Italian Weights And Measures From The Middle Ages To The Nineteenth Century

Author : Ronald Edward Zupko
Publisher : American Philosophical Society
ISBN 13 : 9780871691453
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.50/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Italian Weights and Measures from the Middle Ages to the Nineteenth Century written by Ronald Edward Zupko and published by American Philosophical Society. This book was released on 1981 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Unlike most metrological systems throughout W. Europe, the Italian developed during the Middle Ages (MA) & Early Modern era without any ref. to a commonly accepted set of nat.-ethnic standards. Italy, with its many kingdoms, duchies, communes, etc., was never able to attain any level of metrological standardization outside the confines of severely restricted, small, independent, political jurisdictions. Not until unification in 1871, were Italian weights & measures (W&M) given a totally nat. character. And it was the metric system, & not a conglomerate of units from the old, that finally accomplished the task. This book presents a quantitative compilation, synthesis, & analysis of the principal pre-metric W&M employed throughout Italy & in those areas controlled or influenced by Italy from the Later MA to the age of metrication in the later 19th cent. Tables.

Author : Edward Ronald Zupko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.81/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Italian Weights And Measures From The Middle Ages To The Nineteenth Century written by Edward Ronald Zupko and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Ronald Edward Zupko Zupko
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 339 pages
Book Rating : 4.99/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Italian Weights and Measures from the Middle Ages to the Ninethenth Century written by Ronald Edward Zupko Zupko and published by . This book was released on 1981 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : David A. King
Publisher : Franz Steiner Verlag
ISBN 13 : 9783515076401
Total Pages : 518 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Ciphers of the Monks written by David A. King and published by Franz Steiner Verlag. This book was released on 2001 with total page 518 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first comprehensive study of an ingenious number-notation from the Middle Ages that was devised by monks and mainly used in monasteries. A simple notation for representing any number up to 99 by a single cipher, somehow related to an ancient Greek shorthand, first appeared in early-13th-century England, brought from Athens by an English monk. A second, more useful version, due to Cistercian monks, is first attested in the late 13th century in what is today the border country between Belgium and France: with this any number up to 9999 can be represented by a single cipher. The ciphers were used in scriptoria - for the foliation of manuscripts, for writing year-numbers, preparing indexes and concordances, numbering sermons and the like, and outside the scriptoria - for marking the scales on an astronomical instrument, writing year-numbers in astronomical tables, and for incising volumes on wine-barrels. Related notations were used in medieval and Renaissance shorthands and coded scripts. This richly-illustrated book surveys the medieval manuscripts and Renaissance books in which the ciphers occur, and takes a close look at an intriguing astrolabe from 14th-century Picardy marked with ciphers. With Indices. "Mit Kings luzider Beschreibung und Bewertung der einzelnen Funde und ihrer Beziehungen wird zugleich die Forschungsgeschichte - die bis dato durch Widerspruechlichkeit und Diskontinuit�t gepr�gt ist - umfassend aufgearbeitet." Zeitschrift fuer Germanistik.

Author : Susan Mosher Stuard
Publisher : University of Pennsylvania Press
ISBN 13 : 0812205375
Total Pages : 340 pages
Book Rating : 4.74/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Gilding the Market written by Susan Mosher Stuard and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the fourteenth century, garish ornaments, bright colors, gilt, and military effects helped usher in the age of fashion in Italy. Over a short span of years important matters began to turn on the cut of a sleeve. Fashion influenced consumption and provided a stimulus that drove demand for goods and turned wealthy townspeople into enthusiastic consumers. Making wise decisions about the alarmingly expensive goods that composed a fashionable wardrobe became a matter of pressing concern, especially when the market caught on and became awash in cheaper editions of luxury wares. Focusing on the luxury trade in fashionable wear and accessories in Venice, Florence, and other towns in Italy, Gilding the Market investigates a major shift in patterns of consumption at the height of medieval prosperity, which, more remarkably, continued through the subsequent era of plague, return of plague, and increased warfare. A fine sensitivity to the demands of "le pompe," that is, the public display of private wealth, infected town life. The quest for luxuries affected markets by enlarging exchange activity and encouraging retail trades. As both consumers and tradesmen, local goldsmiths, long-distance traders, bankers, and money changers played important roles in creating this new age of fashion. In response to a greater public display of luxury goods, civic sumptuary laws were written to curb spending and extreme fashion, but these were aimed at women, youth, and children, leaving townsmen largely unrestricted in their consumption. With erudition, grace, and an evocative selection of illustrations, some reproduced in full color, Susan Mosher Stuard explores the arrival of fashion in European history.

Author : Joseph P. Byrne
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 843 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The World of Renaissance Italy [2 volumes] written by Joseph P. Byrne and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2017-06-22 with total page 843 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Students of the Italian Renaissance who wish to go beyond the standard names and subjects will find in this text abundant information on the lives, customs, beliefs, and practices of those who lived during this exciting time period. The World of Renaissance Italy: A Daily Life Encyclopedia engages all of the Italian peninsula from the Black Death (1347–1352) to 1600. Unlike other encyclopedic works about the Renaissance era, this book deals exclusively with Italy, revealing the ways common Italian people lived and experienced the events and technological developments that marked the Renaissance era. The coverage specifically spotlights marginal or traditionally marginalized groups, including women, homosexuals, Jews, the elderly, and foreign communities in Italian cities. The entries in this two-volume set are organized into 10 sections of 25 alphabetically listed entries each. Among the broad sections are art, fashion, family and gender, food and drink, housing and community, politics, recreation and social customs, and war. The "See Also" sources for each article are listed by section for easy reference, a feature that students and researchers will greatly appreciate. The extensive collection of contemporary documents include selections from a diary, letters, a travel journal, a merchant's inventory, Inquisition testimony, a metallurgical handbook, and text by an artist that describes what the author feels constitutes great work. Each of the primary source documents accompanies a specific article and provides an added dimension and degree of insight to the material.

Author : Federico Botana
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108853099
Total Pages : 673 pages
Book Rating : 4.95/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Learning through Images in the Italian Renaissance written by Federico Botana and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-07-02 with total page 673 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the affluent merchant class of fifteenth-century Florence, the education of future generations was a fundamental matter. Together with texts, images played an important role in the development of the young into adult citizens. In this book, Federico Botana demonstrates how illustrated manuscripts of vernacular texts read by the Florentine youth facilitated understanding and memorisation of basic principles and knowledge. They were an important means of acquiring skills then considered necessary to gain the respect of others, to prosper as merchants, and to participate in civic life. Botana focuses on illustrated texts that were widely read in Quattrocento Florence: the Fior di virtù (a moral treatise including a bestiary), the Esopo volgarizzato (Aesop's Fables in Tuscan), the Sfera by Goro Dati (a poem on cosmology and geography), and mathematical manuals known as libri d'abbaco. He elucidates, in light of original sources and medieval and modern cognitive theory, the mechanisms that empowered illustrations to transmit knowledge in the Italian Renaissance.

Author : Tess Knighton
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 9780520210813
Total Pages : 452 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Companion to Medieval and Renaissance Music written by Tess Knighton and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 1997 with total page 452 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With contributions from a range of internationally known early music scholars and performers, Tess Knighton and David Fallows provide a lively new survey of music and culture in Europe from the beginning of the Christian era to 1600. Fifty essays comment on the social, historical, theoretical, and performance contexts of the music and musicians of the period to offer fresh perspectives on musical styles, research sources, and performance practices of the medieval and Renaissance periods.

Author : David Hackett Fischer
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 9780195121216
Total Pages : 556 pages
Book Rating : 4.1X/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Great Wave written by David Hackett Fischer and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1999 with total page 556 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fischer has examined price records in many nations, and finds that great waves of rising prices in the 13th-, 16th-, 18th-, and 20th centuries were all marked by price swings of increasing volatility, falling wages, a growing gap between rich and poor, and an increase in violent crime, family disintegration, and cultural despair. 109 graphs & charts. 7 maps.

Author : G. A. Loud
Publisher : Boydell & Brewer
ISBN 13 : 1783276320
Total Pages : 454 pages
Book Rating : 4.25/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Social World of the Abbey of Cava, C. 1020-1300 written by G. A. Loud and published by Boydell & Brewer. This book was released on 2021 with total page 454 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A pioneering, comprehensive investigation into a major Italian monastery. The Benedictine abbey of Holy Trinity, Cava, has had a continuous existence since its foundation almost exactly a thousand years ago. From its modest beginnings, it developed during the late eleventh and early twelfth centuries into one of the wealthiest and most influential monasteries in southern Italy. This path-breaking study, based on many years research into the, largely unpublished, charters of Cava, begins by examining the growth of the abbey's congregation and property, and its struggle subsequently to defend its interests during the troubled thirteenth century. But, in addition, it uses the extensive evidence available to study its benefactors and dependents, administration and economy, and through this material to analyse the social and economic structures of the principality of Salerno. There is also a re-evaluation of the problem of forgery, practised on a large scale at Cava during the thirteenth century, a factor which has complicated and discouraged previous study of this important institution. A major advance both in the study of the south Italian Church and of the medieval Mezzogiorno during the central Middle Ages, the volume presents a vivid and detailed picture of local society and its workings, and of the families and individuals who had dealings with the abbey.