Evaluating Pension Funds Considering Unobservable Variables Bridging Pension Funds Mutual Funds Through The Development Of A New Dea Model

Author : Maryam Badrizadeh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.43/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Evaluating Pension Funds Considering Unobservable Variables Bridging Pension Funds Mutual Funds Through the Development of a New DEA Model written by Maryam Badrizadeh and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Private pension plans provide an important source of retirement income for employees and their families. The effective performance of private pension plans is an important issue to investigate because of the social and economic implications for investors, managers and governments. Typically, financial ratios which have inherent limitations, are used to evaluate pension funds' performance. The objective of this research is to develop Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models which evaluate the private pension funds' performance and suggest useful measures based on detailed data acquired from the federal regulator OSFI (Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions Canada). The research has three sections. The first section evaluates private pension funds' performance by considering the effect of regulations which are not under the control of fund managers as well as comparing pension funds with mutual funds which have different characteristics. A new DEA model is developed that can evaluate different entities with different cultures from the same industry such as pension funds and mutual funds. The results show that the new DEA model provided a more realistic assessment of pension funds' performance and comparison between pension funds and mutual funds. In section two, the reason for low minimum efficiency scores in DEA for pension funds is examined. It is found that the presence of very low efficiency scores is not uncommon in this industry. In section three, a new methodology is introduced which evaluates the pension funds' performance by considering the importance of different variables based on an expert's judgements as well as borrowing useful information from the mutual funds' dataset. The results show that the discriminatory power of DEA increases after adding an expert's opinions as well as mutual funds' information to the pension funds' DEA model and three different target levels are defined for inefficient plans. Since private pension funds have unique characteristics compared to other investment funds as well as the significant importance of retirement income to people, the results of this research will be of interest to government, financial and industrial managers.

Author : Naoko Nemoto
Publisher : Brookings Institution Press
ISBN 13 : 4899742061
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.67/5 ( download)

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Download or read book ESG Investment written by Naoko Nemoto and published by Brookings Institution Press. This book was released on 2020-02-25 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investors are increasingly integrating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) issues into their investment decisions. Currently, more than half of managed assets in Europe are linked to ESG factors, while in Japan, ESG investment has grown dramatically in recent years. In principle, ESG investment can help to bridge the gap between profit-driven investment and economic and social sustainability in Asia and the Pacific. However, a number of challenges, such as unclear and varied sustainable investment criteria, untested impacts on corporate value and social issues, and the lack of quality data cloud the potential for increasing ESG investment. This book aims to contribute to developing a framework for future analysis and monitoring to ensure the growth of ESG investment.

Author : Stephane Hallegatte
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464806748
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.42/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Shock Waves written by Stephane Hallegatte and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-11-23 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.

Author : Michael Pinedo
Publisher : Foundations and Trends in Technology, Information and Operations Management
ISBN 13 : 9781680833362
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.67/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Operations in Financial Services written by Michael Pinedo and published by Foundations and Trends in Technology, Information and Operations Management. This book was released on 2017-12-21 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Operations in Financial Services establishes a framework for this research area from an operations management perspective. The first section presents an introduction and provides an overview of the topic. The second section establishes links between the current state of the art in relevant areas of operations management and operations research and three of the more important aspects of operations in financial services - (i) financial product design and testing, (ii) process delivery design, and (iii) process delivery management. The third section focuses on the current issues that are important in the financial services operations area. These issues center primarily on mobile online banking and trading in a global environment. The fourth section discusses operational risk aspects of financial services. The final section concludes with a discussion on research directions that may become of interest in the future.

Author : Frank J. Fabozzi
Publisher : CFA Institute Research Foundation
ISBN 13 : 1944960341
Total Pages : 136 pages
Book Rating : 4.46/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Equity Valuation: Science, Art, or Craft? written by Frank J. Fabozzi and published by CFA Institute Research Foundation. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The price at which a stock is traded in the market reflects the ability of the firm to generate cash flow and the risks associated with generating the expected future cash flows. The authors point to the limits of widely used valuation techniques. The most important of these limits is the inability to forecast cash flows and to determine the appropriate discount rate. Another important limit is the inability to determine absolute value. Widely used valuation techniques such as market multiples - the price-to-earnings ratio, firm value multiples or a use of multiple ratios, for example - capture only relative value, that is, the value of a firm's stocks related to the value of comparable firms (assuming that comparable firms can be identified). The study underlines additional problems when it comes to valuing IPOs and private equity: Both are sensitive to the timing of the offer, suffer from information asymmetry, and are more subject to behavioral elements than is the case for shares of listed firms. In the case of IPOs in particular, the authors discuss how communication strategies and media hype play an important role in the IPO valuation/pricing process.

Author : United States. Civil Aeronautics Administration
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 48 pages
Book Rating : 4.14/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Airport Financial Statements written by United States. Civil Aeronautics Administration and published by . This book was released on 1948 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : John B. Davis
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1315471590
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.94/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Reflexivity and Economics written by John B. Davis and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The form of ‘reflexivity’ – defined by the dictionary as that which is ‘directed back upon itself’ – that is most relevant to economic methodology is that where observation of the economy leads to ideas that change behavior, which in turn changes (is directed back upon) the economy itself. As George Soros explains: "if investors believe that markets are efficient then that belief will change the way they invest, and that in turn will change the nature of the markets they are observing ... That is the principle of reflexivity". Although various versions of reflexivity have long been discussed, in recent years George Soros has been particularly effective in bringing ideas about reflexivity to the attention of the economic and financial communities. In a series of writings he has systematically argued that reflexivity is not only an important aspect of economic life, it is an aspect that is neglected in most mainstream theorizing; and in addition, that the neglect of reflexivity has been responsible for the failure of economists to predict, explain, or offer a solution for events such as the recent financial crisis. Soros’ ideas about reflexivity have important methodological significance, and his chapter in this book summarizes and clarifies his arguments. His contribution is joined by those of thirteen scholars from a wide range of relevant fields, who provide a commentary on the idea of reflexivity in economics. This book was originally published as a special issue of The Journal of Economic Methodology.

Author : Ananda S.
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 9811626529
Total Pages : 343 pages
Book Rating : 4.24/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Financial Inclusion in Emerging Markets written by Ananda S. and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-04 with total page 343 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses ideas for stakeholders to develop strategies to access and use financial products and services such as deposits, loans, and fund transfer mechanism, insurance, payment services, and intermediaries, distribution channels at economical prices in order to cater to the needs of the poor and underprivileged people. Financial inclusion ensures ease of access, availability, and usage of the financial products and services to all the sections of the society. The book will help in recognizing the role of financial inclusion as one of the main drivers in reducing income inequality and thus supporting sustainable economic growth of the countries, especially of an emerging economy. The book provides conceptual and practical ideas from the practitioners, best practices from the experts, and empirical views from the researchers on the best practices and how to mitigate the challenges and issues plaguing the development of the financial inclusion.

Author : Amedeo Spadaro
Publisher : Fundacion BBVA
ISBN 13 : 8496515176
Total Pages : 359 pages
Book Rating : 4.78/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Microsimulation as a Tool for the Evaluation of Public Policies written by Amedeo Spadaro and published by Fundacion BBVA. This book was released on 2007 with total page 359 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Los desarrollos en el ámbito de la investigación sobre la evaluación de políticas públicas están experimentando actualmente un gran avance. En este contexto, las técnicas de microsimulación -basadas en la representación del comportamiento de los individuos frente a cambios reales o hipotéticos en su entorno económico e institucional- han adquirido particular relevancia por su capacidad para evaluar a priori diferentes escenarios y facilitar la toma de decisiones. Las técnicas de simulación se realizan con modelos de absoluta precisión y exactitud que permiten estudiar y predecir el impacto y los efectos de una política sobre una muestra de individuos, familias o empresas representativa de la población total. Este libro presenta la microsimulación como técnica de evaluación de las políticas públicas, al mismo tiempo que propone una revisión razonada de los recientes avances. Una conclusión común es que, gracias a un modelo de microsimulación, es posible identificar la mejor política de redistribución posible (en el sentido de maximizar una determinada función de bienestar social). De manera general, mediante el uso de esta técnica es posible hacer complementarios los enfoques macro de equilibrio económico general y micro de simulación de los comportamientos individuales. La presente publicación ofrece una herramienta de referencia a investigadores, académicos, políticos y analistas.

Author : Sanford Berg
Publisher : IWA Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1843392720
Total Pages : 185 pages
Book Rating : 4.29/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Water Utility Benchmarking written by Sanford Berg and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2010-03-31 with total page 185 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Benchmarking is essential for those developing and implementing water policy. If decision-makers do not know where they have been or where they are, it would seem to be impossible to set reasonable targets for future performance. Information on water/sewerage system (WSS) operations, investments, and outputs is essential for good management and oversight. This book is designed to help decision makers identify the data required for performance comparisons over time and across water utilities, to understand the strengths and limitations of alternative benchmarking methodologies, and to perform (or commission) benchmark studies. This book provides an overview of the strengths and limitations of different methodologies for making performance comparisons over time and across water utilities (metric benchmarking). In addition, it identifies ways to determine the robustness of performance rankings. Current benchmarking activities in Latin America, Asia, Africa, Central Europe/Asia, and OECD nations are summarized. Five basic approaches to benchmarking characterize current studies: Core indicators and a summary or overall performance Indicator (partial metric method), Performance scores based on production or cost estimates (“total” methods), Performance relative to a model company (engineering approach), Process benchmarking, and Customer survey benchmarking. This volume is of interest to the water professionals, water utility managers and senior staff of regulatory agencies, professionals in related government agencies, and consultants. Visit the IWA WaterWiki to read and share material related to this title: http://www.iwawaterwiki.org/xwiki/bin/view/Articles/InfrastructureRegulationStateOwnedEnterprisesVsInvestor-ownedInfrastructureOperators