Evolution Toward Equality

Author : Teresa Neal
Publisher : iUniverse
ISBN 13 : 0595387020
Total Pages : 219 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Evolution Toward Equality written by Teresa Neal and published by iUniverse. This book was released on 2006 with total page 219 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A guide through the stories and history of women's rights in the western United States during the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Author : Kingsley R. Browne
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813542472
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Biology at Work written by Kingsley R. Browne and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2002-06-06 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Does biology help explain why women, on average, earn less money than men? Is there any evolutionary basis for the scarcity of female CEOs in Fortune 500 companies? According to Kingsley Browne, the answer may be yes. Biology at Work brings an evolutionary perspective to bear on issues of women in the workplace: the "glass ceiling," the "gender gap" in pay, sexual harassment, and occupational segregation. While acknowledging the role of discrimination and sexist socialization, Browne suggests that until we factor real biological differences between men and women into the equation, the explanation remains incomplete. Browne looks at behavioral differences between men and women as products of different evolutionary pressures facing them throughout human history. Womens biological investment in their offspring has led them to be on average more nurturing and risk averse, and to value relationships over competition. Men have been biologically rewarded, over human history, for displays of strength and skill, risk taking, and status acquisition. These behavioral differences have numerous workplace consequences. Not surprisingly, sex differences in the drive for status lead to sex differences in the achievement of status. Browne argues that decision makers should recognize that policies based on the assumption of a single androgynous human nature are unlikely to be successful. Simply removing barriers to inequality will not achieve equality, as women and men typically value different things in the workplace and will make different workplace choices based on their different preferences. Rather than simply putting forward the "nature" side of the debate, Browne suggests that dichotomies such as nature/nurture have impeded our understanding of the origins of human behavior. Through evolutionary biology we can understand not only how natural selection has created predispositions toward certain types of behavior but also how the social environment interacts with these predispositions to produce observed behavioral patterns.

Author : Cailin O'Connor
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0198789971
Total Pages : 255 pages
Book Rating : 4.70/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Origins of Unfairness written by Cailin O'Connor and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2019 with total page 255 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In almost every human society some people get more and others get less. Why is inequity the rule in these societies? In The Origins of Unfairness, philosopher Cailin O'Connor firstly considers how groups are divided into social categories, like gender, race, and religion, to address this question. She uses the formal frameworks of game theory and evolutionary game theory to explore the cultural evolution of the conventions which piggyback on these seemingly irrelevant social categories. These frameworks elucidate a variety of topics from the innateness of gender differences, to collaboration in academia, to household bargaining, to minority disadvantage, to homophily. They help to show how inequity can emerge from simple processes of cultural change in groups with gender and racial categories, and under a wide array of situations. The process of learning conventions of coordination and resource division is such that some groups will tend to get more and others less. O'Connor offers solutions to such problems of coordination and resource division and also shows why we need to think of inequity as part of an ever evolving process. Surprisingly minimal conditions are needed to robustly produce phenomena related to inequity and, once inequity emerges in these models, it takes very little for it to persist indefinitely. Thus, those concerned with social justice must remain vigilant against the dynamic forces that push towards inequity.

Author : Dominic Abrams
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781842062708
Total Pages : 111 pages
Book Rating : 4.00/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Processes of Prejudice written by Dominic Abrams and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 111 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Tatiana Karabchuk
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811593582
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.81/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Gendering Post-Soviet Space written by Tatiana Karabchuk and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume combines approaches from three disciplines – economics, sociology, and demography – and empirically analyzes the key aspects of the labor market and social demography processes in post-Soviet transitional societies while focusing on the gender perspective. Here, readers will find empirical studies on such countries as Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan. The volume contributes to the literature by addressing the lack of academic empirical research on gender difference issues in the labor markets of post-Soviet countries as well as gender inequalities in fertility preferences, gender disparities among the youth and elderly, the gender pay gap, gender differences in employment, and female voices. The book brings together researchers of different disciplines from a variety of countries, distinguishing this project as international and interdisciplinary. The authors use the quantitative survey micro-data approach as well as the qualitative methods of interview data analysis to provide a comprehensive and detailed overview of the economic and social developments in the region regarding gender differences. The volume consists of three parts tackling the following topics: 1) gender differences and demography (family formation and fertility, youth and elderly employment); 2) gender differences and labor market (gender wage gap, motherhood wage penalty, gender differences among freelancers, and women in STEM science); and 3) gender differences, well-being, and gender equality attitudes (women’s voices, women’s collective actions, gender equality attitudes, and spending patterns of housewives).

Author : Ronald Inglehart
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108489311
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.17/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Cultural Evolution written by Ronald Inglehart and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2018-03-22 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents and tests a theory that helps explain the rise of environmentalist parties, gender equality, and same sex marriage - and the reaction that led to Brexit and the election of Trump.

Author : Raquel Fernández
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513571168
Total Pages : 50 pages
Book Rating : 4.64/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth written by Raquel Fernández and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-03-04 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper considers various dimensions and sources of gender inequality and presents policies and best practices to address these. With women accounting for fifty percent of the global population, inclusive growth can only be achieved if it promotes gender equality. Despite recent progress, gender gaps remain across all stages of life, including before birth, and negatively impact health, education, and economic outcomes for women. The roadmap to gender equality has to rely on legal framework reforms, policies to promote equal access, and efforts to tackle entrenched social norms. These need to be set in the context of arising new trends such as digitalization, climate change, as well as shocks such as pandemics.

Author : Robert Wright
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0679763996
Total Pages : 496 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Moral Animal written by Robert Wright and published by Vintage. This book was released on 1995-08-29 with total page 496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most provocative science books ever published—"a feast of great thinking and writing about the most profound issues there are" (The New York Times Book Review). "Fiercely intelligent, beautifully written and engrossingly original." —The New York Times Book Review Are men literally born to cheat? Does monogamy actually serve women's interests? These are among the questions that have made The Moral Animaled one of the most provocative science books in recent years. Wright unveils the genetic strategies behind everything from our sexual preferences to our office politics—as well as their implications for our moral codes and public policies. Illustrations.

Author : George M. Fredrickson
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400873673
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Racism written by George M. Fredrickson and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-09-15 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Are antisemitism and white supremacy manifestations of a general phenomenon? Why didn't racism appear in Europe before the fourteenth century, and why did it flourish as never before in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries? Why did the twentieth century see institutionalized racism in its most extreme forms? Why are egalitarian societies particularly susceptible to virulent racism? What do apartheid South Africa, Nazi Germany, and the American South under Jim Crow have in common? How did the Holocaust advance civil rights in the United States? With a rare blend of learning, economy, and cutting insight, George Fredrickson surveys the history of Western racism from its emergence in the late Middle Ages to the present. Beginning with the medieval antisemitism that put Jews beyond the pale of humanity, he traces the spread of racist thinking in the wake of European expansionism and the beginnings of the African slave trade. And he examines how the Enlightenment and nineteenth-century romantic nationalism created a new intellectual context for debates over slavery and Jewish emancipation. Fredrickson then makes the first sustained comparison between the color-coded racism of nineteenth-century America and the antisemitic racism that appeared in Germany around the same time. He finds similarity enough to justify the common label but also major differences in the nature and functions of the stereotypes invoked. The book concludes with a provocative account of the rise and decline of the twentieth century's overtly racist regimes--the Jim Crow South, Nazi Germany, and apartheid South Africa--in the context of world historical developments. This illuminating work is the first to treat racism across such a sweep of history and geography. It is distinguished not only by its original comparison of modern racism's two most significant varieties--white supremacy and antisemitism--but also by its eminent readability.

Author :
Publisher : Department of Health and
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 120 pages
Book Rating : 4.59/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Toward Equality of Well-being written by and published by Department of Health and. This book was released on 1993 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: