Intraspecific Genetic Diversity

Author : Yuri Petrovich Altukhov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3540309632
Total Pages : 445 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Intraspecific Genetic Diversity written by Yuri Petrovich Altukhov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-01-16 with total page 445 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population and evolutionary genetics have been quickly developing ?elds of biological research over the past decades. This book compiles our current understanding of genetic processes in natural populations. In addition, the book provides the author’s original ideas and concepts based on the data obtained by himself and his close coworkers. The author introduces his pioneering concept of population genetic stability,and much of thebook is concerned with the factors and conditions of such stability. Why does genetic stability matter so much? Altukhov argues that the sustainable use of natural resources, including genetic resources of popu- tions, critically depends on the maintenance of their stability. The preser- tion of well-adapted genetic characteristics from one generation to the next is essential for this stability. Traditionally, population genetics has been - cusedonevolution andthe role of evolutionary factorsinshapinggenetic structures of populations. While the idea of a population as a dynamic unit of evolution has been widely accepted, the signi?cance of genetic stability and its implications for the long-term survival of populations and species have not been fully appreciated.

Author : Yuri Petrovich Altukhov
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9783540809678
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Intraspecific Genetic Diversity written by Yuri Petrovich Altukhov and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-09-02 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population and evolutionary genetics have been quickly developing ?elds of biological research over the past decades. This book compiles our current understanding of genetic processes in natural populations. In addition, the book provides the author’s original ideas and concepts based on the data obtained by himself and his close coworkers. The author introduces his pioneering concept of population genetic stability,and much of thebook is concerned with the factors and conditions of such stability. Why does genetic stability matter so much? Altukhov argues that the sustainable use of natural resources, including genetic resources of popu- tions, critically depends on the maintenance of their stability. The preser- tion of well-adapted genetic characteristics from one generation to the next is essential for this stability. Traditionally, population genetics has been - cusedonevolution andthe role of evolutionary factorsinshapinggenetic structures of populations. While the idea of a population as a dynamic unit of evolution has been widely accepted, the signi?cance of genetic stability and its implications for the long-term survival of populations and species have not been fully appreciated.

Author : Yuri Petrovich Altukhov
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9783540254904
Total Pages : 464 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Intraspecific Genetic Diversity written by Yuri Petrovich Altukhov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2005-11-24 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Population and evolutionary genetics have been quickly developing ?elds of biological research over the past decades. This book compiles our current understanding of genetic processes in natural populations. In addition, the book provides the author’s original ideas and concepts based on the data obtained by himself and his close coworkers. The author introduces his pioneering concept of population genetic stability,and much of thebook is concerned with the factors and conditions of such stability. Why does genetic stability matter so much? Altukhov argues that the sustainable use of natural resources, including genetic resources of popu- tions, critically depends on the maintenance of their stability. The preser- tion of well-adapted genetic characteristics from one generation to the next is essential for this stability. Traditionally, population genetics has been - cusedonevolution andthe role of evolutionary factorsinshapinggenetic structures of populations. While the idea of a population as a dynamic unit of evolution has been widely accepted, the signi?cance of genetic stability and its implications for the long-term survival of populations and species have not been fully appreciated.

Author : Katie Millette
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.07/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Human Effects on Intraspecific Genetic Diversity written by Katie Millette and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Intraspecific genetic diversity allows species to adapt and evolve in response to environmental disruptions and novel stressors. As the frequency and severity of environmental disturbances increases, species may be eroded of their evolutionary potential and unable to keep pace with their changing world. The complexity of the processes affecting intraspecific genetic diversity across spatial scales compromises our ability to predict how the patterns observed in nature translate to future evolutionary outcomes. Measuring and observing patterns of intraspecific genetic diversity contributes to our understanding of the extent to which we are affecting the resilience and future adaptability of populations.In this thesis, I extend research on what is known about patterns in intraspecific genetic diversity in the laboratory and nature, using a combination of experimental, field, and data surveys. First, I conducted a laboratory experiment to determine the mechanistic process(es) maintaining diversity in populations with divergent amounts of initial genetic diversity. I found that an initial high input of genetic diversity does not result in a proportional maintenance of genetic diversity. The composition of genotypic diversity shifted significantly to few genotypes, suggesting competition within populations may eliminate supplemental genetic diversity in populations and that the window for establishing local population genetic structure can be exceptionally short. I then conducted a population genetic survey of Daphnia from lakes across a landscape of variable environmental disturbance. My prediction of eroded intraspecific genetic diversity was upheld in some populations, except for the most polluted, which maintained high genetic diversity as a result of hybridization and introgression of closely related ecological species. This indicates that stressed habitats can have selective effects on genotypic structure but can also break pre-existing ecological barriers and facilitate habitat transitions. I then extend my assessment to the global scale, to evaluate how human land use and population density affect trends in intraspecific diversity in species of birds, fish, mammals, and insects worldwide. I show that human impacts on mitochondrial intraspecific genetic diversity changes with species and spatial scale, indicating that in the taxa assessed there is no global monotonic net effect of humans. The results indicate that some species experienced an increase, while other species experienced a decrease in genetic diversity over the period 1980-2016. Divergent effects of humans on the ecological processes governing population genetic structure, brief timespans in monitoring, as well as species-specific life history traits likely underlie the globally inconsistent effect of humans on animal intraspecific genetic diversity. My thesis demonstrates the dynamic nature of intraspecific genetic diversity in response to biological and anthropogenic conditions. These findings support the conservation strategy of preserving genetic variation within species and the management of populations from diverse environments as a solution to the elevated extinction risk of species"--

Author : Mahmut Caliskan
Publisher : BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN 13 : 9535100939
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.35/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals written by Mahmut Caliskan and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2012-02-29 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals includes chapters revealing the magnitude of genetic variation existing in animal populations. The genetic diversity between and within populations displayed by molecular markers receive extensive interest due to the usefulness of this information in breeding and conservation programs. In this concept molecular markers give valuable information. The increasing availability of PCR-based molecular markers allows the detailed analyses and evaluation of genetic diversity in animals and also, the detection of genes influencing economically important traits. The purpose of the book is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic variation in animals by presenting the thoughts of scientists who are engaged in the generation of new idea and techniques employed for the assessment of genetic diversity, often from very different perspectives. The book should prove useful to students, researchers, and experts in the area of conservation biology, genetic diversity, and molecular biology.

Author : Mahmut Caliskan
Publisher : IntechOpen
ISBN 13 : 9789535100935
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals written by Mahmut Caliskan and published by IntechOpen. This book was released on 2012-02-29 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analysis of Genetic Variation in Animals includes chapters revealing the magnitude of genetic variation existing in animal populations. The genetic diversity between and within populations displayed by molecular markers receive extensive interest due to the usefulness of this information in breeding and conservation programs. In this concept molecular markers give valuable information. The increasing availability of PCR-based molecular markers allows the detailed analyses and evaluation of genetic diversity in animals and also, the detection of genes influencing economically important traits. The purpose of the book is to provide a glimpse into the dynamic process of genetic variation in animals by presenting the thoughts of scientists who are engaged in the generation of new idea and techniques employed for the assessment of genetic diversity, often from very different perspectives. The book should prove useful to students, researchers, and experts in the area of conservation biology, genetic diversity, and molecular biology.

Author : Francesco de Bello
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108472915
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.13/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Handbook of Trait-Based Ecology written by Francesco de Bello and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-11 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trait-based ecology is rapidly expanding. This comprehensive and accessible guide covers the main concepts and tools in functional ecology.

Author : Mei-Chen Tseng
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Interspecific and Intraspecific Genetic Diversity of Thunnus Species written by Mei-Chen Tseng and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interspecific and Intraspecific Genetic Diversity of Thunnus Species.

Author : Deepa Ashok Agashe
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 160 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Consequences of Intraspecific Genetic Variation for Population Dynamics and Niche Expansion written by Deepa Ashok Agashe and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Intraspecific genetic diversity is an important attribute of natural populations and is deemed critical for their adaptive potential and persistence. However, we have limited empirical understanding of the impact of genetic diversity on population performance under different conditions. For my dissertation, I conducted long-term laboratory experiments with populations of the flour beetle Tribolium castaneum to test the consequences of genetic variation for population dynamic stability and niche evolution. In Chapter 1, I show that genetic variation prevented population extinction in a novel habitat. In addition, genetically diverse populations were more stable, both in a novel heterogeneous habitat and in their ancestral habitat. In the ancestral habitat, alleles from a single founding lineage dominated the dynamics, leading to increased stability of genetically diverse populations. However, such as selective effect was not observed in the novel heterogeneous habitat. Therefore, while genetic variation within populations increased their stability and persistence, the magnitude of the impact and its mechanism depended on the selective habitat. In Chapter 2, I ask whether genetic variation also facilitates resource niche expansion, i.e., use of a novel resource. Using stable carbon isotopes, I analyzed diets of beetles sampled from the above experiment and quantified the rate of change in resource use. Contrary to theoretical predictions, I found that genetic variation for resource use had no effect on the rate of niche evolution. Furthermore, behavioral niche expansion accounted for most of the adaptation to the novel resource, and the behavioral change hindered subsequent evolutionary change in resource use. It is thus apparent that in the short term, behavioral plasticity in niche use may impose far greater constraints on niche evolution than the amount of standing genetic variation. Mathematical models predict that intraspecific competition generates selection for niche evolution, and that genetic variation increases the response to selection. Therefore, I hypothesized that the impact of genetic variation on resource niche evolution may depend on the degree of intraspecific competition. In the final chapter of this thesis, I describe results of an experiment to test this hypothesis. I found that genetic variation and competition indeed interacted to increase the rate of niche expansion in T. castaneum, but that their impacts were temporally variable. Furthermore, the two factors acted on different components of niche evolution: while competition only affected the degree of niche expansion, genetic variation also promoted maintenance of individual variation in resource use. In summary, my thesis describes experiments to test for the ecological and evolutionary impacts of intraspecific genetic variation; and its interaction with behavioral plasticity, intraspecific competition, and resource availability. Genetic diversity and behavioral plasticity are common features of living organisms, and therefore it is vital to understand their combined consequences for population ecological and evolutionary dynamics. In addition, natural populations often face intense competition for limited resources. Hence the experimental results presented here can help us to better understand how populations overcome these resource constraints, given their specific genetic composition. Biologists are increasingly aware that the intricate connection between ecological and evolutionary dynamics is important to gain a more complete understanding of population biology. The work described here represents one of the few experiments providing such detailed mechanistic understanding of the interactions between- and consequences of - key ecological and evolutionary parameters. Finally, the results have important implications for conservation biology, because they show that the effects of genetic diversity can vary greatly depending on a number of population and environmental parameters.

Author : David Pfennig
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520954041
Total Pages : 319 pages
Book Rating : 4.45/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Evolution's Wedge written by David Pfennig and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 319 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary biology has long sought to explain how new traits and new species arise. Darwin maintained that competition is key to understanding this biodiversity and held that selection acting to minimize competition causes competitors to become increasingly different, thereby promoting new traits and new species. Despite Darwin’s emphasis, competition’s role in diversification remains controversial and largely underappreciated. In their synthetic and provocative book, evolutionary ecologists David and Karin Pfennig explore competition's role in generating and maintaining biodiversity. The authors discuss how selection can lessen resource competition or costly reproductive interactions by promoting trait evolution through a process known as character displacement. They further describe character displacement’s underlying genetic and developmental mechanisms. The authors then consider character displacement’s myriad downstream effects, ranging from shaping ecological communities to promoting new traits and new species and even fueling large-scale evolutionary trends. Drawing on numerous studies from natural populations, and written for a broad audience, Evolution’s Wedge seeks to inspire future research into character displacement’s many implications for ecology and evolution.