General Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures

Author : Tor M. Aamodt
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031017595
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.99/5 ( download)

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Download or read book General-Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures written by Tor M. Aamodt and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-05-31 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally developed to support video games, graphics processor units (GPUs) are now increasingly used for general-purpose (non-graphics) applications ranging from machine learning to mining of cryptographic currencies. GPUs can achieve improved performance and efficiency versus central processing units (CPUs) by dedicating a larger fraction of hardware resources to computation. In addition, their general-purpose programmability makes contemporary GPUs appealing to software developers in comparison to domain-specific accelerators. This book provides an introduction to those interested in studying the architecture of GPUs that support general-purpose computing. It collects together information currently only found among a wide range of disparate sources. The authors led development of the GPGPU-Sim simulator widely used in academic research on GPU architectures. The first chapter of this book describes the basic hardware structure of GPUs and provides a brief overview of their history. Chapter 2 provides a summary of GPU programming models relevant to the rest of the book. Chapter 3 explores the architecture of GPU compute cores. Chapter 4 explores the architecture of the GPU memory system. After describing the architecture of existing systems, Chapters 3 and 4 provide an overview of related research. Chapter 5 summarizes cross-cutting research impacting both the compute core and memory system. This book should provide a valuable resource for those wishing to understand the architecture of graphics processor units (GPUs) used for acceleration of general-purpose applications and to those who want to obtain an introduction to the rapidly growing body of research exploring how to improve the architecture of these GPUs.

Author : Tor M. Aamodt
Publisher : Synthesis Lectures on Computer
ISBN 13 : 9781681733586
Total Pages : 140 pages
Book Rating : 4.87/5 ( download)

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Download or read book General-Purpose Graphics Processor Architectures written by Tor M. Aamodt and published by Synthesis Lectures on Computer. This book was released on 2018-05-21 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Originally developed to support video games, graphics processor units (GPUs) are now increasingly used for general-purpose (non-graphics) applications ranging from machine learning to mining of cryptographic currencies. GPUs can achieve improved performance and efficiency versus central processing units (CPUs) by dedicating a larger fraction of hardware resources to computation. In addition, their general-purpose programmability makes contemporary GPUs appealing to software developers in comparison to domain-specific accelerators. This book provides an introduction to those interested in studying the architecture of GPUs that support general-purpose computing. It collects together information currently only found among a wide range of disparate sources. The authors led development of the GPGPU-Sim simulator widely used in academic research on GPU architectures. The first chapter of this book describes the basic hardware structure of GPUs and provides a brief overview of their history. Chapter 2 provides a summary of GPU programming models relevant to the rest of the book. Chapter 3 explores the architecture of GPU compute cores. Chapter 4 explores the architecture of the GPU memory system. After describing the architecture of existing systems, Chapters \ref{ch03} and \ref{ch04} provide an overview of related research. Chapter 5 summarizes cross-cutting research impacting both the compute core and memory system. This book should provide a valuable resource for those wishing to understand the architecture of graphics processor units (GPUs) used for acceleration of general-purpose applications and to those who want to obtain an introduction to the rapidly growing body of research exploring how to improve the architecture of these GPUs.

Author : Hyesoon Kim
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1608459551
Total Pages : 98 pages
Book Rating : 4.51/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Performance Analysis and Tuning for General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPU) written by Hyesoon Kim and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2012-11-01 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General-purpose graphics processing units (GPGPU) have emerged as an important class of shared memory parallel processing architectures, with widespread deployment in every computer class from high-end supercomputers to embedded mobile platforms. Relative to more traditional multicore systems of today, GPGPUs have distinctly higher degrees of hardware multithreading (hundreds of hardware thread contexts vs. tens), a return to wide vector units (several tens vs. 1-10), memory architectures that deliver higher peak memory bandwidth (hundreds of gigabytes per second vs. tens), and smaller caches/scratchpad memories (less than 1 megabyte vs. 1-10 megabytes). In this book, we provide a high-level overview of current GPGPU architectures and programming models. We review the principles that are used in previous shared memory parallel platforms, focusing on recent results in both the theory and practice of parallel algorithms, and suggest a connection to GPGPU platforms. We aim to provide hints to architects about understanding algorithm aspect to GPGPU. We also provide detailed performance analysis and guide optimizations from high-level algorithms to low-level instruction level optimizations. As a case study, we use n-body particle simulations known as the fast multipole method (FMM) as an example. We also briefly survey the state-of-the-art in GPU performance analysis tools and techniques. Table of Contents: GPU Design, Programming, and Trends / Performance Principles / From Principles to Practice: Analysis and Tuning / Using Detailed Performance Analysis to Guide Optimization

Author : Matt Pharr
Publisher : Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN 13 : 9780321335593
Total Pages : 814 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book GPU Gems 2 written by Matt Pharr and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2005 with total page 814 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: More useful techniques, tips, and tricks for harnessing the power of the new generation of powerful GPUs.

Author : Fouad Sabry
Publisher : One Billion Knowledgeable
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 430 pages
Book Rating : 4.79/5 ( download)

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Download or read book General Purpose Computing On Graphics Processing Units written by Fouad Sabry and published by One Billion Knowledgeable. This book was released on 2022-07-10 with total page 430 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What Is General Purpose Computing On Graphics Processing Units The term "general-purpose computing on graphics processing units" (also known as "general-purpose computing on GPUs") refers to the practice of employing a graphics processing unit (GPU), which ordinarily performs computation only for the purpose of computer graphics, to carry out computation in programs that are typically performed by the central processing unit (CPU). The already parallel nature of graphics processing may be further parallelized by using numerous video cards in a single computer or a large number of graphics processors. How You Will Benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: General-purpose computing on graphics processing units Chapter 2: Supercomputer Chapter 3: Flynn's taxonomy Chapter 4: Graphics processing unit Chapter 5: Physics processing unit Chapter 6: Hardware acceleration Chapter 7: Stream processing Chapter 8: BrookGPU Chapter 9: CUDA Chapter 10: Close to Metal Chapter 11: Larrabee (microarchitecture) Chapter 12: AMD FireStream Chapter 13: OpenCL Chapter 14: OptiX Chapter 15: Fermi (microarchitecture) Chapter 16: Pascal (microarchitecture) Chapter 17: Single instruction, multiple threads Chapter 18: Multidimensional DSP with GPU Acceleration Chapter 19: Compute kernel Chapter 20: AI accelerator Chapter 21: ROCm (II) Answering the public top questions about general purpose computing on graphics processing units. (III) Real world examples for the usage of general purpose computing on graphics processing units in many fields. (IV) 17 appendices to explain, briefly, 266 emerging technologies in each industry to have 360-degree full understanding of general purpose computing on graphics processing units' technologies. Who This Book Is For Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of general purpose computing on graphics processing units.

Author : Jason Sanders
Publisher : Addison-Wesley Professional
ISBN 13 : 0132180138
Total Pages : 523 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book CUDA by Example written by Jason Sanders and published by Addison-Wesley Professional. This book was released on 2010-07-19 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CUDA is a computing architecture designed to facilitate the development of parallel programs. In conjunction with a comprehensive software platform, the CUDA Architecture enables programmers to draw on the immense power of graphics processing units (GPUs) when building high-performance applications. GPUs, of course, have long been available for demanding graphics and game applications. CUDA now brings this valuable resource to programmers working on applications in other domains, including science, engineering, and finance. No knowledge of graphics programming is required—just the ability to program in a modestly extended version of C. CUDA by Example, written by two senior members of the CUDA software platform team, shows programmers how to employ this new technology. The authors introduce each area of CUDA development through working examples. After a concise introduction to the CUDA platform and architecture, as well as a quick-start guide to CUDA C, the book details the techniques and trade-offs associated with each key CUDA feature. You’ll discover when to use each CUDA C extension and how to write CUDA software that delivers truly outstanding performance. Major topics covered include Parallel programming Thread cooperation Constant memory and events Texture memory Graphics interoperability Atomics Streams CUDA C on multiple GPUs Advanced atomics Additional CUDA resources All the CUDA software tools you’ll need are freely available for download from NVIDIA. http://developer.nvidia.com/object/cuda-by-example.html

Author : David B. Kirk
Publisher : Newnes
ISBN 13 : 0123914183
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.87/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Programming Massively Parallel Processors written by David B. Kirk and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Programming Massively Parallel Processors: A Hands-on Approach, Second Edition, teaches students how to program massively parallel processors. It offers a detailed discussion of various techniques for constructing parallel programs. Case studies are used to demonstrate the development process, which begins with computational thinking and ends with effective and efficient parallel programs. This guide shows both student and professional alike the basic concepts of parallel programming and GPU architecture. Topics of performance, floating-point format, parallel patterns, and dynamic parallelism are covered in depth. This revised edition contains more parallel programming examples, commonly-used libraries such as Thrust, and explanations of the latest tools. It also provides new coverage of CUDA 5.0, improved performance, enhanced development tools, increased hardware support, and more; increased coverage of related technology, OpenCL and new material on algorithm patterns, GPU clusters, host programming, and data parallelism; and two new case studies (on MRI reconstruction and molecular visualization) that explore the latest applications of CUDA and GPUs for scientific research and high-performance computing. This book should be a valuable resource for advanced students, software engineers, programmers, and hardware engineers. New coverage of CUDA 5.0, improved performance, enhanced development tools, increased hardware support, and more Increased coverage of related technology, OpenCL and new material on algorithm patterns, GPU clusters, host programming, and data parallelism Two new case studies (on MRI reconstruction and molecular visualization) explore the latest applications of CUDA and GPUs for scientific research and high-performance computing

Author : Albert Chun-Chen Liu
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119810477
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Artificial Intelligence Hardware Design written by Albert Chun-Chen Liu and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-23 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HARDWARE DESIGN Learn foundational and advanced topics in Neural Processing Unit design with real-world examples from leading voices in the field In Artificial Intelligence Hardware Design: Challenges and Solutions, distinguished researchers and authors Drs. Albert Chun Chen Liu and Oscar Ming Kin Law deliver a rigorous and practical treatment of the design applications of specific circuits and systems for accelerating neural network processing. Beginning with a discussion and explanation of neural networks and their developmental history, the book goes on to describe parallel architectures, streaming graphs for massive parallel computation, and convolution optimization. The authors offer readers an illustration of in-memory computation through Georgia Tech’s Neurocube and Stanford’s Tetris accelerator using the Hybrid Memory Cube, as well as near-memory architecture through the embedded eDRAM of the Institute of Computing Technology, the Chinese Academy of Science, and other institutions. Readers will also find a discussion of 3D neural processing techniques to support multiple layer neural networks, as well as information like: A thorough introduction to neural networks and neural network development history, as well as Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models Explorations of various parallel architectures, including the Intel CPU, Nvidia GPU, Google TPU, and Microsoft NPU, emphasizing hardware and software integration for performance improvement Discussions of streaming graph for massive parallel computation with the Blaize GSP and Graphcore IPU An examination of how to optimize convolution with UCLA Deep Convolutional Neural Network accelerator filter decomposition Perfect for hardware and software engineers and firmware developers, Artificial Intelligence Hardware Design is an indispensable resource for anyone working with Neural Processing Units in either a hardware or software capacity.

Author : Scott Rixner
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9780792375456
Total Pages : 144 pages
Book Rating : 4.59/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Stream Processor Architecture written by Scott Rixner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2001-10-31 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Media processing applications, such as three-dimensional graphics, video compression, and image processing, currently demand 10-100 billion operations per second of sustained computation. Fortunately, hundreds of arithmetic units can easily fit on a modestly sized 1cm2 chip in modern VLSI. The challenge is to provide these arithmetic units with enough data to enable them to meet the computation demands of media processing applications. Conventional storage hierarchies, which frequently include caches, are unable to bridge the data bandwidth gap between modern DRAM and tens to hundreds of arithmetic units. A data bandwidth hierarchy, however, can bridge this gap by scaling the provided bandwidth across the levels of the storage hierarchy. The stream programming model enables media processing applications to exploit a data bandwidth hierarchy effectively. Media processing applications can naturally be expressed as a sequence of computation kernels that operate on data streams. This programming model exposes the locality and concurrency inherent in these applications and enables them to be mapped efficiently to the data bandwidth hierarchy. Stream programs are able to utilize inexperience local data bandwidth when possible and consume expensive global data bandwidth only when necessary. Stream Processor Architecture presents the architecture of the Imagine streaming media processor, which delivers a peak performance of 20 billion floating-point operations per second. Imagine efficiently supports 48 arithmetic units with a three-tiered data bandwidth hierarchy. At the base of the hierarchy, the streaming memory system employs memory access scheduling to maximize the sustained bandwidth of external DRAM. At the center of the hierarchy, the global stream register file enables streams of data to be recirculated directly from one computation kernel to the next without returning data to memory. Finally, local distributed register files that directly feed the arithmetic units enable temporary data to be stored locally so that it does not need to consume costly global register bandwidth. The bandwidth hierarchy enables Imagine to achieve up to 96% of the performance of a stream processor with infinite bandwidth from memory and the global register file.

Author : V. Rajaraman,
Publisher : PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.
ISBN 13 : 8120352629
Total Pages : 492 pages
Book Rating : 4.29/5 ( download)

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Download or read book PARALLEL COMPUTERS ARCHITECTURE AND PROGRAMMING written by V. Rajaraman, and published by PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.. This book was released on 2016-03-11 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today all computers, from tablet/desktop computers to super computers, work in parallel. A basic knowledge of the architecture of parallel computers and how to program them, is thus, essential for students of computer science and IT professionals. In its second edition, the book retains the lucidity of the first edition and has added new material to reflect the advances in parallel computers. It is designed as text for the final year undergraduate students of computer science and engineering and information technology. It describes the principles of designing parallel computers and how to program them. This second edition, while retaining the general structure of the earlier book, has added two new chapters, ‘Core Level Parallel Processing’ and ‘Grid and Cloud Computing’ based on the emergence of parallel computers on a single silicon chip popularly known as multicore processors and the rapid developments in Cloud Computing. All chapters have been revised and some chapters are re-written to reflect the emergence of multicore processors and the use of MapReduce in processing vast amounts of data. The new edition begins with an introduction to how to solve problems in parallel and describes how parallelism is used in improving the performance of computers. The topics discussed include instruction level parallel processing, architecture of parallel computers, multicore processors, grid and cloud computing, parallel algorithms, parallel programming, compiler transformations, operating systems for parallel computers, and performance evaluation of parallel computers.