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Author :
Publisher : Am Cncl on Science, Health
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Endocrine Disrupters: A Scientific Perspective written by and published by Am Cncl on Science, Health. This book was released on 1999 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : A Crain
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781560325710
Total Pages : 355 pages
Book Rating : 4.12/5 ( download)
Download or read book Environmental Endocrine Disruptors written by A Crain and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-08-17 with total page 355 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Addresses many aspects of endocrine disruption by environmental encountered toxic substances. Initial chapters provide essential background information whilst later chapters address specific aspects of endocrine disrupting contaminants (EDC)
Author : Sushil K. Khetan
Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1118852931
Total Pages : 410 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)
Download or read book Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment written by Sushil K. Khetan and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2014-06-23 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment A concise and engaging overview of endocrine disruption phenomena that brings complex concepts within the reach of non-specialists For most of the last decade, the science of endocrine disruption has evolved with more definitive evidence of its damaging potential to health and environment. This book lists the major environmental chemicals of concern and their mechanism of endocrine disruption including remedial measures for them. Divided into three parts, Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment begins with an overview of the endocrine system and endocrine disruptors, discussing their salient features and presenting a historical perspective of endocrine disruption phenomena. It then goes on to cover hormone- signaling mechanisms, followed by various broad classes of putative endocrine disruptors, before introducing readers to environmental epigenetic modifications. Part two of the book focuses on removal processes of various EDCs by biotic and abiotic transformation/degradation. The last section consists of four chapters embracing themes on finding solutions to environmental EDCs—including their detection, regulation, replacement, and remediation. Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is the first book to detail the endocrine effects of several known environmental contaminants and their mechanism of endocrine disruption. Additionally, it: Covers both the chemistry and biology of endocrine disruption and compiles almost all the known endocrine disrupting environmental chemicals and their mechanisms of toxicity Addresses policy and regulatory issues relevant to EDCs including scientific uncertainty and precautionary policy Brings forth the use of Green Chemistry principles in avoiding endocrine disruption in the designing and screening for safer chemicals and remediation of the EDCs in aquatic environment Includes a useful glossary of technical terms, a list of acronyms, topical references, and a subject index Endocrine Disruptors in the Environment is an ideal book for environmental chemists and endocrine toxicologists, developmental biologists, endocrinologists, epidemiologists, environmental health scientists and advocates, and regulatory officials tasked with risk assessment in environment and health areas.
Author : Maria Marino
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9788178952833
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.31/5 ( download)
Download or read book The Endocrine Disruptors written by Maria Marino and published by . This book was released on 2007-01-01 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, it has become evident that many chemicals present in the environment can mimic, antagonize or alter the physiological actions of endogenous hormones. These compounds have been termed endocrine disrupters (EDs) and defined as exogenous substances that cause adverse health effects in an intact organism or in its progeny, consequent to changes in endocrine function [1]. EDs, even when present in minute amounts (part per trillion), could interfere with the synthesis, secretion, transport, metabolism, binding, action, or elimination of natural hormones responsible for homeostasis maintenance, reproduction, and developmental processes [2]. Currently more than 100 chemicals have been identified as EDs. Within this heterogeneous group of molecules we find: (a) synthetic chemicals used in industry, agriculture, and consumer products; (b) synthetic chemicals used as pharmaceutical drugs; and (c) natural chemicals found in human and animal food. About half of these compounds are substituted with halogen groups, mostly chlorine and bromine, and include dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, methoxychlor, dieldrin, and hexachlorocyclohexane. EDs have long environmental half-life resulting in a continue increase of their global concentration in the environment and can be detected and may concentrate at great distances from where they are produced, used or released. EDs have very low water solubility and extremely high lipid solubility, leading to their bioaccumulation in adipose tissue. Exposure to EDs can occur from a number of different sources: humans and animals can be exposed involuntarily by drinking contaminated polluted water, breathing contaminated air, ingesting food, contacting contaminated soil or even in the workplace. Although endocrine disruption has only received high-profile attention for just over a decade [2], the phenomenon does have a longer historical background. In the early 1900s, pig farmers in the USA complained of fertility problems in swine herds fed on moldy grain [3], and concern was stimulated in the 1940s by reports of infertility in sheep grazing on certain clovers in Western Australia [4]. Over the following two decades, estrogenic actions were evidenced in birds [5] and in mammals [6] owing to the dissemination of the agrochemical orto-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), at the same time masculinization of bivalves and gastropods[7], with concomitant declines in population, was found in the 1970s with the introduction of tributyltin into antifouling paints for the boats, while feminization of fishes was observed in UK rivers in the presence of estrogenic components in sewage effluent [8]. Also the occurrence of genital abnormalities in both male and female alligators in Lake Apopka (FL, USA) were observed as effect of a spill of the pesticide difocol in 1980. After these first observations the scientific community increased the awareness of the consequences of exposure to chemicals which can interfere with reproductive functions [9]. Endocrine disruption in wildlife is now acknowledged to be a widespread problem, much resulting from environmental pollution, and, in the case of aquatic forms of wildlife, from the continuous exposure to these chemicals in the water. Extrapolation of the results of these researches on wildlife resulted in concern that the same compounds could interfere with hormone action in humans. Handling hazardous substances and the risk of exposure to chemicals are a painful part of modern life, as technology and science progress. Moreover, exposure to chemicals present in foods, at home, and at work is an important risk factor for human health, especially since our scientific knowledge is still not sufficient to ensure proper prevention. Nowadays there is justifiable concern that endocrine disruption could be the underlying cause of increasing female and male reproductive problems, thus endocrine disruption is one of the topics receiving much attention throughout all sectors of the society, and the debate between pharmaceutical companies and public health organisms is increasing. Both parts will call for urgent need of more research. The scientific challenge for the future is to identify the relevant real-life sources of exposure of the human population to endocrine-disrupting compounds and to find the appropriate remediation actions. This can be done: (a) by assessing the impact on human health of long-term, low-dose exposure to such chemicals; (b) by understanding the synergistic effects of the copious number of chemicals to which humans and animals are exposed; (c) by defining the variety of underlying mechanisms at molecular, cellular and physiological level, (d) by exploiting new technologies addressed to the remediation of the environment polluted by the presence of EDs, and (e) by designing and developing new sensors or biosensors capable of determining their concentration in traces. The review presented in this book has been written under the sponsorship of the Interuniversitary Consortium National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems (INBB) , constituted by 26 Public Italian Universities. INBB is stimulating the research on endocrine disruptors, by encouraging and coordinating joint research projects between its members and those of other Italian public scientific institutions. This book represents one of the results of the meeting The biological and clinical research on endocrine disruptors: current status and perspectives , held in Rome during 2005 from October 27 to 28 and organized by INBB and ISPESL (Istituto Superiore Prevenzione e Sicurezza del Lavoro). The first three chapters of this book review the EDs effects on natural population living in aquatic ecosystems where EDs, due to their lipophilicity, tend to concentrate in sediments and in food webs. The edible mussel Mytilus (Chapter 1), a marine bivalve that can accumulate large amounts of organic contaminants, represents a species of economical, ecological and public health-related interest. Amphibians (Chapter 2) are favourite models for studying various aspects of reproduction, development of the central nervous system and metamorphosis. Moreover, there is great concern about the EDs and the dramatic decline of wild amphibian populations. In Chapter 3 different species of fishes are considered as experimental models to analyze, by both genomic and proteomic approaches, the expression of key molecules involved in reproduction and in detoxification processes. The following two chapters focus on the EDs effects on thyroid functions and on the development of central mechanisms controlling reproduction. Wildlife observations in polluted areas clearly demonstrate a significant incidence of thyroid imbalance in several species. Several EDs are now known or suspected to be thyroid disruptors altering thyroid economy at multiple levels. These compounds may interfere with thyroid homeostasis through many mechanisms of action, at receptor level, in binding to transport proteins, in cellular uptake mechanisms or in modifying the metabolism of thyroid hormones. Chapter 4 offers a focus on endocrine disrupting activity of chemical compounds on thyroid function. The dimorphic control of reproductive functions depends on the ability of the central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus, to respond properly to circulating reproductive hormones. This ability is acquired during a perinatal critical period, when the presence of different levels of sex steroid hormones in male and female fetuses/neonates induces a sex-specific morpho-functional development of the neuronal networks controlling reproduction. The perinatal stage is thus particularly sensitive to endogenous or exogenous substances that interfere with the activities of sex steroid hormones. Chapter 5 summarizes the current knowledge on the neuro-endocrine disrupting potential of the perinatal exposure to the major classes of EDs focusing the attention on animal studies aimed to identify the EDs action mechanisms and the resulting impairment of the reproductive behavior. Flavonoids are defined as naturally occurring molecules of plant origin, capable of acting as hormone mimetics or antagonists, but also as endocrine disruptors. Many of them have been marketed as dietary supplements or nutraceuticals with health claims, thus leading to significant increase in flavonoid consumption levels in the Western population. Even though several reports suggest for these compounds health-promoting effects in preventing age-related diseases such as atherosclerosis, hormone-dependent cancers, and osteoporosis, the mechanistic aspects of their activity have not been fully clarified and a wide consensus of the pros and cons of their use in humans has not been reached by the scientific community. Chapter 6 presents an overview of the state of the art of the knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying flavonoids estrogen-like activity. Feed additives represent a major issue for the safety of foods of animal origin, as they constitute the bulk of chemicals used in animal production. Feeds can also be a major vehicle for human dietary intake of persistent EDs (Chapter 7). Farm animals ingest these substances with food and drinking water and it is likely that the range of ingestion will increase in the future as growing amounts of sewage sludges are recycled onto agricultural land with an overall increase of environmental contamination exerting adverse effects on human health. Research on how the exposure to EDs affects human health in the work environment (Chapter 8) attracts increasing attention among international scientists. Certain workplaces pose particular problems as regards the potential risk connected to processes involving the use, manufacture and handling of these chemicals, and the type of job that puts workers at greatest risk of contact with them. Some EDCs represent occupational risk factors credibly capable of inducing hormone-dependent tumors. Occupational exposure to EDs is a highly complicated question: risk factors in the workplace must be identified; how they penetrate the body has to be established; confounding factors in everyday environments are numerous, and it is hard to make a definite diagnosis of their effects on human health. Owing to the harmful health effects of EDs, the attention of many scientists has been attracted towards the remediation of environment polluted by their presence and the design and development of sensors or biosensors capable of determining their concentration in traces. In Chapter 9 the experimental results concerning the enzymatic remediation of waters polluted by Bisphenol A (BPA), taken as a model of endocrine disruptors, is discussed in view of the potential application of the technology of non-isothermal bioreactors to the treatment of polluted waters. Also the functioning of a tyrosinase-based sensor able to measure the BPA concentration in traces is presented in the same chapter. These reviews emphasize that many environmental chemicals possess endocrine-disrupting properties, and that exposure to such chemicals can have adverse effects on health and reproduction even at very low concentrations. Great care should be used when attempting to apply these data to other species or real life situations. Indeed only a paucity of information is available on the metabolism and tissue distribution of these chemicals which may vary according to species physiology as well as to levels and duration of exposure. Furthermore, the possible interactions between single contaminants of the complex mixtures present in the environment may induce completely unpredictable effects, due to synergies or reciprocal inhibition effects, suggesting great caution in drawing conclusions. It is hoped that these reviews will serve to stimulate further research on EDs and human health. References 1.Report of the proceedings of the European workshop on the impact of endocrine disrupters on human health and wildlife. 1996, Weybridge, UK, report EUR17549 of the environment and climate change research programme of DGXII of the European commission. 2.Colborn T, vom Saal FS & Soto AM. Environ Health Perspectiv 1993, 101, 378 384. 3.McNutt SH, Purwin P & Murray C. J Amer Veterinary Medical Ass 1928, 73, 484. 4.Bennets H, Underwood EJ & Shier FL. Australian Veterinary Journal 1946, 22, 2 12. 5.Burlington H & Linderman VF. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 1950, 74, 48 51. 6.Bitman J, Cecil HC, Harris SJ & Fries GF. Science 1968, 162, 371 372. 7.Matthiessen P. Pure and Applied Chemistry 2003, 75, 2197 2206. 8.Jobling S, Nolan M, Tyler CR et al. Environmental Science and Technology 1998, 32, 2498 2506. 9.Guillette Jr. LJ & Gunderson MP. Reproduction 2001, 122, 857 864.
Author : Andrea C. Gore
Publisher : Humana
ISBN 13 : 9781617377952
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.53/5 ( download)
Download or read book Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals written by Andrea C. Gore and published by Humana. This book was released on 2010-11-09 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides comprehensive coverage of the three most important themes in the field of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals (EDC) research: the basic biology of EDCs, particularly their effects on reproductive systems; EDC effects on humans and wildlife, including biomedical considerations; and potential interventions and practical advice for dealing with the problem of EDCs.
Author : Gerald T. Ankley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.0M/5 ( download)
Download or read book Research Plan for Endocrine Disruptors written by Gerald T. Ankley and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Rosario Pivonello
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030390446
Total Pages : 532 pages
Book Rating : 4.40/5 ( download)
Download or read book Environmental Endocrinology and Endocrine Disruptors written by Rosario Pivonello and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-04-20 with total page 532 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes how exposure to various classes of endocrine disruptors, as well as other environmental chemicals targeting the endocrine system by alternative non-endocrine mechanisms, impact on endocrinological and endocrinological-related diseases. It includes comprehensive reviews of all aspects of environmental endocrinology, ranging from sources and patterns of exposure and identification of endocrine targets to direct endocrine disruptive mechanisms and indirect actions on the endocrine system, the latter including endocrine cell-directed cytotoxicity, oxidative damage, and genetic and epigenetic aberrations resulting in endocrine damage. It also examines the causal pathways and offers an extensive overview of downstream endocrinological and endocrinological-related disorders. In addition, several chapters focus on transgenerational actions, which are a topic of particular interest. Lastly, evidence from preclinical and clinical studies provides the basis for an in-depth, critical discussion of each topic. The book is part of the SpringerReference program, which provides access to ‘living editions’ that are constantly updated using a dynamic peer-review publishing process.
Author : Polyxeni Nicolopoulou-Stamati
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9401597693
Total Pages : 385 pages
Book Rating : 4.92/5 ( download)
Download or read book Endocrine Disrupters written by Polyxeni Nicolopoulou-Stamati and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-14 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During recent decades, millions of tonnes of man-made chemicals have been produced and released into the environment, with very little safety testing. Many of these chemical substances have been found to interfere with the endocrine system and modulate its function. This book not only overviews the effects of endocrine/disrupting substances on human health, but also addresses the regulatory problems from the point of view of international organisations, including the WHO, the EU, and the European Chlorine Industry. This volume contains the proceedings of a workshop held at the International Hippocrates Foundation on Kos Island, Greece, in September 1999. The workshop was part of the activities of the ASPIS project, which aims at raising awareness of environmental health impacts among multidisciplinary groups. The contributions to this volume are the result of the interaction of participants at the workshop. As such, it addresses the issue of endocrine disrupters from many different points of view and allows the subject to be approached by a multidisciplinary readership, including: decision makers, medical doctors, environmental experts, post/and undergraduate students, lawyers, engineers, and journalists.
Author : National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review EPA's State of the Science Paper on Nonmonotonic Dose Reponse
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309297547
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.40/5 ( download)
Download or read book Review of the Environmental Protection Agency's State-of-the-science Evaluation of Nonmonotonic Dose-response Relationships as They Apply to Endocrine Disruptors written by National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review EPA's State of the Science Paper on Nonmonotonic Dose Reponse and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Potential health effects from chemicals that disrupt endocrine function pose an environmental health concern because of their ability to interfere with normal hormone function in human and wildlife populations. The endocrine system regulates biological processes throughout the body and is sensitive to small changes in hormone concentrations. Endocrine-disruptor research has focused primarily on chemicals that affect three hormone pathways that play important roles in reproduction and development - the estrogen, androgen, and thyroid hormone pathways. Some of this research has identified dose-response relationships that have nonmonotonic curves. Nonmonotonic dose-response curves (NMDRs) are of concern because they do not follow the usual assumption made in toxicology that as dose decreases the response also decreases. The existence of NMDRs has been a controversial topic for decades, and there has been considerable debate about their implications for how chemicals are tested and for how risks from such chemicals are assessed. Toxicity tests are designed to identify hazards and to characterize dose-response relationships, so tests are aimed at finding a (high) dose that elicits a response, and dose-response is explored by testing lower doses spaced to identify statistically a no- or lowest-observed-adverse-effect level. The concern for NMDRs is that such studies, as currently designed, might not detect the inflection of the dose-response curve if only a few doses are tested or if the change in inflection occurs below the range of doses tested. Another concern is that some NMDRs are found for biological effects that are not usually evaluated in toxicity tests. If current testing strategies are inadequate to account for NMDRs, changes to risk assessment practices might be necessary. To help address these issues, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) developed a draft State-of-the-Science Evaluation: Nonmonotonic Dose Responses as they Apply to Estrogen, Androgen, and Thyroid Pathways and EPA Testing and Assessment Procedures. EPA asked the National Research Council to conduct an independent review of this evaluation to ensure that it is scientifically sound and of high quality. Review of Environmental Protection Agency's State-of-the-Science Evaluation of Nonmonotonic Dose-Response as they Apply to Endocrine Disrupters evaluates whether EPA's evaluation presents a scientifically sound and high-quality analysis of the literature on NMDRs. This report reviews how well the EPA evaluation described how the assessment was performed, whether consistent methods and criteria were applied in the analysis of different evidence streams, and whether appropriate methods were applied to evaluating the evidence. The report makes recommendations to improve EPA's process and strengthen the evaluation.
Author : Alexandra Fucic
Publisher : Royal Society of Chemistry
ISBN 13 : 1788017412
Total Pages : 539 pages
Book Rating : 4.11/5 ( download)
Download or read book Challenges in Endocrine Disruptor Toxicology and Risk Assessment written by Alexandra Fucic and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2020-12-08 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Insight into the role of hormones, particularly estrogen and testosterone, in health and disease etiology - including interactions with other hormone pathways - has dramatically changed. Estrogen and androgen receptors, with their polymorphisms, are key molecules in all tissues and are involved in a number of homeostatic mechanisms but also pathological processes including carcinogenesis and the development of metabolic and neurological disorders such as diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with the endocrine (hormone) systems at certain dosages and play a key role in the pathology of disease. Most known EDCs are manmade and are therefore an increasing concern given the number commonly found in household products and the environment. This book will cover the mechanisms of EDC pathology across the spectrum of disease, as well as risk assessment and government and legal regulation to provide a holistic view of the current issues and cutting-edge research in the topic. With contributions from global leaders in the field, this book will be an ideal reference for toxicologists, endocrinologists and researchers interested in developmental biology, regulatory toxicology and the interface between environment and human health.
