. They have eliminated many jobs, such as type-setters, and created new jobs, such as programmers, requiring better skills. It is fascinating to trace this history. This book recounts the history of modern computing as a sequence of seventy-two anecdotes, beginning with how engineers at the University of Pennsylvania built the modern stored program computer ENIAC in 1946 and ends with the story of the evolution of ChatGPT and Gemini, the generative large language model neural network released between 2022 and 2024 that give natural language answers to natural language questions, write essays, compose poems, and write computer programs. The anecdotes in this book are short. Each anecdote is between 1500 and 2500 words and recounts the story of an important invention in the evolution of modern computing and the people who innovated. There are seventy-two anecdotes in this book. The anecdotes cover the history of computer hardware, software, applications, computer communications, and artificial intelligence. The set of anecdotes on hardware systems describes, among others, the history of the evolution of computers, such as the IBM 701, CDC 6600, IBM 360 family, Digital Equipment Corporation's PDP series, Apple – the early personal computer, and Atlas – a pioneering British computer, IBM PC, Connection Machine, Cray series supercomputers, computing cluster Beowulf, IBM Roadrunner – the fastest and the most expensive ($ 600 million) computer in the World in 2022, Raspberry Pi – the cheapest ($35) computer. The group of anecdotes on software describes the evolution of Fortran, COBOL, BASIC, Compatible Time-shared systems, Unix, CP/M OS, MS-DOS, Project MAC, and open-source software movement, among others. Some anecdotes are on computer applications, such as Data Base Management Systems (DBMS), spreadsheets, cryptography, and Global Positioning Systems (GPS). The anecdotes on computer communications recount the evolution of computer communication networks, such as ALOHAnet, Ethernet, ARPANET, and the Internet, among others. The anecdotes on Artificial Intelligence (AI) start with "Who coined the word Artificial Intelligence?" and recounts early chess-playing programs, the evolution of neural networks, Expert Systems, and the history of chatbots and Robots. These anecdotes are similar to a short story collection. A reader may read them in any order. Each anecdote is self-contained, and readers may read the one that interests them. The language used in the book is simple, with no jargon. Anyone with a high school education can understand the material in this book. KEY FEATURES • The book recounts the history of modern computing as a series of 72 anecdotes • Each anecdote tells the story of an important event in the history of computing • Each anecdote describes an invention and those who invented • Each anecdote is self-contained and may be read in any order • Suitable for a general reader with a high school education TARGET AUDIENCE • Students Pursuing Computer Science & IT Courses • IT Professionals • 10+2 students

Author : Rommel Mendès-Leite
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560244363
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.64/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Gay Studies from the French Cultures written by Rommel Mendès-Leite and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 1993 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Now English-speaking readers can gain new access to valuable information on homosexuality and homosociality written by French-speaking scholars and researchers. Gay Studies From the French Cultures contains work taken from symposia held by the Research and Study Group on Homosociality and Homosexualities (GREH) in France over the past several years. GREH, founded by Mendès-Leite in 1986, is a forum and university network designed to open and enrich debate and interdisciplinary research on homosociality, homosexuality, and lesbianism. The chapters, all translated from their original French, represent a mosaic of scholars from Brazil, The Netherlands, Belgium, and Canada, as well as France, giving readers a broad perspective on the subject. Although authors share cultural roots and connections through GREH, the book contains a deliberate disparity of topics and points of view from French-speaking persons in the western hemisphere, seeking to heighten understanding through diversity. The book is divided into three parts: Theoretical Background, Lesbian History and Commentary, and Gay Male History and Commentary. Some of the various topics discussed include: theoretical background on sexualities and gender studies gay and lesbian history homosexuality and AIDS nineteenth century's French gay and lesbian history sociology of Brazilian homosexualities French-spoken Canadian history on sexualities historiographies An enlightening volume, Gay Studies From the French Cultures provides a bridge between English-language and Francophone research on homosexuality, increasing the knowledge, awareness, and understanding of a whole new group of readers.