Evolving Pathways

Author : Giuseppe Fusco
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139468278
Total Pages : 405 pages
Book Rating : 4.75/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Evolving Pathways written by Giuseppe Fusco and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2008-01-10 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Evolutionary developmental biology, or 'evo-devo', is the study of the relationship between evolution and development. Dealing specifically with the generative mechanisms of organismal form, evo-devo goes straight to the core of the developmental origin of variation, the raw material on which natural selection (and random drift) can work. Evolving Pathways brings together contributions that represent a diversity of approaches. Topics range from developmental genetics to comparative morphology of animals and plants alike, and also include botany and palaeontology, two disciplines for which the potential to be examined from an evo-devo perspective has largely been ignored until now. Researchers and graduate students will find this book a valuable overview of current research as we begin to fill a major gap in our perception of evolutionary change.

Author : Larry J. Dishaw
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889630226
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.26/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Host and Microbe Adaptations in the Evolution of Immunity written by Larry J. Dishaw and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-12-31 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The evolution of metazoans has been accompanied by new interfaces with the microbial environment that include biological barriers and surveillance by specialized cell types. Increasingly complex organisms require increased capacities to confront pathogens, achieved by co-evolution of recognition mechanisms and regulatory pathways. Two distinct but interactive forms of immunity have evolved. Innate immunity, shared by all metazoans, is traditionally viewed as simple and non-specific. Adaptive immunity possesses the capacity to anticipate new infectious challenges and recall previous exposures; the most well-understood example of such a system, exhibited by lymphocytes of vertebrates, is based on somatic gene alterations that generate extraordinary specificity in discrimination of molecular structures. Our understanding of immune phylogeny over the past decades has tried to reconcile immunity from a vertebrate standpoint. While informative, such approaches cannot completely address the complex nature of selective pressures brought to bear by the complex microbiota (including pathogens) that co-exist with all metazoans. In recent years, comparative studies (and new technologies) have broadened our concepts of immunity from a systems-wide perspective. Unexpected findings, e.g., genetic expansions of innate receptors, high levels of polymorphism, RNA-based forms of generating diversity, adaptive evolution and functional divergence of gene families and the recognition of novel mediators of adaptive immunity, prompt us to reconsider the very nature of immunity. Even fundamental paradigms as to how the jawed vertebrate adaptive immune system should be structured for “optimal” recognition potential have been disrupted more than once (e.g., the discovery of the multicluster organization and germline joining of immunoglobulin genes in sharks, gene conversion as a mechanism of somatic diversification, absence of IgM or MHC II in certain teleost fishes). Mechanistically, concepts of innate immune memory, often referred to as “trained memory,” have been realized further, with the development of new discoveries in studies of epigenetic regulation of somatic lineages. Immune systems innovate and adapt in a taxon-specific manner, driven by the complexity of interactions with microbial symbionts (commensals, mutualists and pathogens). Immune systems are shaped by selective forces that reflect consequences of dynamic interactions with microbial environments as well as a capacity for rapid change that can be facilitated by genomic instabilities. We have learned that characterizing receptors and receptor interactions is not necessarily the most significant component in understanding the evolution of immunity. Rather, such a subject needs to be understood from a more global perspective and will necessitate re-consideration of the physical barriers that afford protection and the developmental processes that create them. By far, the most significant paradigm shifts in our understanding of immunity and the infection process has been that microbes no longer are considered to be an automatic cause or consequence of illness, but rather integral components of normal physiology and homeostasis. Immune phylogeny has been shaped not only by an arms race with pathogens but also perhaps by mutualistic interactions with resident microbes. This Research Topic updates and extends the previous eBook on Changing Views of the Evolution of Immunity and contains peer-reviewed submissions of original research, reviews and opinions.

Author : Suzanne Michael
Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1437982840
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.48/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Evolving IP Marketplace written by Suzanne Michael and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2011-05 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report recommends improvements to two areas of patent law policies affecting how well a patent gives notice to the public of what technology is protected and remedies for patent infringement. The report provides valuable insights on how courts can reform the patent system to best serve consumers. It recognizes that patents play a critical role in encouraging innovation, but it also observes that some strategies by patent holders risk distorting competition and deterring innovation. This is especially true for activity driven by poor patent notice, and by remedies that do not align the compensation received by patent holders for infringement with the economic value of their patented inventions. This is a print on demand report.

Author : Rama S. Singh
Publisher : OUP Oxford
ISBN 13 : 0191640344
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Rapidly Evolving Genes and Genetic Systems written by Rama S. Singh and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2012-06-28 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever since the pioneering work of Darwin and Wallace, evolutionary biologists have attempted to understand the evolutionary dynamics of genetic systems. A range of theories on evolutionary ratesfrom static to gradual to punctuated to quantumhave been developed, primarily by comparing morphological changes over geological timescales as described in the fossil record. Recent studies, however, are beginning to change the way that we view evolutionary patterns and processes. New paleontological, experimental, molecular, and genomic investigations are providing a tremendous amount of novel data and fresh perspectives, offering valuable insights on the rates of evolutionary change, particularly in fast-evolving genetic systems. Rapidly Evolving Genes and Genetic Systems captures these recent exciting developments across a broad range of morphological, molecular, cellular, developmental, and genetic investigations in both natural and experimental populations over a diversity of life forms. The book provides a fascinating series of case studies that exemplify rapid evolution, and showcases the diversity of rapidly evolving genes and genetic systems, emphasizing the extremely important roles that they play in adaptation, speciation, and the generation and maintenance of a diversity of biological traits and properties. This exciting collection showcases the latest research of more than 50 eminent evolutionary biologists. It will be suitable for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, researchers, and for all those interested in the study of evolution.

Author : Gary Fogel
Publisher : Morgan Kaufmann
ISBN 13 : 9781558607972
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Evolutionary Computation in Bioinformatics written by Gary Fogel and published by Morgan Kaufmann. This book was released on 2003 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a definitive resource that bridges biology and evolutionary computation. The authors have written an introduction to biology and bioinformatics for computer scientists, plus an introduction to evolutionary computation for biologists and for computer scientists unfamiliar with these techniques.

Author : Tara Williams Fortune
Publisher : Multilingual Matters
ISBN 13 : 1847690351
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Pathways to Multilingualism written by Tara Williams Fortune and published by Multilingual Matters. This book was released on 2008 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aimed at facilitating cross-context dialogue & knowledge exchange, this volume brings together an international roster of scholars to offer theoretical perspectices, research reviews & empirical studies on teaching, learning & language development in immersion education.

Author : Annette Summers Engel
Publisher : Karst Waters Institute
ISBN 13 : 0978997654
Total Pages : 91 pages
Book Rating : 4.56/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Carbonate Geochemistry written by Annette Summers Engel and published by Karst Waters Institute. This book was released on 2011-08-01 with total page 91 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Selected papers and abstracts of the symposium held August 6 through 9, 2011, Billings, Montana

Author : Noel T. Boaz
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 0471212997
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.97/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Evolving Health written by Noel T. Boaz and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2002-10-01 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Human illnesses can be understood as damage to those adaptations that we took on at various stages in our evolution from pre-life molecules to modern Homo sapiens. Preventing these illnesses entails avoiding what causes the damage — which too frequently are the everyday hazards of twenty-first-century life, as the chart below shows: Level of Evolution / Cause of adaptive failure / resulting disease or problem Pre-life / Environmental poisons / Certain birth defects Single cell (bacteria and amoeba-like) / Viral infection / Colds/flu/HIV Morula (sponge-like) / Cellular stress / Cancer Chordate / Physical stress / Back pain Fish / Excess dietary salt / Hypertension/heart disease Amphibian / Tobacco smoke / Lung cancer/emphysema Lower primate / Excess dietary sugar / Diabetes mellitus Higher primate / Vitamin C deficiency / Scurvy Ape / Excess dietary protein / Gout Homo sapiens / Reduced dietary variety / Nutritionaldiseases/food allergies

Author : José M. Martín-Durán
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030182029
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Old Questions and Young Approaches to Animal Evolution written by José M. Martín-Durán and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-07-22 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal evolution has always been at the core of Biology, but even today many fundamental questions remain open. The field of animal ‘evo-devo’ is leveraging recent technical and conceptual advances in development, paleontology, genomics and transcriptomics to propose radically different answers to traditional evolutionary controversies. This book is divided into four parts, each of which approaches animal evolution from a different perspective. The first part (chapters 2 and 3) investigates how new sources of evidence have changed conventional views of animal origins, while the second (chapters 4–8) addresses the connection between embryogenesis and evolution, and the genesis of cellular, tissue and morphological diversity. The third part (chapters 9 and 10) investigates how big data in molecular biology is transforming our understanding of the mechanisms governing morphological change in animals. In closing, the fourth part (chapters 11–13) explores new theoretical and conceptual approaches to animal evolution. ‘Old questions and young approaches to animal evolution’ offers a comprehensive and updated view of animal evolutionary biology that will serve both as a first step into this fascinating field for students and university educators, and as a review of complementary approaches for researchers.

Author : Keith B. Miller
Publisher : Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9780802805126
Total Pages : 550 pages
Book Rating : 4.24/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Perspectives on an Evolving Creation written by Keith B. Miller and published by Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. This book was released on 2003-09-25 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: According to the authors of this book, who explore evolutionary theory from a clear Christian perspective, the common view of conflict between evolutionary theory and Christian faith is mistaken. Written by contributors representing the natural sciences, philosophy, theology, and the history of science, this thought-provoking work is informed by both solid scientific knowledge and keen theological insight. The three sections of the book address (1) relevant biblical, historical, and scientific background, (2) the scientific evidence for an evolving creation, and (3) theological issues commonly raised in connection with evolution, including the nature of God's creative activity, the meaning of the miraculous, and the uniqueness of humankind. Woven through the volume are short meditations designed to direct readers toward worshiping the God of providence. Contributors: Laurie J. Braaten Warren S. Brown Jr. David Campbell Robin Collins Edward B. Davis Terry M. Gray Jeffrey K. Greenberg Deborah B. Haarsma Loren Haarsma James P. Hurd Conrad Hyers David N. Livingstone Keith B. Miller John C. Munday Jr. George L. Murphy Mark A. Noll Robert John Russell Howard J. Van Till David L. Wilcox Jennifer Wiseman