Ischemic Blood Flow In The Brain

Author : Marilyn J. Cipolla
Publisher : Biota Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1615047239
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Cerebral Circulation written by Marilyn J. Cipolla and published by Biota Publishing. This book was released on 2016-07-28 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This e-book will review special features of the cerebral circulation and how they contribute to the physiology of the brain. It describes structural and functional properties of the cerebral circulation that are unique to the brain, an organ with high metabolic demands and the need for tight water and ion homeostasis. Autoregulation is pronounced in the brain, with myogenic, metabolic and neurogenic mechanisms contributing to maintain relatively constant blood flow during both increases and decreases in pressure. In addition, unlike peripheral organs where the majority of vascular resistance resides in small arteries and arterioles, large extracranial and intracranial arteries contribute significantly to vascular resistance in the brain. The prominent role of large arteries in cerebrovascular resistance helps maintain blood flow and protect downstream vessels during changes in perfusion pressure. The cerebral endothelium is also unique in that its barrier properties are in some way more like epithelium than endothelium in the periphery. The cerebral endothelium, known as the blood-brain barrier, has specialized tight junctions that do not allow ions to pass freely and has very low hydraulic conductivity and transcellular transport. This special configuration modifies Starling's forces in the brain microcirculation such that ions retained in the vascular lumen oppose water movement due to hydrostatic pressure. Tight water regulation is necessary in the brain because it has limited capacity for expansion within the skull. Increased intracranial pressure due to vasogenic edema can cause severe neurologic complications and death.

Author : Y. Fukuuchi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 4431678999
Total Pages : 502 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Ischemic Blood Flow in the Brain written by Y. Fukuuchi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Because stroke is essentially a disease of the vessels and blood flow, the most fundamental aspects of ischemic blood flow in the brain are under investigation by researchers. Their work was the focus of the sixth in the series of Keio University International Symposia for Life Sciences and Medicine, held in Tokyo in 1999. Selected here are 55 papers from the symposium, covering the buffy coat (glycocalyx) of endothelial cells, the blood-brain barrier and permeability, gene expression, vascular reactivity, dysregulation, inflammatory deterioration, cortical spreading depression, edema, microvascular derangement, and pathology, in ten major sections. The book includes the thought-provoking discussions that followed the presentations, thus providing an invaluable source of up-to-date information not only for researchers investigating microcirculation but also for clinicians implementing the most effective treatment for stroke patients.

Author : Michael Pinsky
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642560369
Total Pages : 316 pages
Book Rating : 4.61/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Cerebral Blood Flow written by Michael Pinsky and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 316 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cerebral Blood Flow: Quantifying Consciousness Although the heart may be the source of energy needed to generate blood flow,and other organs absolutely essential for normal living,the brain is the reason we are alive. The collected book chapters are aimed at addressing this most fundamental organ and its blood flow. These papers reflect detailed descriptions of similar topics presented over a two-day period as part of the 5th International Symposium on Applied Physiology of the Peripheral Circulation held in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in June 2000. The symposium and this volume were organized into four distinct groupings that follow in a logical fashion. The initial papers focus on the basic unique physiology and pathophysiology of the cerebral circulation, including a historical reviewof the means to measure cerebral blood flow and its implications of the past 30 years. Dr. Walter D. Obrist was one of the original investigators to use radiolabeled markers to assess cerebral blood flow. His equations and initial studies form an impressive introduction to where we are now. As with much of the body's special organs, the brain too has many circulatory features unique to itself.These include the unique blood-brain barrier function ofthe endothelium, local neural regulation control, and intracranial pressure effects. These special issues,plus genetic factors that may predispose individuals to developing cere bral aneurysm, make up the initial section of the monograph.

Author : Louis R. Caplan
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447120736
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Brain Ischemia written by Louis R. Caplan and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Professor Caplan has extensively edited the book to shape and organize the contents into a succinct presentation by experts of the basic science and clinical aspects of the topic. The text has been divided into sections: The Brain.- Macroscopic and microscopic molecular aspects of brain ischemia, including pathophysiology, pathology, biochemistry, and clinical measurement.- Blood Vessels.- Their constitution and the pathology and physiology of the endothelium and arterial wall.- Blood Flow.- Its physics, control, rheology, and pathophysiology.- Blood.- The role of the cellular and serological constituents in coagulation and fibrinolysis. - Heart.- Sources of embolism and cardiac changes caused by brain ischemia.- And Epidemiology, Databases, and Trials. Prefatory remarks by Professor Caplan introduce each section. At the end of each section he relates the basic concepts to patient problems in the clinic, integrates the various contributions in the section, and covers other areas not discussed by the individual contributors.

Author : Brett E. Skolnick
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128041013
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.17/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Handbook of Neuroemergency Clinical Trials written by Brett E. Skolnick and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2017-11-13 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Neuroemergency Clinical Trials, Second Edition, focuses on the practice of clinical trials in acute neuroscience populations, or what have been called neuroemergencies. Neuroemergencies are complex, life-threatening diseases and disorders, often with devastating consequences, including death or disability. The overall costs are staggering in terms of annual incidence and costs associated with treatment and survival, yet despite their significance as public health issues, there are few drugs and devices available for definitive treatment. The book focuses on novel therapies and the unique challenges their intended targets pose for the design and analysis of clinical trials. This volume provides neurologists, neuroscientists, and drug developers with a more complete understanding of the scientific and medical issues of relevance in designing and initiating clinical development plans for novel drugs intended for acute neuroscience populations. The editors provide the best understanding of the pitfalls associated with acute CNS drug development and the best information on how to approach and solve issues that have plagued drug development. Presents a comprehensive overview on clinical trials and drug development challenges in acute neuroscience populations Provides neurologists, neuroscientists and drug developers with a complete understanding of scientific and medical issues related to designing clinical trials Edited by leaders in the field who have designed and managed over 50 neuroemergency clinical trials

Author : R. Gilberto González
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642127517
Total Pages : 299 pages
Book Rating : 4.19/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Acute Ischemic Stroke written by R. Gilberto González and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-05 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated second edition of Acute Ischemic Stroke: Imaging and Intervention provides a comprehensive account of the state of the art in the diagnosis and treatment of acute ischemic stroke. The basic format of the first edition has been retained, with sections on fundamentals such as pathophysiology and causes, imaging techniques and interventions. However, each chapter has been revised to reflect the important recent progress in advanced neuroimaging and the use of interventional tools. In addition, a new chapter is included on the classification instruments for ischemic stroke and their use in predicting outcomes and therapeutic triage. All of the authors are internationally recognized experts and members of the interdisciplinary stroke team at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. The text is supported by numerous informative illustrations, and ease of reference is ensured through the inclusion of suitable tables. This book will serve as a unique source of up-to-date information for neurologists, emergency physicians, radiologists and other health care providers who care for the patient with acute ischemic stroke.

Author : Arun Gupta
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316602524
Total Pages : 427 pages
Book Rating : 4.22/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Gupta and Gelb's Essentials of Neuroanesthesia and Neurointensive Care written by Arun Gupta and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-06-21 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second edition presents core clinical neuroanesthesia and neurointensive care knowledge in a practical, user-friendly format.

Author : Sarah T. Pendlebury
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521735122
Total Pages : 407 pages
Book Rating : 4.24/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Transient Ischemic Attack and Stroke written by Sarah T. Pendlebury and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-02-19 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Accessible handbook covering the investigation, diagnosis and management of transient ischemic attacks and minor strokes.

Author : Michael Brainin
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107047498
Total Pages : 425 pages
Book Rating : 4.95/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Textbook of Stroke Medicine written by Michael Brainin and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-09-11 with total page 425 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fully revised throughout, the new edition of this concise textbook is aimed at doctors preparing to specialize in stroke care.

Author : Eugene I. Gusev
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441992480
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.82/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Brain Ischemia written by Eugene I. Gusev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-06-28 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ischemia is localized tissue anemia due to obstruction of the inflow of arterial blood, thus brain ischemia is the condition where insufficient blood is delivered to the brain. Many physiological processes occurring in the brain critically depend on the state of its energy metabolism. The state of brain energy metabolism in turn depends on the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain via the bloodstream. Although it comprises only 2% of the total body weight, the human brain consumes 20-25% of the oxygen and up to 70% of the free glucose taken in by the body. The brain respires more intensively than any other organ of the body. The intensity of oxygen consumption by cortical brain tissue much exceeds the demands of other tissues (5.43 mmol 02/g per h versus 3.06 and 4.02 mmol for heart at rest and intensively working, respectively, 2.4 mmol for kidneys, and 1.8 mmol for liver). Oxidative phosphorylation in mitochondria generates 95% of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) that is formed in the brain. Thus, it is clear why insufficiency of oxygen delivery to brain cells adversely affects brain function. Glucose is the main energy-providing substrate in the brain. The basic pathway of its metabolism in neural tissue is aerobic glycolysis.