Genetic Toxicology Of Complex Mixtures

Author : Michael D. Waters
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1468458507
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.03/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures written by Michael D. Waters and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-13 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contained in this volume are the proceedings of the international conference on the "Genetic Toxicology of Complex Mixtures," held from July 4-7, 1989, in Washington, DC. This meeting was a satellite of the "Fifth International Conference on Environmental Mutagens" and the seventh in a biennial series of conferences on "Short-term Bioassays in the Analysis of Complex Environmental Mixtures. " Our central objective in calling together key researchers from around the world was to extend our knowledge of the application of the methods of genetic toxicology and analytical chemistry in the evaluation of chemical mixtures as they exist in the environment. This conference emphasized the study of genotoxicants in air and water, and the assessment of human exposure and cancer risk. The latest strategies and methodologies for biomonitoring of genotoxicants (including transformation products) were described in the context of the ambient environment. Source character ization and source apportionment were discussed as an aid to understand ing the origin and relative contribution of various kinds of complex mix tures to the ambient environment. Similarly, investigations of genotoxi cants found in the indoor environment (sidestream cigarette smoke) and in drinking water (chlorohydroxyfuranones) were given special attention in terms of their potential health impacts. New molecular techniques were described to enable more precise quantitation of internal dose and dose to-target tissues. The emphasis of presentations on exposures/effects assessment was on integrated quantitative evaluation of human exposure and potential health effects.

Author : Albert P. Li
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780849388156
Total Pages : 508 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Genetic Toxicology written by Albert P. Li and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1991-03-27 with total page 508 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Toxicology is a comprehensive book covering the historical perspective of genetic toxicology; basic mechanisms of mutations and chromosomal effects; health consequences of genetic damage, including cancer and inheritable mutations; properties of physical, chemical, and biological mutagens; risk assessment of human exposure to genotoxicants; and the current position of some government regulatory agencies in the United States on the issues of genetic toxicology. The book will be a useful reference for students and researchers in toxicology, genetics, cancer biology, and medicine who are interested in the basic and applied principles of genetic toxicology. It will also benefit industrial toxicologists, products registration specialists, and government regulatory specialists with responsibility for the safety evaluation of industrial and environmental agents.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Genotoxicity of Complex Mixtures written by and published by . This book was released on 1985 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309178894
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Applications of Toxicogenomic Technologies to Predictive Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-11-19 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The new field of toxicogenomics presents a potentially powerful set of tools to better understand the health effects of exposures to toxicants in the environment. At the request of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, the National Research Council assembled a committee to identify the benefits of toxicogenomics, the challenges to achieving them, and potential approaches to overcoming such challenges. The report concludes that realizing the potential of toxicogenomics to improve public health decisions will require a concerted effort to generate data, make use of existing data, and study data in new waysâ€"an effort requiring funding, interagency coordination, and data management strategies.

Author : Annika Margaret Gillespie
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.50/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Environmental Toxicity of Complex Chemical Mixtures written by Annika Margaret Gillespie and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex chemical mixtures may be released into the environment from a variety of sources including hazardous waste sites. Components of chemical mixtures and their metabolites may be genotoxic leading to cancer and heritable gene mutations. Chemical analysis alone does not always provide the most accurate information from which to estimate the risk of adverse effects associated with exposure to mixtures. Current methods to estimate the human health risk for complex mixtures assume additive effects of the components. Although it is assumed that this approach is protective of human and ecological health, it is also recognized that chemical mixtures may induce a variety of interactions including potentiation, synergism, and antagonism. A combined testing protocol, using chemical analysis coupled with a battery of in vitro, in vivo, and in situ bioassays, provides the most accurate information from which to estimate risk. Such a combined testing protocol provides information to describe the major organic and inorganic constituents, as well as the pharmacokinetics and potential interactions of chemical mixtures. This research was conducted to investigate the potential genotoxic effects of complex chemical mixtures of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated aromatics (PCA) using microbial bioassays (Salmonella/microsome assay and the E. coli prophage induction assay), the 32P-postlabeling assay in mice, and in situ measurements of genotoxicity using flow cytometry. Samples of environmental media and wildlife tissues were collected from four National Priority List Superfund sites within the United States. In general, chemical analysis was not always predictive of mixture toxicity. Although biodegradation reduced the concentration of total and carcinogenic PAHs in soils and groundwater, the genotoxicity of extracts from environmental media did not display a corresponding reduction. Mixtures of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) extracted from sediments were found to inhibit the genotoxicity of PAH mixtures when administered dermally to rodents. This inhibition exhibited a dose-response relationship, with the adduct frequency reduced at increasing doses of sediment extract. Finally, PAH concentrations in environmental media and tissues were found to correlate with DNA damage in wildlife receptors. An integrated approach, combining in vitro and in vivo methods to characterize genotoxicity provides more accurate information from which to estimate uptake and risk associated with exposure to complex mixtures and should be considered in both the human and ecological risk assessment process.

Author : Cornelis A. M. van Gestel
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439830096
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.93/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Mixture Toxicity written by Cornelis A. M. van Gestel and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2016-04-19 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last decade and a half, great progress has been made in the development of concepts and models for mixture toxicity, both in human and environmental toxicology. However, due to their different protection goals, developments have often progressed in parallel but with little integration. Arguably the first book to clearly link ecotoxicology an

Author : Melanie Bergmann
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319165100
Total Pages : 447 pages
Book Rating : 4.03/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Marine Anthropogenic Litter written by Melanie Bergmann and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-01 with total page 447 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how man-made litter, primarily plastic, has spread into the remotest parts of the oceans and covers all aspects of this pollution problem from the impacts on wildlife and human health to socio-economic and political issues. Marine litter is a prime threat to marine wildlife, habitats and food webs worldwide. The book illustrates how advanced technologies from deep-sea research, microbiology and mathematic modelling as well as classic beach litter counts by volunteers contributed to the broad awareness of marine litter as a problem of global significance. The authors summarise more than five decades of marine litter research, which receives growing attention after the recent discovery of great oceanic garbage patches and the ubiquity of microscopic plastic particles in marine organisms and habitats. In 16 chapters, authors from all over the world have created a universal view on the diverse field of marine litter pollution, the biological impacts, dedicated research activities, and the various national and international legislative efforts to combat this environmental problem. They recommend future research directions necessary for a comprehensive understanding of this environmental issue and the development of efficient management strategies. This book addresses scientists, and it provides a solid knowledge base for policy makers, NGOs, and the broader public.

Author : Tracie Denise Phillips
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.20/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Genotoxicity of Complex Chemical Mixtures written by Tracie Denise Phillips and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Complex chemical mixtures are ubiquitous in the environment. Humans are frequently exposed to these mixtures; therefore, it is important to understand potential interactions of chemical mixtures. Mixture interactions may influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of the components of a complex mixture. The research conducted for this dissertation has coupled chemical fractionation with in vitro and in vivo bioassays to assess the potential carcinogenic risk of complex mixtures. A non-aqueous phase liquid from a wood treatment plant was separated into acid (AF), base (BF) and neutral fractions (NF). The NF was further enriched using column chromatography to produce a polychlorinated dinbenzo-p-dioxin (PCDD) and a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) fraction. The genotoxicity of these mixtures were assessed via analytical quantification, in vitro (Salmonella microsome and E. coli prophage induction) and in vivo (32P-postlabeling) bioassays. The NF was further tested to measure bulky DNA adducts and induction of tumor formation. The AF contained the highest level of pentachlorophenol and the highest concentration of total PAHs. Although the carcinogenic PAHs were highest in the PCDD fraction, the highest concentrations of benzo(a)pyrene (BAP), indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene and dibenz(a, h)anthracene were detected in the PAH fraction. A positive genotoxic response in Salmonella was induced by the crude extract, the PAH and BF, whereas the AF and BF induced a positive response in the E. coli assay. In vivo, the PAH fraction induced the highest DNA adduct frequencies in the lung. The NF, reconstituted mixture (RM) (which includes equivalent concentrations of seven carcinogenic PAHs in the NF), BAP and the NF amended with BAP (NF+BAP) were all tested in an infant mouse model. At the highest dose, after a 24 hr exposure, NF+BAP had the highest total DNA adducts measured in liver which was three to seven times higher than with other treatments. Adduct levels were comparable to the control after 280 days. The highest incidence of tumors was observed in the liver. At the high dose, NF+BAP elicited the highest incidence of tumors. The results of this research confirm previous studies and indicate that the carcinogenic potential of PAH mixtures may be greater than predicted by chemical analysis.

Author : Ray Proudlock
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128010061
Total Pages : 458 pages
Book Rating : 4.68/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Genetic Toxicology Testing written by Ray Proudlock and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-05-28 with total page 458 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Genetic Toxicology Testing: A Laboratory Manual presents a practical guide to genetic toxicology testing of chemicals in a GLP environment. The most commonly used assays are described, from laboratory and test design to results analysis. In a methodical manner, individual test methods are described step-by-step, along with equipment, suggested suppliers, recipes for reagents, and evaluation criteria. An invaluable resource in the lab, this book will help to troubleshoot any assay problems you may encounter to optimise quality and efficiency in your genetic toxicology tests. Genetic Toxicology Testing: A Laboratory Manual is an essential reference for those new to the genetic toxicology laboratory, or anyone involved in setting up their own. Offers practical and consistent guidance on the most commonly-performed tests and procedures in a genetic toxicology lab Describes standard genetic toxicology assays, their methodology, reagents, suppliers, and analysis of their results Includes guidance on general approaches: formulation for in vitro assays, study monitoring, and Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) Serves as an essential reference for those new to the genetic toxicology laboratory, or anyone involved in setting up their own lab

Author : Lars Nylund
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9789518020267
Total Pages : 78 pages
Book Rating : 4.64/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Applicability of Bacterial Short-term Tests in the Assessment of Genetic Toxicity of Complex Mixtures written by Lars Nylund and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 78 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: