Dynamics Of Nanoparticles In Stagnation Flames

Author : Yiyang Zhang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3662536153
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.55/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Dynamics of Nanoparticles in Stagnation Flames written by Yiyang Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-03-20 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book studies the collision, coalescence and deposition of nanoparticles in stagnation flames. With the help of synthesis experiments, in-situ laser diagnostics and molecular dynamics simulations, it investigates the growth of nanoparticles in flames and their deposition in boundary layers at a macroscopic flow field scale, as well as particle and molecular scale issues such as the interaction force between particles, how the collision rate is enhanced by attractive forces, and how the nano-scale coalescence process is influenced by the high surface curvature – all of which are crucial to understanding nanoparticle transport phenomena at high temperatures. The book also reports on a novel in-situ laser diagnostics phenomenon called phase-selective laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy and related applications for tracing gas-to-particle transitions and measuring local particle volume fractions in nano-aerosols.

Author : Kevin Wan
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.88/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Characterization of NOx and Soot in Premixed Stagnation Flames written by Kevin Wan and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Increasingly strict regulations on NOx and soot emissions from combustion systems drives the need to develop strategies to reduce them. One such strategy is to reduce them at the source. A basic understanding about how they form and how to properly characterize them is critical to improved combustion system design. In this dissertation, NOx formation is studied experimentally and numerically for a typical jet fuel. Characterization of soot by transmission electron microscopy and optical diagnostics is reevaluated here. The dissertation presents findings with new implications on the suitability on the use of these techniques to study soot. Reliable NOx data in stagnation flames of a typical jet fuel is presented here. The predictive capability for NOx is tested by combining a HyChem model with a NOx submodel. NOx formation is measured in premixed stagnation flames of methane, ethylene and Jet A (POSF10325). The experimental data and model predictions show reasonably good agreement. However, the model appears to underpredict NOx formation in the fuel-rich Jet A flames. Additional prompt NO reaction pathways not yet accounted for may play a role in flames of large hydrocarbons. Transmission electron microscopy imaging of nascent soot was carried out to observe and quantify the annealing of soot samples under continuous irradiation of the high-energy electron beam. Soot samples are imaged in 2 minute intervals over a duration of 16 minutes. The structural transformation is visually unambiguous. The sensitivity of the fringe properties to the apparent changes in the nanostructures imaged is examined. The difficulties in quantifying soot composition through TEM are further illustrated by analyzing simulated images of molecular-dynamics generated particles. Together, the results highlight the difficulties in using electron microscopy to reliably quantify structural properties for nascent soot particles. Quantum confinement is examined in the ionization energy and optical band gap of soot nanoparticles over the range of 4-23 nm in volume median diameter. The results reveal that soot nanoparticles behave like an indirect band gap material due to the electronic structure of the aromatic molecules comprising the soot nanoparticles. Both the ionization energy and optical band gap are found to follow the quantum confinement effect closely. Cyclic voltammetry measurements and density functional theory calculations provide additional support for the quantum dot behavior observed. A model for the refractive index of nascent soot particles is proposed over the wavelength range of 185 - 1400 nm. The refractive index of soot is shown to depend on the primary particle size for the first time. The refractive indices evaluated for large soot particles are in close agreement with literature values in the visible spectrum. The imaginary component is strongly sensitive to the particle size, deviating significantly from literature values at wavelengths > 700 nm and particle sizes ~ 15 nm in diameter. This highlights the need to account for the size effect in the refractive index in optical diagnostics of soot in flames, with implications on earlier extinction and scattering measurements of flame soot during the early stage of soot growth.

Author : Yasir Beeran Pottathara
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128157526
Total Pages : 594 pages
Book Rating : 4.27/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Nanomaterials Synthesis written by Yasir Beeran Pottathara and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-29 with total page 594 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials Synthesis: Design, Fabrication and Applications combines the present and emerging trends of synthesis routes of nanomaterials with the incorporation of various technologies. The book covers the new trends and challenges in the synthesis and surface engineering of a wide range of nanomaterials, including emerging technologies used for their synthesis. Significant properties, safety and sustainability and environmental impacts of the synthesis routes are explored. This book is an important information source that will help materials scientists and engineers who want to learn more about how different classes of nanomaterials are designed. Highlights recent developments in, and opportunities created by, new nanomaterials synthesis methods Explains major synthesis techniques for different types of nanomaterials Discusses the challenges of using a variety of synthesis methods

Author : Jeffery S. Marshall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139952382
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.85/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Adhesive Particle Flow written by Jeffery S. Marshall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offering a comprehensive treatment of adhesive particle flows, this book adopts a particle-level approach oriented toward directly simulating the various fluid, electric field, collision, and adhesion forces and torques acting on the particles, within the framework of a discrete-element model. It is ideal for professionals and graduate students working in engineering and atmospheric and condensed matter physics, materials science, environmental science, and other disciplines where particulate flows have a significant role. The presentation is applicable to a wide range of flow fields, including aerosols, colloids, fluidized beds, and granular flows. It describes both physical models of the various forces and torques on the particles as well as practical aspects necessary for efficient implementation of these models in a computational framework.

Author : Zhongchao Tan
Publisher : MDPI
ISBN 13 : 3039211285
Total Pages : 198 pages
Book Rating : 4.89/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Micro/Nano Materials for Clean Energy and Environment written by Zhongchao Tan and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-07-01 with total page 198 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Tsinghua University–University of Waterloo Joint Research Center for Micro/Nano Energy & Environment Technology (JCMEET) is a platform. It was established on Nov.11, 2017. The Chairperson of University Council of Tsinghua University, Dr. Xu Chen, and the President of the University of Waterloo, Dr. Feridun Hamdullahpur, attended the opening ceremony and unveiled the nameplate for the joint research center on 29th of March, 2018. The research center serves as a platform for researchers at both universities to conduct joint research in the targeted areas, and to meet regularly for information exchange, talent exchange, and knowledge mobilization, especially in the fields of micro/nano, energy, and environmental technologies. The center focuses on three main interests: micro/nano energy technology, micro/nano pollution control technology, and relevant fundamental research. In order to celebrate the first anniversary of the Joint Research Center, we were invited to serve as the Guest Editors of this Special Issue of Materials focusing on the topic of micro/nano-materials for clean energy and environment. It collects research papers from a broad range of topics related to micro/nanostructured materials aimed at future energy resources, low emission energy conversion, energy storage, energy efficiency improvement, air emission control, air monitoring, air cleaning, and many other related applications. This Special Issue provides an opportunity and example for the international community to discuss how to actively address the energy and environment issues that we are facing.

Author : Shruthi Dasappa
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 211 pages
Book Rating : 4.18/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Fundamental Studies of Gas-to-particle Conversion for Nanoparticle Synthesis in Flames written by Shruthi Dasappa and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 211 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The dissertation focuses on fundamental processes involved in the formation of carbon and manganese oxide nanoparticles by gas-to-particle conversion. A systematic approach through complementary experimental and modeling is implemented to study the evolution of flame formed particles and their dependence on flame conditions and growth environment. Stretch stabilized stagnation flames are utilized to assess flame temperature and equivalence ratio effects for soot formed in higher-temperature regimes. This unique condition (Tf > 2100 K) results in a new combination of "young", nucleation sized particles with a "mature" carbon structure. A significant transformation in carbon structure observed from the evolution in Raman spectra promises development of functional high-surface area sp2 carbon materials. Particle nucleation and growth of manganese oxide nanoparticles is examined in a complementary experimental and modeling study of high temperature premixed stagnation flames. Manganese oxide nanoparticles having varying oxidation states are observed depending on the flame conditions. Analysis of the formation of MnO indicates that a thermodynamic barrier limits nucleation. Fundamental insights gained from simple laboratory flames inform particle formation in turbulent spray flames. The dissertation provides insight into flame spray synthesis (FSS), facilitating scaled, cost-effective, and versatile nanoparticle synthesis. FSS of carbon black is studied using coal tar distillate diluted in toluene as a carbon particle feedstock. Although the precursor is the same, this synthesis differs from conventional furnace black processes. Particles are formed directly in the flame rather than through downstream pyrolysis. Resulting carbon black particles are small but could potentially be tailored based on growth conditions. A new diagnostic for determining chemical species information is introduced in collaboration with Argonne National Laboratory. Multi-probe optical emission spectroscopy is performed to analyze the axial evolution of manganese during FSS. "Optical Emission Spectroscopy Tool (OSAT)" is developed to enable data analysis, systematic feature recognition and axial species evolution. The axial evolution of Mn(I) through the flame provides fundamental insight such as the location of oxide formation. This dissertation focusses on fundamental gas-to-particle conversion processes. Understanding the fundamental dependence of nanoparticles on the flame growth conditions is key towards engineering the size, structure, and morphology.

Author : Jeffery S. Marshall
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107032075
Total Pages : 361 pages
Book Rating : 4.71/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Adhesive Particle Flow written by Jeffery S. Marshall and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-31 with total page 361 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is targeted at professionals and graduate students working in disciplines where flow of adhesive particles plays a significant role.

Author :
Publisher : ScholarlyEditions
ISBN 13 : 1464990468
Total Pages : 14170 pages
Book Rating : 4.65/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application: 2012 Edition written by and published by ScholarlyEditions. This book was released on 2012-12-26 with total page 14170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Nanotechnology. The editors have built Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Nanotechnology in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Advances in Nanotechnology Research and Application / 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.

Author : Eric Bringley
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.80/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Simulations of Nanoparticle Synthesis in Laminar Stagnation Flames written by Eric Bringley and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Author : Pratim Biswas
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110729555
Total Pages : 224 pages
Book Rating : 4.59/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Aerosols written by Pratim Biswas and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2022-07-18 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Aerosol science and engineering is a vibrant field of particle technology and chemical reaction engineering. The book presents a timely account of this interdisciplinary topic and its various application areas. It will be of interest to scientists or engineers active in aerosol physics, aerosol or colloid chemistry, atmospheric processes, and chemical, mechanical, environmental and/or materials engineering.