Cross Level Inference

Author : Christopher H. Achen
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226002194
Total Pages : 266 pages
Book Rating : 4.95/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Cross-Level Inference written by Christopher H. Achen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-05-15 with total page 266 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last several years, new disputes have erupted over the use of group averages from census areas or voting districts to draw inferences about individual social behavior. Social scientists, policy analysts, and historians often have little choice about using this kind of data, but statistical analysis of them is fraught with pitfalls. The recent debates have led to a new menu of choices for the applied researcher. This volume explains why older methods like ecological regression so often fail, and it gives the most comprehensive treatment available of the promising new techniques for cross-level inference. Experts in statistical analysis of aggregate data, Christopher H. Achen and W. Philips Shively contend that cross-level inference makes unusually strong demands on substantive knowledge, so that no one method, such as Goodman's ecological regression, will fit all situations. Criticizing Goodman's model and some recent attempts to replace it, the authors argue for a range of alternate techniques, including estensions of cross-tabular, regression analysis, and unobservable variable estimators.

Author : Christopher H. Achen
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 9780226002200
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.09/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Cross-Level Inference written by Christopher H. Achen and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 1995-05-20 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the last several years, new disputes have erupted over the use of group averages from census areas or voting districts to draw inferences about individual social behavior. Social scientists, policy analysts, and historians often have little choice about using this kind of data, but statistical analysis of them is fraught with pitfalls. The recent debates have led to a new menu of choices for the applied researcher. This volume explains why older methods like ecological regression so often fail, and it gives the most comprehensive treatment available of the promising new techniques for cross-level inference. Experts in statistical analysis of aggregate data, Christopher H. Achen and W. Philips Shively contend that cross-level inference makes unusually strong demands on substantive knowledge, so that no one method, such as Goodman's ecological regression, will fit all situations. Criticizing Goodman's model and some recent attempts to replace it, the authors argue for a range of alternate techniques, including estensions of cross-tabular, regression analysis, and unobservable variable estimators.

Author : Gary King
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 1400849209
Total Pages : 366 pages
Book Rating : 4.08/5 ( download)

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Download or read book A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem written by Gary King and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2013-09-20 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a solution to the ecological inference problem, which has plagued users of statistical methods for over seventy-five years: How can researchers reliably infer individual-level behavior from aggregate (ecological) data? In political science, this question arises when individual-level surveys are unavailable (for instance, local or comparative electoral politics), unreliable (racial politics), insufficient (political geography), or infeasible (political history). This ecological inference problem also confronts researchers in numerous areas of major significance in public policy, and other academic disciplines, ranging from epidemiology and marketing to sociology and quantitative history. Although many have attempted to make such cross-level inferences, scholars agree that all existing methods yield very inaccurate conclusions about the world. In this volume, Gary King lays out a unique--and reliable--solution to this venerable problem. King begins with a qualitative overview, readable even by those without a statistical background. He then unifies the apparently diverse findings in the methodological literature, so that only one aggregation problem remains to be solved. He then presents his solution, as well as empirical evaluations of the solution that include over 16,000 comparisons of his estimates from real aggregate data to the known individual-level answer. The method works in practice. King's solution to the ecological inference problem will enable empirical researchers to investigate substantive questions that have heretofore proved unanswerable, and move forward fields of inquiry in which progress has been stifled by this problem.

Author : Gary King
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780521542807
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.04/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Ecological Inference written by Gary King and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2004-09-13 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing upon the recent explosion of research in the field, a diverse group of scholars surveys the latest strategies for solving ecological inference problems, the process of trying to infer individual behavior from aggregate data. The uncertainties and information lost in aggregation make ecological inference one of the most difficult areas of statistical inference, but these inferences are required in many academic fields, as well as by legislatures and the Courts in redistricting, marketing research by business, and policy analysis by governments. This wide-ranging collection of essays offers many fresh and important contributions to the study of ecological inference.

Author : Harry Jm Huttner, Vg Method
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313387877
Total Pages : 284 pages
Book Rating : 4.76/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Multilevel Design written by Harry Jm Huttner, Vg Method and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 1995-01-30 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the social sciences, phenomena tend to be hierarchically structured, so that individuals belong to groups, and groups belong to larger organizations and societies. Multilevel research stresses this hierarchical structure of social life, and necessarily assumes the existence of a particular organization of the procedures of investigation. This organization, which is fundamental to the research, is called a research design. Because the research is hierarchical, it uses a multilevel design. This book provides a detailed overview of the theoretical and methodological aspects of multilevel research based on the multilevel definition of social structure. Six chapters discuss the foundations of multilevel research and the applications of its research in the social sciences. An annotated bibliography follows, which is divided into eight sections on theoretical and methodological issues and on applications of multilevel research. Included are books and articles published from 1980 through 1993.

Author : Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier
Publisher : Oxford Handbooks of Political
ISBN 13 : 9780199286546
Total Pages : 880 pages
Book Rating : 4.4X/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology written by Janet M. Box-Steffensmeier and published by Oxford Handbooks of Political. This book was released on 2008 with total page 880 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbooks of Political Science are the essential guide to the state of political science today. With engaging contributions from major international scholars The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology provides the key point of reference for anyone working throughout the discipline.

Author : Christer Karlsson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317370090
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.93/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Research Methods for Operations Management written by Christer Karlsson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-05-31 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research Methods for Operations Management, second edition is a toolkit of research approaches primarily for advanced students and beginner researchers but also a reference book for any researcher in OM. Many students begin their career in research limited by the one or few approaches taken by their department. The concise, accessible overviews found here equip them with an understanding of a variety of methods and how to use them, enabling them to tailor their research project to their own strengths and goals. The more seasoned researcher will find comprehensive descriptions and analyses on a wide variety of research approaches. This updated and enhanced edition responds to the latest developments in OM, including the growing prominence of services and production of intangible products, and the increasing use of secondary data and of mixed approaches. Alternative research approaches are included and explored to help with the early planning of research. This edition also includes expanded literature review and analysis to guide students towards the next steps in their reading, and more detailed step-by-step advice to tie theory with the researcher’s own practice. Including contributions from an impressive range of the field’s leading thinkers in OM research, this is a guide that no-one embarking on an OM research project should be without.

Author : Kate Kenski
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199793476
Total Pages : 977 pages
Book Rating : 4.71/5 ( download)

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Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication written by Kate Kenski and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 977 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Oxford Handbook of Political Communication provides contexts for viewing the field, examines political discourse, media, and interpersonal and small group political communication, and considers political communication's evolution inside the altered political communication landscape. Agendas for future research and innovation are presented.

Author : Cheryl Nakata
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230240836
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.34/5 ( download)

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Download or read book Beyond Hofstede written by Cheryl Nakata and published by Springer. This book was released on 2009-07-16 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hofstede introduced a culture paradigm that has been widely influential in international business. However, its relevance in light of culture's increasing complexity due to globalization has been questioned. Alternative culture frameworks and perspectives are offered by leading scholars in global marketing and management.

Author : DR AHLEM ARFAOUI TARTIR
Publisher : AHLEM TARTIR
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 206 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)

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Download or read book THE POWER OF THE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTION IN THE UNITED STATES written by DR AHLEM ARFAOUI TARTIR and published by AHLEM TARTIR. This book was released on 2024-05-20 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a comprehensive investigation of Political Contributors in the United States. It describes the crusade fund controls and how they decrease the impact of specifically granted parties while simultaneously expanding subject commitments. The experts have introduced us to the results of the strategy of a detailed predisposition in crusade commitments for occupants. The cases of these unexpected outcomes have been put into practical use while serving a resourceful purpose. The following paper, in drafted details, evaluates the deliberate and unimagined outcomes of battle back controls in different states of the USA. This detailed evaluation aims to clarity a theoretical framework of several impacts of authority on two very specific kinds of benefactors, one of which is the particularistic contributor, whose ideas contribute to the practical implications limited by the boundaries of commitment limits. Another is a universalistic contributor, driven by assisting their most desirable applicants, is going to be less focused on directions. Significantly, the unbranching of commitments is not expected to have an effect on the commitment limits. This book further highlights two very specific speculations reflecting the hypothetical scenarios, one of them being restrictive commitment that limits and decreases the figures and the volume of particularistic commitments while also increasing the diverging numbers and, additionally, the measures of commitments. Another speculation includes contribution limits that do not have a significant effect on the numbers, sum, or variations of universalistic commitments Additionally, this book focuses on the practical results that crusade back controls function without the inadvertent result of allotting a financially favorable position to officeholders at both the state level and the applicant level. Moreover, commitment limits lead to an increase in the number of aggregate supporters while decreasing the number and measure of particular commitments and, in turn, uplifting the number of universalistic patrons. In addition to this, the excessive evaluations and examinations portray a dynamic impact on commitment restrictions at the organizational level, on the guilds, on an individual level, in communities, and on the belief system PAC. Restrictive commitment limits significantly decrease the metrics of an organization's commitments, leading to a decrease in the employees commitments. With that said, it is mandatory