Filament

Author : W. B. Fichter
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4.86/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Stress Concentrations in Filament-stiffened Sheets of Finite Length written by W. B. Fichter and published by . This book was released on 1970 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A simple model of filamentary composite material is employed to investigate stress concentrations in a filament-stiffened sheet of finite length. The model is composed of a single layer of parallel, tension-carrying filaments embedded in a shear-carrying matrix. The sheet is of finite length in the filament direction and of infinite length normal to the filament direction. Filament stress-concentration factors are calculated as functions of the number of broken filaments and a length-stiffness parameter for the cases of uniform normal edge load and uniform normal edge displacement. In the uniform-edge-load case, the stress-concentration factors are found to increase with decreasing filament length. The opposite effect is noted in the uniform-edge-displacement case where, in addition, the stress-concentration factor is found to have an upper limit which is fixed by the value of the length-stiffness parameter.

Author : Johanna Lena Block
Publisher : Göttingen University Press
ISBN 13 : 3863953738
Total Pages : 177 pages
Book Rating : 4.37/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Stress-Strain Behavior of Single Vimentin Intermediate Filament written by Johanna Lena Block and published by Göttingen University Press. This book was released on 2018 with total page 177 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cells are the basic unit of living organisms and consist of a cytoplasm, which is enclosed by a membrane. As building blocks of life with a plethora of functions, cells have to be equipped with a high degree of mechanical resistance, durability, and variability. In eukaryotic cells three filamentous protein types – actin filaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments (IFs) – form the so-called cytoskeleton, a network that is known to play a key role for the mechanical properties of cells. Among the three filament systems, IFs are special in terms of, for example, their hierarchical architecture, and their cell-type specific expression. In this thesis, vimentin, an IF mostly found in mesenchymal cells, is studied as a model system to learn more about the mechanical properties of IFs, and the underlying mechanisms that determine their robustness, stiffness, and flexibility. Using a combination of optical trapping and atomic force microcopy experiments and stochastic and numerical modelling, vimentin is found to possess impressive physical properties, such as an extendibility of about 3.6 times its initial length and a tensile memory that can be directly linked to the molecular architecture of the protein and the hierarchical construction of the filament. The experimental results show a clear loading-rate- and strain-dependent behavior of single vimentin IFs supporting the hypothesis that vimentin acts as a “safety belt” for cells, protecting them especially at large and fast deformations. The potential to dissipate a large amount of energy that is attributed to distinct non-equilibrium unfolding and refolding of the α-helices, which are the main structural feature of the vimentin monomer, enables vimentin to act as a shock absorber when exposed to large deformations. In case of cyclic deformations, such as in the cardiovascular system, the observed tensile memory could potentially help cells to be compliant with the repeated strain. In conclusion, vimentin is found to display highly interesting and diverse mechanical properties depending on the applied stress that could be linked to the molecular architecture of the filaments and enable vimentin to determine the mechanical properties of cells to a large extend.

Author : P. Traub
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642702309
Total Pages : 276 pages
Book Rating : 4.03/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Intermediate Filaments written by P. Traub and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research on cytoskeletal elements of eukaryotic cells has been expand ing explosively during the past 5 to 10 years. Due largely to the employment of electron and immunofluorescent microscopy, significant results have been obtained which have provided interesting new insights into the dynamics of nucleated cells at the structural, physiological, as well as developmental levels. While a substantial amount of knowledge has accumulated on the function of microfilaments and microtubules, the roles of the third major class of cytoskeletal structures in vertebrate cells, the intermediate filaments, have largely resisted clarification. The investigation of cultured cells and of tissues from various developmental stages has furnished a host of information on the inter-and intracellular distribution of the different types of intermediate filaments and led to the contention that they have a structural and organizing function in the cytoplasm of vertebrate cells. However, the results of recent experimen that vertebrate cells can function perfectly in the tation have shown complete absence of cytoplasmically extended intermediate filament meshworks. It is legitimate to suppose, therefore, that their function in vertebrate cells is much more subtle and complex than generally presumed. Our interest in the structure and function of intermediate filament proteins was initiated approximately 7 years ago while working on the regulation of macromolecular synthesis in picornavirus-infected mam malian cells. In attempts to demonstrate virus-induced changes in the nuclear protein components of the host cells, the nonionic detergent extraction method was used to purify nuclei.

Author : C. Robert Nysmith
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 22 pages
Book Rating : 4.22/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Investigation of the Impact of Copper Filaments Into Aluminum Targets at Velocities to 16,000 Feet Per Second written by C. Robert Nysmith and published by . This book was released on 1964 with total page 22 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One-half-inch- diameter aluminum spheres were fired into thin copper filaments (O. OO25inch diameter and O.75 inch length) at velocities to 16,000 feet per second, then recovered and sectioned to determine the damage. The principal variable was the filament angle of inclination. Microscopic examination of the sectioned targets and photographs revealed the various crater characteristics and penetration parameters for each shot. As the angle of inclination increased from O to 7, the depth of penetration decreased by a factor greater than 3 with most of the decrease occurring in the range from 4 to 5. Above 10 inclination angle, the penetration decreased more gradually to a final depth at broadside impact of approximately 1/10 that for end-on impact. The characteristic features of the craters also changed in these inclination ranges. Limited tests with filaments of 0.00l5-inch diameter showed a decrease in penetration approximately in proportion to the decrease in diameter. This result is very preliminary and may not be applicable to conditions other than those of this test. Incidental observations showed that small curvature of the filament may have a large effect on depth of penetration for end-on impacts but has essentially no effect for impacts of inclined filaments. The data are used to evaluate the probability of penetration greater than a selected depth for randomly oriented filaments.

Author : Alan Paris O.D.
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 1491797304
Total Pages : 162 pages
Book Rating : 4.03/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Filament written by Alan Paris O.D. and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2016-05-16 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A quiet doctor works the back streets serving the poor residents of a disinterested city. A strange package arrives and life-changing events occur. Locals claim miracles while the press spreads wild rumors. The Vatican sends a high Bishop to investigate. Confusion and crisis arise as the public demands explanation. Suddenly, a striking, talented attorney with eyes for the doctor rescues the moment. Only she knows the secret of influence from beyond. Amid the chaos, a passionate relationship grows. A violent attack and a day in court send resolve for a new beginning. Follow this adventure through an amazing story in this Part I of The Filament Trilogy. Good guys do exist. But can they survive and succeed?

Author : R.D. Goldman
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475796048
Total Pages : 483 pages
Book Rating : 4.49/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Cellular and Molecular Biology of Intermediate Filaments written by R.D. Goldman and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 483 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research activity on intermediate filaments (IF) has increased dramatically over the past decade. For the most part, this surge of interest is due to their identification as ubiquitous constituents of the cytoskeleton and karyoskeleton (nuclear matrix) of eukaryotic cells and the fact that we know very little regarding their functions. In sharp contrast to the other major cytoskeletal systems, microfilaments and microtubules, IF exhibit a high degree of heterogeneity with regard to their protein subunit composition. Indeed, one can only marvel at the number of different IF polypeptides, their associated proteins (IFAP) and, consequently, the number of genes involved in encoding the multiple constituents of the various IF networks found in different cell types. The chapters in this book demonstrate how various experimental approaches involv ing cellular, molecular, biochemical, and immunological methods have been utilized to generate information regarding the structure and function of IF. To this end, we have gathered together chapters from experts in the major fields of IF research. In each chapter, the authors have combined reviews of the available scientific literature with their own ideas on current and future directions for IF research. The chapters have been divided into five major sections which are concerned with the subcellular organization of IF, the molecular structure of IF, the differential expression of IF genes, descriptions of associ ated proteins involved in the intracellular organization of IF, and finally an analysis of the changes seen in IF in pathological conditions.

Author : Stanley T. Peters
Publisher : ASM International
ISBN 13 : 1615038523
Total Pages : 175 pages
Book Rating : 4.27/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Composite Filament Winding written by Stanley T. Peters and published by ASM International. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 175 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Printbegrænsninger: Der kan printes 10 sider ad gangen og max. 40 sider pr. session

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 1116 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Electrical Review written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 1116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 994 pages
Book Rating : 4.41/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers written by and published by . This book was released on 1922 with total page 994 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Leland Ossian Howard
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.HQ/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Mosquitoes of North and Central America and the West Indies: Systematic description written by Leland Ossian Howard and published by . This book was released on 1915 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: