Field Demonstration Of Metal Immobilization In Contaminated Soils Using Phosphate Amendments

Author : Xinde Cao
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 112 pages
Book Rating : 4.56/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Field Demonstration of Metal Immobilization in Contaminated Soils Using Phosphate Amendments written by Xinde Cao and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 112 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lab tests and a field demonstration were conducted to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of immobilizing metals in contaminated soils using phosphate. Phosphate was more effective for Pb immobilization than for Zn, Cu, and Cd. The formation of insoluble pyromorphite-like minerals was responsible for Pb immobilization, whereas Zn, Cu, and Cd immobilization may be attributed to the coprecipitation and surface complexation mechanisms. The most efficient formation of pyromorphite-like minerals was found at pH 3 and at an application rate of 4 P/Pb. Soil acidification was necessary to dissolve soil Pb carbonates and to make them readily available for the formation of pyromorphite-like minerals. Therefore, a two-step phosphate amendment was applied at a contaminated site in which the soil was first acidified with H3PO4, and Ca(H2PO4)2 or phosphate rock was then added. Phosphate effectively induced transformation of soil Pb from the non-residual to the residual fraction, with residual Pb increase by up to 55%. Modeling indicated that lead phosphate minerals controlled Pb2+ activities in the P-treated soils. Phosphate treatments significantly reduced Pb uptake by Stenotaphrum secundatum. A mixture of H3PO4 and phosphate rock yielded the best overall results for in situ Pb immobilization, with less soil pH change and less phosphorus leaching.

Author : Joon Ki Yoon
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Phosphate-induced Lead Immobilization in Contaminated Soil written by Joon Ki Yoon and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Activities such as mining and manufacturing, and the use of synthetic products result in heavy metal contamination of soil and water resources. The objectives of this research were to 1) examine the effectiveness of five P application methods on Pb immobilization in soil using a column study; 2) explore the effects of plants on the effectiveness of P-induced Pb immobilization in soil using a pot study; and 3) evaluate metal accumulation in plants growing on a contaminated soil based on field screening. The soil column test was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of different application methods using phosphate rock (PR) and phosphoric acid (PA). Mixing both PA and PR with the soil was the most effective method in Pb immobilization, reducing TCLP-Pb by up to 95% (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) and bioavailable Pb by 25-42% in the soil.

Author : Tang, Xi
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.98/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Risk and Stability of Phosphate-immobilized Lead in Contaminated Urban Soil and Mining Sites in the Jasper County Superfund Site written by Tang, Xi and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In situ application of soluble phosphates and organic matter is considered to be a cost effective remediation technique for immobilizing lead (Pb) and other heavy metals and reducing health and ecological risks associated with contaminated soils. However, a longterm assessment of risk reduction induced by metal immobilization is needed to verify efficacy and gain regulatory and public acceptance of phosphate-based and organic matter-based remedial technologies. The study sites included a smelter-contaminated urban site, a mill-waste contaminated site, and a mining-waste contaminated site within the Jasper County Superfund Site, Southwestern Missouri. Field plots at the urban site were treated with phosphoric acid at a rate of 10 g kg−1 using surface application (SA), rototilling (RT), and pressure injection (PI); plots at the mill-waste site were treated with phosphoric acid at rates of 7.5 and 10 g kg−1 and incorporated using rototilling; plots at the mining-waste site were treated with different types of organic amendments, including biosolids and agricultural byproducts. The parameters chosen to assess long-term risk reduction were: (1) metal bioavailability to organisms; (2) metal availability to plants (i.e., phytoavailability); (3) toxicity of treated soils to microorganisms; (4) phosphate and metal stability; and (5) solid phase P and Pb speciation assessed using microscopic, spectroscopic, and chemical fractionation techniques. Results demonstrated that most of the phosphoric acid and OM treatments significantly reduced bioavailability, phytoavailability, and leachability of metals (Pb and Cd) in the contaminated soil. Analysis of P and Pb fractionation confirmed these reductions as well. In addition, most of treatments did not significantly impact toxicity in the soil to microorganisms. Thus, the in situ remediation of metal contaminated soil using phosphoric acid and OM is considered to be a practical remediation strategy with longterm benefits.

Author : H. Magdi Selim
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 148223680X
Total Pages : 381 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Phosphate in Soils written by H. Magdi Selim and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2018-10-08 with total page 381 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edited by One of the Best Specialists in Soil Science Recent studies reveal that Phosphorus (P) in the form of phosphate, a macronutrient essential for plant growth, and crop yields can influence the bioavailability, retention, and mobility of trace elements, metal(loid)s, and radio nuclides in soils. When this occurs, phosphates can affect the dynamics of heavy metals and influence soil characteristics, impacting soil mobility and toxicity. Phosphate in Soils: Interaction with Micronutrients, Radionuclides and Heavy Metals utilizes the latest research to emphasize the role that phosphate plays in enhancing or reducing the mobility of heavy metals in soil, and the soil-water-plant environment. It provides an in-depth understanding of each heavy metal species, and expands on phosphate interactions in geological material. Composed of 12 chapters, this text: Provides an overview of the reactions of metal(loid)s and common P compounds that are used as fertilizer in soils Emphasizes the effect of phosphorus on copper and zinc adsorption in acid soils Discusses findings on the influence of phosphate compounds on speciation, mobility, and bioavailability of heavy metals in soils as well as the role of phosphates on in situ and phytoremediation of heavy metals for contaminated soils Places emphasis on the influence of phosphate on various heavy metals species in soils, and their solubility/mobility and availability Provides extensive information on testing various high phosphate materials for remediation of heavy metal, micronutrients, and radionuclides contaminated sites Explores the reactivity of heavy metals, micronutrients and radionuclides elements in several soils Presents a case study illustrating various remediation efforts of acidic soils and remediation of Cu, Zn, and lead (Pb) contaminated soils around nonferrous industrial plants Emphasizes the significance of common ions (cations and anions) on phosphate mobility and sorption in soils, and more The author includes analytical and numerical solutions along with hands-on applications, and addresses other topics that include the transport and sorption modeling of heavy metals in the presence of phosphate at different scales in the vadose zone.

Author : Antonio Violante
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0470175478
Total Pages : 681 pages
Book Rating : 4.77/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments written by Antonio Violante and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2007-11-27 with total page 681 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a multidisciplinary group of soil and environmental scientists, Biophysico-Chemical Processes of Heavy Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments provides the scientific community with a critical qualitative and quantitative review of the fundamentals of the processes of pollutants in soil environments. The book covers pollutants' speciation, mobility, bioavailability and toxicity, and impacts on development of innovative restoration strategies. In addition, the development of innovative remediation strategies for polluted soils is covered.

Author : Matthew Robert Baker
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 154 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Phosphate Amendments for Chemical Immobilization of Uranium in Contaminated Soil written by Matthew Robert Baker and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uranium (U) contamination is a major environmental problem associated with the mining and processing of nuclear materials for both weapons and power production. When possible in situ soil remediation techniques are preferable for reducing the risk associated with diffuse low-level U contamination. Uranium is known to form sparingly soluble phosphate compounds that persist in the environment. Therefore, batch experiments were performed to evaluate the efficacy of three phosphate amendments, hydroxyapatite (HA), sodium phytate (IP6) and sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), to immobilize U in contaminated sediments. The amendments were added at equivalent phosphorus (P) concentrations and then equilibrated under a range of test conditions, with changes in soluble U and P-total monitored at pre-set time intervals. Only HA was effective at reducing soluble U when compared to the control, with IP6 and TPP increasing soluble U. After equilibration, changes in contaminant partitioning in the amended sediments was evaluated using operational extraction methods.

Author : Jean-Louis Morel
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 140204688X
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Phytoremediation of Metal-Contaminated Soils written by Jean-Louis Morel and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-06-23 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the first book aimed at development of a common language among scientists working in the field of Phytoremediation. Authors of the main chapters are leading scientists in this field. Some of them were among the first ones to have suggested the use of hyperaccumulator plants for extraction of metals from soils. Manuscripts based on lectures presented at the ASI have been revised here to take into account ASI participants’ comments and suggestions.

Author :
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428903763
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.60/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Recent Developments for in Situ Treatment of Metal Contaminated Soils written by and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1997 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Eric Lichtfouse
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1402096542
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.49/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Organic Farming, Pest Control and Remediation of Soil Pollutants written by Eric Lichtfouse and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-15 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable agriculture is a rapidly growing field aiming at producing food and energy in a sustainable way for humans and their children. Sustainable agriculture is a discipline that addresses current issues such as climate change, increasing food and fuel prices, poor-nation starvation, rich-nation obesity, water pollution, soil erosion, fertility loss, pest control, and biodiversity depletion. Novel, environmentally-friendly solutions are proposed based on integrated knowledge from sciences as diverse as agronomy, soil science, molecular biology, chemistry, toxicology, ecology, economy, and social sciences. Indeed, sustainable agriculture decipher mechanisms of processes that occur from the molecular level to the farming system to the global level at time scales ranging from seconds to centuries. For that, scientists use the system approach that involves studying components and interactions of a whole system to address scientific, economic and social issues. In that respect, sustainable agriculture is not a classical, narrow science. Instead of solving problems using the classical painkiller approach that treats only negative impacts, sustainable agriculture treats problem sources. Because most actual society issues are now intertwined, global, and fast-developing, sustainable agriculture will bring solutions to build a safer world. This book series gathers review articles that analyze current agricultural issues and knowledge, then propose alternative solutions. It will therefore help all scientists, decision-makers, professors, farmers and politicians who wish to build a safe agriculture, energy and food system for future generations.

Author : Yongming Luo
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811060290
Total Pages : 818 pages
Book Rating : 4.98/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Twenty Years of Research and Development on Soil Pollution and Remediation in China written by Yongming Luo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-17 with total page 818 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book reviews the progresses and achievements made in the past 20 years of research on soil pollution and remediation in China, and presents 50 review and research articles from all over China, including Hong Kong and Taiwan. The authors include scientists, engineers, entrepreneurs and managers from 26 universities, 18 institutes, 4 leading enterprises and 2 government environmental protection departments. The contents cover fundamental research on soil pollution and remediation, technical development, project demonstration, policy and governance. The polluted soil/site types include farmland, industrial sites, mining areas and oilfields, with heavy metals (cadmium, arsenic, copper, chromium, mercury, lead, zinc, nickel, etc.), organic pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, organochlorine pesticides, phthalate esters, halogenated hydrocarbons, etc.), and metal–organic mixed pollutants. The remediation techniques mainly include physical and chemical remediation (thermal desorption, soil vapor extraction, in situ advanced chemical oxidation, solidification and stabilization), phytoremediation (phytostabilization, phytoextraction by hyperaccumulators, phyto-prevention by low accumulation plants), bioremediation (microbial adsorption and immobilization, microbial degradation, microbe-enhanced phytoremediation), and combined remediation merging multiple technologies. The governance and policy section mainly explores laws and regulations, criteria and standards, financial guarantees and the industrial market for soil environment and pollution prevention.