Earthquake Rupture Imaging And Multiscale Stress Drop Estimation

Author : Bettina P. Allmann
Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 : 9780549598404
Total Pages : 146 pages
Book Rating : 4.05/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Earthquake Rupture Imaging and Multiscale Stress Drop Estimation written by Bettina P. Allmann and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2008 with total page 146 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investigation of earthquake source parameters is important for better understanding of the physics behind earthquakes, which is essential for mitigating the hazards of destructive earthquakes. This dissertation explores several different aspects of source parameter estimation. First, I image the rupture process of the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake in three dimensions using a waveform back-projection method. I identify a distinct secondary high-frequency phase that radiated from a point about 13 km northwest of the hypocenter. Together with existing slip model inversions of the Parkfield earthquake, these results constrain several physical properties of the rupture process. Second, I use an iterative least-squares approach on both local and global seismic data to isolate source spectra from attenuation and near-station site effects and apply an empirical Green's function correction for near-source attenuation. Brune-type stress drop estimates for small earthquakes in the Parkfield area and for moderate to large earthquakes worldwide range from 0.1 to 50 MPa, with robust lateral variations in average stress drop. In Parkfield some of these variations change temporally after the 2004 M6.0 Parkfield earthquake. On a global scale, the stress drop variations are usually confined to specific plate boundaries or tectonic regimes. The highest average stress drops occur for oceanic transform fault earthquakes and other strike-slip events. Intraplate events have a factor of two higher average stress drops than interplate events. Stress drops of both small earthquakes in Parkfield and larger global earthquakes show no dependence on moment. Our stress-drop estimates, combined with other published results, provide strong evidence that earthquakes exhibit self-similarity over most of the instrumentally observable magnitude range. Finally, using the spectral separation method to discriminate between natural seismicity and man-made explosions, I find that the best single waveform discriminant for data recorded in southern California is the RMS-misfit between quarry blast spectra and an w-2 source model.

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.77/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Clive R. Neal
Publisher : Geological Society of America
ISBN 13 : 0813725119
Total Pages : 352 pages
Book Rating : 4.16/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Origin, Evolution, Environmental Impact of Oceanic LIPs written by Clive R. Neal and published by Geological Society of America. This book was released on 2015-05 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The origin, evolution, and environmental impact of large igneous provinces (LIPs) represents a topic of high scientific importance because the magmatism associated with these features cannot be directly related to plate tectonics, and because the eruption of flood basalts may have global environmental consequences. Oceanic LIPs are even more poorly understood due to their relative inaccessibility. This volume takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding LIP origin, evolution, and environmental impact in ocean basins. Papers that focus on plate tectonic reconstructions, petrologic and geophysical investigations of various LIPs, and sedimentological and micropaleontological evidence of syn-LIP sediments are presented. Precious materials and data from dredging cruises and scientific ocean drilling expeditions have made this volume possible.

Author : Hao Zhang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662552396
Total Pages : 117 pages
Book Rating : 4.91/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Imaging the Rupture Processes of Earthquakes Using the Relative Back-Projection Method written by Hao Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-12-27 with total page 117 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis adopts the relative back-projection method to dramatically reduce “swimming” artifacts by identifying the rupture fronts in the time window of a reference station; this led to a faster and more accurate image of the rupture processes of earthquakes. Mitigating the damage caused by earthquakes is one of the primary goals of seismology, and includes saving more people’s lives by devising seismological approaches to rapidly analyze an earthquake’s rupture process. The back-projection method described in this thesis can make that a reality.

Author : Yong-Gang Li
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter
ISBN 13 : 3110259036
Total Pages : 273 pages
Book Rating : 4.32/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Imaging, Modeling and Assimilation in Seismology written by Yong-Gang Li and published by Walter de Gruyter. This book was released on 2012-02-22 with total page 273 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This work presents current approaches in geophysical research of earthquakes. A global authorship from top institutions presents case studies to model, measure, and monitor earthquakes. Among others a full-3D waveform tomography method is introduced, as well as propagator methods for modeling and imaging. In particular the earthquake prediction method makes this book a must-read for researchers in the field.

Author : Ralph J. Archuleta
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Spatial Variation of Stress Drops of Loma Prieta Aftershocks written by Ralph J. Archuleta and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Eiichi Fukuyama
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 9780080922461
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.65/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Fault-Zone Properties and Earthquake Rupture Dynamics written by Eiichi Fukuyama and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2009-04-24 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dynamics of the earthquake rupture process are closely related to fault zone properties which the authors have intensively investigated by various observations in the field as well as by laboratory experiments. These include geological investigation of the active and fossil faults, physical and chemical features obtained by the laboratory experiments, as well as the seismological estimation from seismic waveforms. Earthquake dynamic rupture can now be modeled using numerical simulations on the basis of field and laboratory observations, which should be very useful for understanding earthquake rupture dynamics. Features: * First overview of new and improved techniques in the study of earthquake faulting * Broad coverage * Full color Benefits: * A must-have for all geophysicists who work on earthquake dynamics * Single resource for all aspects of earthquake dynamics (from lab measurements to seismological observations to numerical modelling) * Bridges the disciplines of seismology, structural geology and rock mechanics * Helps readers to understand and interpret graphs and maps Also has potential use as a supplementary resource for upper division and graduate geophysics courses.

Author : Mark R. Handy
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262083620
Total Pages : 461 pages
Book Rating : 4.21/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Tectonic Faults written by Mark R. Handy and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2007 with total page 461 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scientists examine tectonic faulting on all scales--from seismic fault slip to the formation of mountain ranges--and discuss its connection to a wide range of global phenomena, including long-term climate change and evolution. Tectonic faults are sites of localized motion, both at the Earth's surface and within its dynamic interior. Faulting is directly linked to a wide range of global phenomena, including long-term climate change and the evolution of hominids, the opening and closure of oceans, and the rise and fall of mountain ranges. In Tectonic Faults, scientists from a variety of disciplines explore the connections between faulting and the processes of the Earth's atmosphere, surface, and interior. They consider faults and faulting from many different vantage points--including those of surface analysts, geochemists, material scientists, and physicists--and in all scales, from seismic fault slip to moving tectonic plates. They address basic issues, including the imaging of faults from Earth's surface to the base of the lithosphere and deeper, the structure and rheology of fault rocks, and the role of fluids and melt on the physical properties of deforming rock. They suggest strategies for understanding the interaction of faulting with topography and climate, predicting fault behavior, and interpreting the impacts on the rock record and the human environment. Using an Earth Systems approach, Tectonic Faults provides a new understanding of feedback between faulting and Earth's atmospheric, surface, and interior processes, and recommends new approaches for advancing knowledge of tectonic faults as an integral part of our dynamic planet.

Author : Morgan T. Page
Publisher : ProQuest
ISBN 13 : 9780549268055
Total Pages : 210 pages
Book Rating : 4.57/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Quantifying Uncertainty in Earthquake Rupture Models written by Morgan T. Page and published by ProQuest. This book was released on 2007 with total page 210 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using dynamic and kinematic models, we analyze the ability of GPS and strong-motion data to recover the rupture history of earthquakes. By analyzing the near-source ground-motion generated by earthquake ruptures through barriers and asperities, we determine that both the prestress and yield stress of a frictional inhomogeneity can be recovered. In addition, we find that models with constraints on rupture velocity have less ground motion than constraint-free, spontaneous dynamic models with equivalent stress drops. This suggests that kinematic models with such constraints overestimate the actual stress heterogeneity of earthquakes.

Author : Pei-Ru Jian
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9789811655838
Total Pages : 101 pages
Book Rating : 4.39/5 ( download)

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Download or read book AutoBATS and 3D MUSIC: New Approaches to Imaging Earthquake Rupture Behaviors written by Pei-Ru Jian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2021-09-28 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the kinematic earthquake rupture studies from moment tenor to spatial-temporal rupture imaging. For real-time seismic hazard monitoring, the new stable automatic moment tensor (AutoBATS) algorithm is developed and implemented for the real-time MT reports by the Taiwan Earthquake Science Information System (TESIS). In order to understand the rupture behavior of the 2013 Mw 8.3 Okhotsk deep earthquake sequence, the 3D MUltiple SIgnal Classification Back Projection (MUSIC BP) with P and pP phases is applied. The combined P- and pP-wave BP imaging of the mainshock shows two stages of anti-parallel ruptures along two depths separating for about 10~15 km. Unusual super-shear ruptures are observed through the 3D BP images of two Mw 6.7 aftershocks. In last two chapters, the 3D BP imaging reveals similar rupture properties of two shallow catastrophic earthquakes (Mw=6.4) in southwestern Taiwan. Both the 2010 Jiashian and 2016 Meinong earthquakes ruptured westward with similar velocity of ~2.5 km/s along a NE-ward shallow dipping blind fault. The rupture similarities of the doublet suggest two parallel elongate asperities along the causative fault. After several decades of seismic quiescence, the 2010 Jiashian event initiated the rupture at the deeper asperity and triggered the shallower asperity which caused catastrophes six years later.