Inevitable Randomness In Discrete Mathematics

Author : J—zsef Beck
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821847562
Total Pages : 267 pages
Book Rating : 4.65/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Inevitable Randomness in Discrete Mathematics written by J—zsef Beck and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2009-09-01 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Mathematics has been called the science of order. The subject is remarkably good for generalizing specific cases to create abstract theories. However, mathematics has little to say when faced with highly complex systems, where disorder reigns. This disorder can be found in pure mathematical arenas, such as the distribution of primes, the $3n+1$ conjecture, and class field theory. The purpose of this book is to provide examples--and rigorous proofs--of the complexity law: (1) discrete systems are either simple or they exhibit advanced pseudorandomness; (2) a priori probabilities often exist even when there is no intrinsic symmetry. Part of the difficulty in achieving this purpose is in trying to clarify these vague statements. The examples turn out to be fascinating instances of deep or mysterious results in number theory and combinatorics. This book considers randomness and complexity. The traditional approach to complexity--computational complexity theory--is to study very general complexity classes, such as P, NP and PSPACE. What Beck does is very different: he studies interesting concrete systems, which can give new insights into the mystery of complexity. The book is divided into three parts. Part A is mostly an essay on the big picture. Part B is partly new results and partly a survey of real game theory. Part C contains new results about graph games, supporting the main conjecture. To make it accessible to a wide audience, the book is mostly self-contained.

Author : József Beck
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319107410
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.17/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Probabilistic Diophantine Approximation written by József Beck and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-06 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive treatment of random phenomena and distribution results in diophantine approximation, with a particular emphasis on quadratic irrationals. It covers classical material on the subject as well as many new results developed by the author over the past decade. A range of ideas from other areas of mathematics are brought to bear with surprising connections to topics such as formulae for class numbers, special values of L-functions, and Dedekind sums. Care is taken to elaborate difficult proofs by motivating major steps and accompanying them with background explanations, enabling the reader to learn the theory and relevant techniques. Written by one of the acknowledged experts in the field, Probabilistic Diophantine Approximation is presented in a clear and informal style with sufficient detail to appeal to both advanced students and researchers in number theory.

Author : David Aldous
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461207193
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Random Discrete Structures written by David Aldous and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The articles in this volume present the state of the art in a variety of areas of discrete probability, including random walks on finite and infinite graphs, random trees, renewal sequences, Stein's method for normal approximation and Kohonen-type self-organizing maps. This volume also focuses on discrete probability and its connections with the theory of algorithms. Classical topics in discrete mathematics are represented as are expositions that condense and make readable some recent work on Markov chains, potential theory and the second moment method. This volume is suitable for mathematicians and students.

Author : Dan Hefetz
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3034808259
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Positional Games written by Dan Hefetz and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-06-13 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text is based on a lecture course given by the authors in the framework of Oberwolfach Seminars at the Mathematisches Forschungsinstitut Oberwolfach in May, 2013. It is intended to serve as a thorough introduction to the rapidly developing field of positional games. This area constitutes an important branch of combinatorics, whose aim it is to systematically develop an extensive mathematical basis for a variety of two player perfect information games. These ranges from such popular games as Tic-Tac-Toe and Hex to purely abstract games played on graphs and hypergraphs. The subject of positional games is strongly related to several other branches of combinatorics such as Ramsey theory, extremal graph and set theory, and the probabilistic method. These notes cover a variety of topics in positional games, including both classical results and recent important developments. They are presented in an accessible way and are accompanied by exercises of varying difficulty, helping the reader to better understand the theory. The text will benefit both researchers and graduate students in combinatorics and adjacent fields.

Author : David Fernández-Baca
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3642293441
Total Pages : 685 pages
Book Rating : 4.43/5 ( download)

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Download or read book LATIN 2012: Theoretical Informatics written by David Fernández-Baca and published by Springer. This book was released on 2012-04-10 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book constitutes the proceedings of the 10th Latin American Symposium on Theoretical Informatics, LATIN 2012, held in Arequipa, Peru, in April 2012. The 55 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 153 submissions. The papers address a variety of topics in theoretical computer science with a certain focus on algorithms, automata theory and formal languages, coding theory and data compression, algorithmic graph theory and combinatorics, complexity theory, computational algebra, computational biology, computational geometry, computational number theory, cryptography, theoretical aspects of databases and information retrieval, data structures, networks, logic in computer science, machine learning, mathematical programming, parallel and distributed computing, pattern matching, quantum computing and random structures.

Author : Gregory J. Chaitin
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1447103076
Total Pages : 164 pages
Book Rating : 4.73/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Exploring RANDOMNESS written by Gregory J. Chaitin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This essential companion to Chaitin's successful books The Unknowable and The Limits of Mathematics, presents the technical core of his theory of program-size complexity. The two previous volumes are more concerned with applications to meta-mathematics. LISP is used to present the key algorithms and to enable computer users to interact with the authors proofs and discover for themselves how they work. The LISP code for this book is available at the author's Web site together with a Java applet LISP interpreter. "No one has looked deeper and farther into the abyss of randomness and its role in mathematics than Greg Chaitin. This book tells you everything hes seen. Don miss it." John Casti, Santa Fe Institute, Author of Goedel: A Life of Logic.'

Author : William Chen
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319046969
Total Pages : 708 pages
Book Rating : 4.69/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Panorama of Discrepancy Theory written by William Chen and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-10-07 with total page 708 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first work on Discrepancy Theory to show the present variety of points of view and applications covering the areas Classical and Geometric Discrepancy Theory, Combinatorial Discrepancy Theory and Applications and Constructions. It consists of several chapters, written by experts in their respective fields and focusing on the different aspects of the theory. Discrepancy theory concerns the problem of replacing a continuous object with a discrete sampling and is currently located at the crossroads of number theory, combinatorics, Fourier analysis, algorithms and complexity, probability theory and numerical analysis. This book presents an invitation to researchers and students to explore the different methods and is meant to motivate interdisciplinary research.

Author : Marian Aprodu
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821849646
Total Pages : 138 pages
Book Rating : 4.44/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Koszul Cohomology and Algebraic Geometry written by Marian Aprodu and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2010 with total page 138 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The systematic use of Koszul cohomology computations in algebraic geometry can be traced back to the foundational work of Mark Green in the 1980s. Green connected classical results concerning the ideal of a projective variety with vanishing theorems for Koszul cohomology. Green and Lazarsfeld also stated two conjectures that relate the Koszul cohomology of algebraic curves with the existence of special divisors on the curve. These conjectures became an important guideline for future research. In the intervening years, there has been a growing interaction between Koszul cohomology and algebraic geometry. Green and Voisin applied Koszul cohomology to a number of Hodge-theoretic problems, with remarkable success. More recently, Voisin achieved a breakthrough by proving Green's conjecture for general curves; soon afterwards, the Green-Lazarsfeld conjecture for general curves was proved as well. This book is primarily concerned with applications of Koszul cohomology to algebraic geometry, with an emphasis on syzygies of complex projective curves. The authors' main goal is to present Voisin's proof of the generic Green conjecture, and subsequent refinements. They discuss the geometric aspects of the theory and a number of concrete applications of Koszul cohomology to problems in algebraic geometry, including applications to Hodge theory and to the geometry of the moduli space of curves.

Author : Aleksandr I︠A︡kovlevich Khelemskiĭ
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 082185254X
Total Pages : 264 pages
Book Rating : 4.45/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Quantum Functional Analysis written by Aleksandr I︠A︡kovlevich Khelemskiĭ and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2010 with total page 264 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Interpreting ""quantized coefficients"" as finite rank operators in a fixed Hilbert space allows the author to replace matrix computations with algebraic techniques of module theory and tensor products, thus achieving a more invariant approach to the subject.

Author : Frank Sottile
Publisher : American Mathematical Soc.
ISBN 13 : 0821853317
Total Pages : 214 pages
Book Rating : 4.13/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Real Solutions to Equations from Geometry written by Frank Sottile and published by American Mathematical Soc.. This book was released on 2011-08-31 with total page 214 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding, finding, or even deciding on the existence of real solutions to a system of equations is a difficult problem with many applications outside of mathematics. While it is hopeless to expect much in general, we know a surprising amount about these questions for systems which possess additional structure often coming from geometry. This book focuses on equations from toric varieties and Grassmannians. Not only is much known about these, but such equations are common in applications. There are three main themes: upper bounds on the number of real solutions, lower bounds on the number of real solutions, and geometric problems that can have all solutions be real. The book begins with an overview, giving background on real solutions to univariate polynomials and the geometry of sparse polynomial systems. The first half of the book concludes with fewnomial upper bounds and with lower bounds to sparse polynomial systems. The second half of the book begins by sampling some geometric problems for which all solutions can be real, before devoting the last five chapters to the Shapiro Conjecture, in which the relevant polynomial systems have only real solutions.