Mano Dura

Author : Sonja Wolf
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477311661
Total Pages : 321 pages
Book Rating : 4.60/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Mano Dura written by Sonja Wolf and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2017-01-31 with total page 321 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1992, at the end of a twelve-year civil war, El Salvador was poised for a transition to democracy. Yet, after longstanding dominance by a small oligarchy that continually used violence to repress popular resistance, El Salvador’s democracy has proven to be a fragile one, as social ills (poverty chief among them) have given rise to neighborhoods where gang activity now thrives. Mano Dura examines the ways in which the ruling ARENA party used gang violence to solidify political power in the hands of the elite—culminating in draconian “iron fist” antigang policies that undermine human rights while ultimately doing little to address the roots of gang membership. Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork and policy analysis, Mano Dura examines the activities of three nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) that have advocated for more nuanced policies to eradicate gangs and the societal issues that are both a cause and an effect of gang proliferation. While other studies of street gangs have focused on relatively distant countries such as Colombia, Argentina, and Jamaica, Sonja Wolf’s research takes us to a country closer to the United States, where forced deportation has brought with it US gang culture. Charting the limited success of NGOs in influencing El Salvador’s security policies, the book brings to light key contextual aspects—including myopic media coverage and the ironic populist support for ARENA, despite the party’s protection of the elite at the expense of the greater society.

Author : Clare Ribando Seelke
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437927637
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Gangs in Central America written by Clare Ribando Seelke and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2010-05 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contents: (1) Background on Violent Crime; (2) Scope of the Gang Problem: Defining Gangs; Transnational Gangs; Factors Exacerbating the Gang Problem; Poverty and a Lack of Educ. and Employ. Opport.; Societal Stigmas; Role of the Media; Anti-Gang Law Enforce. Efforts; Prisons in Need of Reform; U.S. Deportations; (3) Country Anti-Gang Efforts: Mano Dura (Heavy-Handed) Anti-Gang Policies; Effects of Mano Dura Policies?; Alternative Approaches; Prospects for Country Prevention and Rehab. Efforts; Regional and Multilateral Efforts; OAS; Multilateral Develop. Banks and Donor Agencies; (4) U.S. Policy: Congressional Interest; U.S. Internat. Anti-Gang Efforts; State Dept.; Justice Dept.; USAID; Policy Approaches and Concerns.

Author : Marisol LeBrón
Publisher : University of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520300173
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.70/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Policing Life and Death written by Marisol LeBrón and published by University of California Press. This book was released on 2019-04-16 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In her exciting new book, Marisol LeBrón traces the rise of punitive governance in Puerto Rico over the course of the twentieth century and up to the present. Punitive governance emerged as a way for the Puerto Rican state to manage the deep and ongoing crises stemming from the archipelago’s incorporation into the United States as a colonial territory. A structuring component of everyday life for many Puerto Ricans, police power has reinforced social inequality and worsened conditions of vulnerability in marginalized communities. This book provides powerful examples of how Puerto Ricans negotiate and resist their subjection to increased levels of segregation, criminalization, discrimination, and harm. Policing Life and Death shows how Puerto Ricans are actively rejecting punitive solutions and working toward alternative understandings of safety and a more just future.

Author : Jay Albanese
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1483325024
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.26/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Transnational Organized Crime written by Jay Albanese and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2013-05-07 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unique text explores the expansive topic of transnational organized crime, incorporating expert perspectives found throughout the world’s six inhabited continents: North America, Central and South America, Europe, Africa, Asia, and Oceania. Editors Jay S. Albanese and Philip L. Reichel gather the knowledge and expertise of numerous authors, researchers, and practitioners in this field who are either native to each world region, have extensively travelled and worked there, or are recognized scholars for those regions. Through this text, readers will begin to understand the geographic, cultural, and regional similarities and differences underying the common threat of transnational organized crime, as well as how to address the global expansion of organized crime today.

Author : Jonathan D. Rosen
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1000901092
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.92/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Mano Dura Policies in Latin America written by Jonathan D. Rosen and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2023-06-30 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Leading scholars and policy analysts from around the Americas come together to untangle the factors that have fuelled the implementation of mano dura politics, their rising popularity, and impacts across nine widely heterogeneous countries in Latin America. Beginning with a discussion on the concept of mano dura, the editors move to survey various theoretical approaches to punitivism, and later review of the empirical research evaluating different drivers behind the adoption of tough on crime policies. Since hard-line initiatives often have consequences beyond the general goal of reducing violence, they then analyze the impacts of these policing strategies on crime rates and different democratic institutions. Country chapters on Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina follow a common thematic structure to answer the following questions: What are some of the trends in gangs, organized crime, and violence? How have governments responded to combat crime and violence? What factors have fuelled the implementation of mano dura policies? Why are mano dura policies popular? What have the consequences of these policies been? Mano Dura Policies in Latin America is essential reading to students of Latin American studies, political science, public policy, and criminal justice. It will also interest scholars working on drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in Latin America.

Author : Frank García
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 1477329439
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.36/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Clicas written by Frank García and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2024-07-23 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How Latina/o/x gang literature and film represent women and gay gang members’ challenges to gendered, sexual, racial, and class oppression. Clicas examines Latina/o/x literature and film by and/or about gay and women gang members. Through close readings of literature and film, Frank García reimagines the typical narratives describing gang membership and culture, amplifying and complicating critical gang studies in the social sciences and humanities and looking at gangs across racial, ethnic, and national identities. Analyzing how the autobiographical poetry of Ana Castillo presents gang fashion, culture, and violence to the outside world, the effects of women performing female masculinity in the novel Locas, and gay gang members’ experiences of community in the documentary Homeboy, García complicates the dialogue regarding hypermasculine gang cultures. He shows how they are accessible not only to straight men but also to women and gay men who can appropriate them in complicated ways, which can be harming and also, at times, emancipating. Reading gang members as (de)colonial agents who contest the power relations, inequalities, oppressions, and hierarchies of the United States, Clicas considers how women and gay gang members resist materially and psychologically within a milieu shaped by the intersection of race, gender, sexuality, and class.

Author : Jonathan D. Rosen
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1498593011
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.14/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Criminalization of States written by Jonathan D. Rosen and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2019-05-23 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume examines the relationship between states and organized crime. It seeks to add to the theoretical literature for analyzing the criminalization of the state. The volume also explores the nature of organized crime in countries throughout the Americas from Central America to the Southern Cone.

Author : Brian J. Bow
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 041551830X
Total Pages : 222 pages
Book Rating : 4.07/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The State and Security in Mexico written by Brian J. Bow and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013 with total page 222 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Internationally recognized experts from the academic and think-tank communities in the United States, Mexico, and Canada consider the origins of the current crisis in Mexico, and the nature and effectiveness of the Calderón government's response, through the lens of Joel Migdal's concept of "the state in society."

Author : Ainhoa Montoya
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 331976330X
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Violence of Democracy written by Ainhoa Montoya and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-05-12 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers novel insights about the ability of a democracy to accommodate violence. In El Salvador, the end of war has brought about a violent peace, one in which various forms of violence have become incorporated into Salvadorans’ imaginaries and enactments of democracy. Based on ethnographic research, The Violence of Democracy argues that war legacies and the country’s neoliberalization have enabled an intricate entanglement of violence and political life in postwar El Salvador. This volume explores various manifestations of this entanglement: the clandestine connections between violent entrepreneurs and political actors; the blurring of the licit and illicit through the consolidation of economies of violence; and the reenactment of latent wartime conflicts and political cleavages during postwar electoral seasons. The author also discusses the potential for grassroots memory work and a political party shift to foster hopeful visions of the future and, ultimately, to transform the country’s violent democracy.

Author : Murray Lee
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317311086
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Routledge International Handbook on Fear of Crime written by Murray Lee and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-12-01 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge International Handbook on Fear of Crime brings together original and international state of the art contributions of theoretical, empirical, policy-related scholarship on the intersection of perceptions of crime, victimisation, vulnerability and risk. This is timely as fear of crime has now been a focus of scholarly and policy interest for some fifty years and shows little sign of abating. Research on fear of crime is demonstrative of the inter-disciplinarity of criminology, drawing in the disciplines of sociology, psychology, political science, history, cultural studies, gender studies, planning and architecture, philosophy and human geography. This collection draws in many of these interdisciplinary themes. This collections also extends the boundaries of fear of crime research. It does this both methodologically and conceptually, but perhaps more importantly it moves us beyond some of the often repeated debates in this field to focus on novel topics from unique perspectives. The book begins by plotting the history of fear of crime’s development, then moves on to investigate the methodological and theoretical debates that have ensued and the policy transfer that occurred across jurisdictions. Key elements in debates and research on fear of crime concerning gender, race and ethnicity are covered, as are contemporary themes in fear of crime research, such as regulation, security, risk and the fear of terrorism, the mapping of fear of crime and fear of crime beyond urban landscapes. The final sections of the book explore geographies of fear and future and unique directions for this research.